This article reveals the mythology of Sufi sects in Central Asia in the XVI century, the content and essence of mysticism, as well as its role in the socio-political life of society and the state. The article also analyzes the work of “Lamahot”, one of the rare sources reflecting the life and activity of famous Central Asian representatives of the yassavian sect, as well as its importance in studying the history of mysticism. by Jalilov Mirsaid Bektosh ugli 2020. XVI Century Representatives Of Sufism In Central Asia And Analysis Of Sources. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 2 (Mar. 2020), 54-58. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i2.270. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/270/263 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/270
Importance of revivalist's work in continuation of true Islamic teachings, their efforts to combat internal and external threats to Islam and the importance of reading their work.
1. Several Islamic revivalist movements emerged in South Asia between the 17th-19th centuries in response to perceived religious deviations, including those led by Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayed Ahmed Shaheed, and Haji Shareeatullah.
2. Mughal emperor Akbar's religious reforms, which included bans on cow slaughter and practices like ghusl, as well as the introduction of a new religion "Deen-e-Illahi", faced a strong reaction from Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi who saw these as non-Islamic beliefs and sought to purify Islam and promote a separate Muslim identity.
3. Sirhindi is considered a major figure
This document discusses Eastern philosophy, including various philosophies from South and East Asia. It specifically focuses on Sufi philosophy, a mystical branch within Islam. Sufism emerged in the Middle East in the 8th century and is now found around the world. Early Sufi literature from around 1000 CE became the source of Sufi thinking. The document also discusses the influential early Sufi philosopher Al-Ghazali from the 11th century, focusing on his concepts of the self and causes of misery and happiness.
The document outlines the chronology and development of Hinduism over nine periods from 3000 BC to 1400 AD. It describes the major Hindu scriptures including the Vedas, Upanishads, Gita, and Puranas. The Vedas contain mantras, ceremonies, rituals and philosophical discourses. The Upanishads expound key philosophical concepts. The Puranas popularized epics and provided teachings for rituals, mythology, philosophy, and traditions that influence modern Hindu practice. Hindu philosophy centers around karma, bhakti, jnana, dharma, and moksha.
The ancient Indus Valley Civilization developed around 5000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid in a grid and advanced sanitation systems. Around 1800 BCE, the civilization began to decline due to drought or other factors. After this, Aryan tribes migrated into the region, establishing the Vedic civilization between 1500-500 BCE. During this period, sacred texts like the Vedas were composed, introducing Hindu concepts like dharma, karma, samsara and the caste system. The Mauryan Empire then unified much of the Indian subcontinent under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE after adopting Buddhism following
Hinduism is one of the oldest major religions in the world originating in India. It has no single founder but developed
organically over millennia. Hinduism consists of numerous traditions and beliefs including reincarnation, dharma,
karma, and moksha. It has about 1 billion followers globally, making it the third largest religion. Key Hindu scriptures
include the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita.
Ancient China experienced several important dynasties between 5,000-200 BC. The Xia Dynasty is believed to have been the first, founded by Yu the Great to control flooding of the Yellow River. The next major dynasty was the Shang Dynasty, the first for which there is both archaeological and documentary evidence. Two important developments during the Shang were the earliest forms of Chinese writing and the beginning of bronze metalworking. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang in 1046 BC and saw further developments including the spread of ironworking, new agricultural technologies, and the philosophy of Confucianism. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, China fragmented into many warring states and new philosophies like
Politics and religion from ancient ChinaPaulo Arieu
The document discusses the politics and religion of ancient China. It describes the main political structures currently in China and the five dynasties that ruled historically, including the Shang Dynasty from 1766-1027 BC, the Zhou Dynasty from 1122-256 BC, the Qin Dynasty from 221-206 BC which the word "China" derives from, and the Han Dynasty from 206 BC-9 AD which was the longest imperial era. It also examines the major religious systems of ancient China, including Confucianism founded by Confucius which emphasized ethical and philosophical teachings, Taoism founded by Laozi which focused on living in harmony with the Tao or natural order, and Buddhism introduced during the Han Dynasty based
Importance of revivalist's work in continuation of true Islamic teachings, their efforts to combat internal and external threats to Islam and the importance of reading their work.
