This document discusses the Year 2038 problem that will affect systems that store time using 32-bit signed integers. When the timestamp reaches 231 seconds past midnight on January 19, 2038, it will roll over to a negative number and cause issues. Systems that rely on time such as scheduling software, banking programs, and devices like satellites could experience failures. Solutions proposed include changing the time_t structure to 64-bit or redefining it as an unsigned integer to extend the usable timestamp range beyond 2038. The presentation highlights the importance of addressing this issue before it causes widespread problems similar to the Y2K bug.

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR – II
11Z609
PRESENTATION – II
Y2K38
By
Kiruthika P T
121CS160
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2. Outline
• Introduction
• The problem
• Data structures
• Example in C
• Time and date calculation
• Importance of time
• Consequences
• Solutions
• Conclusion
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3. Introduction
• The year 2038 problem
• Program
• Affects electronic chips
• Systems will go abnormal
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4. The problem
• Unix
• 32 bit OS
• Signed integer
• 19-jan-2038, Tuesday, 03:14:07
• Break down
• Example
– Finance
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5. Data structures
• File system
• Databases
• Embedded factory
• Refinery control
• Monitoring subsystem
• Assorted medical devices
• Assorted military devices
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6. Example in C
main()
{
struct tm *tm_ptr;
time_t i;
i=2147483641;
for(;i<2147483651;i++){
gmtime_r(&i,tm_ptr);
printf("Date: %04d-%02d-%02d ",tm_ptr-
>tm_year+1900, tm_ptr->tm_mon+1, tm_ptr-
>tm_mday);
printf("Time: %02d:%02d:%02dn", tm_ptr->tm_hour,
tm_ptr->tm_min, tm_ptr->tm_sec);
}exit(0);
} 6/16

7. Output
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:01
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:02
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:03
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:04
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:05
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:06
Date: 2038-01-19 Time: 03:14:07
Date: 1901-12-13 Time: 20:45:52
Date: 1901-12-13 Time: 20:45:53
Date: 1901-12-13 Time: 20:45:54
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8. • time_t is an integer
• 1-jan-1970 (12.00.00 AM)
• Seconds will be calculated
• time_t = 31,536,000 seconds
• By 2038 time_t will be over 2,140,000,000
Time and date calculation
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9. • 32 bit Signed integer
• 31 bit can store up to 2,147,483,647
• 19-jan-2038 (03.14.07 AM)
• One second later disaster strikes.
Time and date calculation cont…
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10. Time and date calculation cont…
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11. Importance of time
• major aspect of the physical world
• Independent variable in computer world
• Real time application
• Example:
– Gun fire control,
– Automatic navigation,
– Missile guidance and
– Machine control
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12. Consequences
• Scheduling software
• Billing programs
• Personal reminder calculator
• Satellite system
• Massive power outage
• Failure of support system
• Interruption of phone system
• Banking
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13. Solution
• Re-define the time_t structure as 64-bit.
• Change time_t from 32-bit signed to 32-bit
unsigned.
• Shift from 32-bit systems to 64-bit systems.
• 64 bit representation will not come before 290
billion years.
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14. Conclusion
• Y2K38 being a serious problem needs to be
solved properly and within time.
• The Y2K problem kept us engrossed and
worried in the year 1999.
• However, the Y2K38 problem is not as
obvious
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15. QUERIES????
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16. THANK YOU
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