1. Several Islamic revivalist movements emerged in South Asia between the 17th-19th centuries in response to perceived religious deviations, including those led by Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayed Ahmed Shaheed, and Haji Shareeatullah.
2. Mughal emperor Akbar's religious reforms, which included bans on cow slaughter and practices like ghusl, as well as the introduction of a new religion "Deen-e-Illahi", faced a strong reaction from Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi who saw these as non-Islamic beliefs and sought to purify Islam and promote a separate Muslim identity.
3. Sirhindi is considered a major figure
This document discusses Eastern philosophy, including various philosophies from South and East Asia. It specifically focuses on Sufi philosophy, a mystical branch within Islam. Sufism emerged in the Middle East in the 8th century and is now found around the world. Early Sufi literature from around 1000 CE became the source of Sufi thinking. The document also discusses the influential early Sufi philosopher Al-Ghazali from the 11th century, focusing on his concepts of the self and causes of misery and happiness.
The document outlines the chronology and development of Hinduism over nine periods from 3000 BC to 1400 AD. It describes the major Hindu scriptures including the Vedas, Upanishads, Gita, and Puranas. The Vedas contain mantras, ceremonies, rituals and philosophical discourses. The Upanishads expound key philosophical concepts. The Puranas popularized epics and provided teachings for rituals, mythology, philosophy, and traditions that influence modern Hindu practice. Hindu philosophy centers around karma, bhakti, jnana, dharma, and moksha.
The ancient Indus Valley Civilization developed around 5000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Two major cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid in a grid and advanced sanitation systems. Around 1800 BCE, the civilization began to decline due to drought or other factors. After this, Aryan tribes migrated into the region, establishing the Vedic civilization between 1500-500 BCE. During this period, sacred texts like the Vedas were composed, introducing Hindu concepts like dharma, karma, samsara and the caste system. The Mauryan Empire then unified much of the Indian subcontinent under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE after adopting Buddhism following
Hinduism is one of the oldest major religions in the world originating in India. It has no single founder but developed
organically over millennia. Hinduism consists of numerous traditions and beliefs including reincarnation, dharma,
karma, and moksha. It has about 1 billion followers globally, making it the third largest religion. Key Hindu scriptures
include the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita.
Ancient China experienced several important dynasties between 5,000-200 BC. The Xia Dynasty is believed to have been the first, founded by Yu the Great to control flooding of the Yellow River. The next major dynasty was the Shang Dynasty, the first for which there is both archaeological and documentary evidence. Two important developments during the Shang were the earliest forms of Chinese writing and the beginning of bronze metalworking. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang in 1046 BC and saw further developments including the spread of ironworking, new agricultural technologies, and the philosophy of Confucianism. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, China fragmented into many warring states and new philosophies like
Politics and religion from ancient ChinaPaulo Arieu
The document discusses the politics and religion of ancient China. It describes the main political structures currently in China and the five dynasties that ruled historically, including the Shang Dynasty from 1766-1027 BC, the Zhou Dynasty from 1122-256 BC, the Qin Dynasty from 221-206 BC which the word "China" derives from, and the Han Dynasty from 206 BC-9 AD which was the longest imperial era. It also examines the major religious systems of ancient China, including Confucianism founded by Confucius which emphasized ethical and philosophical teachings, Taoism founded by Laozi which focused on living in harmony with the Tao or natural order, and Buddhism introduced during the Han Dynasty based
Contribution of Kautilya , Confucius, Ibn Khaldun and Max Weber on State , Ad...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Kautilya looked at the country like a person surrounded by problems. He worked at the total annihilation of problems by the roots. His foresight and wide knowledge coupled with politics of expediency founded the mighty Mauryan Empire in India. He was a great laureate of economics with a glittering intellect to perceive the intricate dynamics of the various economic activities and principles.
Confucius sought to explain the decay of society in terms of the deterioration of morals. Confucian society was necessarily bureaucratic and hierarchical, with the state being stronger than civil society.
Ibn Khaldun discussed a variety of topics like History and Historiography. His theory about Asbyiah (group feeling and solidarity ) and the role that it plays in Bedouin societies is insightful. His theories of the science of Umran (sociology) are all pearls of wisdom. His Introduction is his greatest legacy that he left for all of humanity and the generations to come .
While Max Weber, a German social scientist, who had contributed regarding the formulation of “liberal imperialism” in 1895. Weber created a methodology and a body of literature dealing with the sociology of religion, political parties, and the economy, as well as studies of formal organizations, small-group behaviour, and the philosophy of history. His work continues to stimulate scholarship.
This assignment contains their biography , their contributions in brief , relationship of their contributions with modern state , administration and governance process and the contrast of those features with modern ones .
This summarizes a biography of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a prominent Islamic scholar. Nasr was born in Iran in 1933 and exposed to both Islamic and Western traditions from a young age. He has held academic positions in the US teaching Islamic studies and has authored many influential works on Islam, philosophy, and the relationship between religion and modernity. Nasr is critical of secularism and aspects of modernity that distance society from sacred traditions and principles. He advocates returning to traditional Islamic perspectives to confront challenges posed by the modern world.
WHAT IS AHMADIYYAT?
Ahmadiyyat is a sect of Islam and not a new religion. Ahmadiyyat is a movement, entirely within the fold of Islam, meant to revive its true spirit and philosophy, to cleanse Islam of all superstitious and unnecessary beliefs and customs which had crept in over the past fourteen centuries, and, finally, to preach the religion of Islam to non-Muslims with the enthusiasm and zeal of the early Muslims.
The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, India, in 1889. The followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad believe that he is the same Messiah and Mahdi whose coming was foretold by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and was eagerly awaited by all Muslims. His followers call themselves Ahmadi Muslims, only to differentiate themselves from members of other Islamic sects, and strictly follow the orthodox religion of Islam.
As far as the fundamental beliefs or acts of worship are concerned, the Ahmadi Muslims have neither taken anything out nor added anything new to the religion of Islam. The Ahmadi Muslims make their declaration of faith by reciting the same Kalima which was recited by the Holy Prophet Muhammad himself; they say their Prayers and fast in the same manner as the Holy Prophet of Islam did; and their Qiblah, their Ka'ba, their Azan and their Quran are all exactly the same as that of the other Muslims.
DIFFERENCES WITH SUNNI MUSLIMS
There are basically three beliefs held by Ahmadi Muslims which separate them from the mainstream of Sunni Islam. These three beliefs concern:
o The finality of Muhammad's prophethood.
o Jesus Christ's ascension to heaven, and
o the identity of the Promised Messiah
These three areas of contention between Ahmadi and Sunni Muslims are briefly described below:
World / European History Unit1 -- The Ancient WorldJoseph Florencio
Mesopotamia developed the earliest known writing system of cuneiform around 3500 BCE along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Cuneiform was used to record economic transactions and administrative texts in a variety of Mesopotamian city-states. Egyptian hieroglyphs also date back to around 3500 BCE and were used as a complex picture writing system until the 6th century BCE. Early civilizations in India and China developed along major river systems and established religious and philosophical traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism.
1) The document discusses the works and influence of the Islamic scholar Al-Ghazali. It summarizes his classification of different groups seeking truth in his time, including theologians, philosophers, authoritarians, and mystics.
2) Al-Ghazali had a profound impact on both Islamic theology and Western philosophy by engaging critically with Greek philosophy and defending Islam from its influence. His works helped Christian theologians also defend their faith.
3) Al-Ghazali illustrated a balance between Islamic tradition and mysticism. He showed mysticism could be compatible with mainstream Islam if practiced within religious bounds. His personality and works continue to inspire Muslims wrestling with modern Western thought.
The document discusses how Islam is often excluded from courses on Asian religions despite its significant historical presence and influence across Asia. It notes that after an initial period of expansion, the Islamic empires of the Safavids, Ottomans, and Mughals rose to prominence in Asia between the 12th-16th centuries. During this time, Islam became firmly established across Southeast Asia as well. However, Islam is regularly left out of surveys of Asian religions and incorrectly grouped with Judaism and Christianity as a "religion of the West". The author argues that any comprehensive understanding of Asian civilizations must include Islam given its central role throughout the region for over a millennium. Excluding Islam presents an inaccurate view of Asian history
Taoism originated in China as a combination of philosophy and psychology attributed to Lao-Tse in the 6th century BCE. It views the universe as constantly recreating itself through the balance of opposing but complementary forces called yin and yang. With over 20 million followers today, Taoism teaches that finding perfection, balance and harmony comes from living according to natural principles like wu-wei or non-action. It was adopted as a state religion in 440 CE but faced periods of suppression after the Communist victory in 1949 and during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976.
The Bhakti movement emphasized intense devotion and surrender to God as the path to salvation. It promoted the ideas of unity of God, devotion through repetition of names, rejection of rituals and idol worship, and openness to different religious views. The movement grew between the 7th and 12th centuries through poet saints in South India and Sufi mystics in North India. It aimed to spiritually uplift Hindus experiencing difficulties under Muslim rule by refocusing them on loving devotion to God.
This document provides an overview of Taoism, including its key concepts, origins, history, and current status. It discusses that Taoism was founded by Laozi in China in the 6th century BCE and focused on achieving harmony. It later evolved into a religion and spread from China. It was suppressed during the cultural revolution but still has about 20 million followers today, many in Taiwan. The document also outlines some key Taoist beliefs like the balance of opposites, following nature's flow, and nurturing one's vital energy.
Islam And Chinesness: A Closer Look at Minority Moslem in Modern China Histor...Episteme IAIN Tulungagung
Artikel ini akan menyajikan pembahasan historiografi tentang bagaimana ilmuwan non-Cina (maksudnya Barat) menjelaskan keberadaan kaum minoritas Muslim Cina (Hui) dalam penulisan sejarah Cina modern. Empat karya ilmuwan Barat tentang Muslim Cina tersebut akan dibandingkan.
Sekalipun kelompok Hui Muslim secara formal telah diakui sebagai bagian dari mayoritas Han, narasi sejarah tentang Hui masih kalah banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok mayoritas. Karya-karya yang ada saat ini tentang Hui baik ditulis oleh ahli asli Cina maupun asing masih belum memadai, tetapi penting untuk disajikan. Terdapat dua pendekatan di kalangan akademisi yang dominan digunakan, yakni kesesuaian dan ketidaksesuaian Islam dan tradisi Cina dalam menjelaskan keberadaan Islam dan Cina yang diwakili masing-masing oleh kelompok Hui dan kelompok Han. Setelah membandingkan keempat karya akademisi non-Cina atas Hui, akan ditutup dengan usulan pentingnya menggunakan berbagai pendekatan dalam memahami sejarah lokal Hui, yang sepatutnya peranan mereka harus lebih ditonjolkan dalam konteks keterkaitan antara minoritas dengan sejarah mayoritas dan dunia Islam.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr is an Iranian philosopher and scholar of comparative religion born in 1933 in Tehran. He became a professor of Islamic studies at universities in Tehran, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. Nasr writes about Islamic esotericism, Sufism, philosophy of science, and metaphysics. He believes that humanity's salvation lies in rediscovering traditional religious values and that the perennial philosophy found in all religious traditions provides sacred knowledge and a way to study religion properly. Nasr argues that religious pluralism can be understood through Sufism for Muslims and the perennial philosophy for others.
This wall presents a selection of major historical figures—yogis, mystics, philosophers, and visionaries— who make up the unique spiritual lineage of EnlightenNext. Deeply rooted in Eastern teachings of enlightened transcendence, especially the nondual Indian tradition of Advaita Vedanta, we have also been greatly inspired by the evolutionary mystics and philosophers of the last several centuries and their passion for the world’s ongoing transformation.
Taoism originated in ancient China and is based on the central concept of "Tao," meaning the fundamental principle or essence of the universe. The founder was the philosopher Lao Tzu, who is reputed to have authored the seminal text Tao Te Ching. The text outlines Taoist philosophical concepts like wu wei ("non-action") and emphasizes living harmoniously with nature. Taoism later developed into both philosophical and religious branches, with the religious branch focusing on rituals, deities, and practices like meditation and alchemy aimed at achieving immortality or spiritual transcendence.
The document summarizes a book that explores Islamic fundamentalism. It discusses how the book shows that fundamentalism is complex with many movements and interpretations. The book examines discourses by several fundamentalists to understand their concepts and arguments. It also analyzes what Islamic fundamentalists believe. The document then summarizes the book's thesis, which is that fundamentalism has evolved over two phases in history in response to failures by Muslims to adapt to modern changes and erosion of their values by non-Muslim influences. It discusses how the book presents different views of fundamentalist leaders on interpreting Islam in the modern context.
The history of Taoism stretches throughout Chinese history, originating in prehistoric China and exerting influence over Chinese culture through changing times. A key text was written by Lao Tse in 600 BC laying out Taoist topics. Taoism seeks to harmonize with the Tao, or natural flow of the universe, through concepts like wuwei (non-action) and developing virtues like compassion and humility. Taoism has provided alternative traditions to Confucianism in China and influenced practices like fortune-telling, martial arts, and meditation.
Friedrich Nietzsche was a controversial philosopher known for challenging prevailing moral philosophies and institutions of his time. He argued that a great culture requires artistic illusion, which science alone cannot provide. Nietzsche was skeptical that mankind can achieve absolute knowledge or truth through science, and believed illusion and art were necessary components of cultural greatness. His provocative style of writing was intended to shock readers into questioning widely held beliefs of 19th century Europe.
This document provides an overview of several Eastern religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. It describes their ancient origins, key beliefs, scriptures, and spread. It also discusses approaches to witnessing to Theravada Buddhists by finding common ground and lifting up Jesus Christ while discipling new converts.
Taoism is a Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, which is the natural or divine order of the universe. It was founded by Laozi, who is associated with the Tao Te Ching, and developed from Chinese folk religions and philosophies. Taoism gained official status during the Tang Dynasty and influential Taoist texts include the Tao Te Ching and the Zhuangzi, while the Daozang serves as the Taoist canon.
Lao Tzu was the founding figure of Taoism in 6th century BC China. He authored the Tao Te Ching, which introduced main Taoist concepts like living in harmony with the Tao or "way," following one's natural instincts, and accepting the balance of yin and yang. Taoism started as a philosophy but became a religious faith focused on goodness, serenity, and respect. It has profoundly influenced Chinese culture by emphasizing connection to nature, holistic health practices, martial arts, and appreciation for the arts.
Shah Wali Ullah was an 18th century Islamic scholar, philosopher and reformer from India. He received a religious education from his father and also studied other subjects such as logic and philosophy. He went to Arabia for further Islamic studies and while there, had a vision. Shah Wali Ullah made significant contributions in the fields of hadith, jurisprudence, theology and translating the Quran. He emphasized ijtihad (independent reasoning) and was a great educationist who established madrasas and prepared syllabi for Islamic education.
Religious education in uzbekistan under sovietijejournal
It is imperative to identify and analyze the educational policies, embarked in Soviet Central Asia. This paper investigates the seven decades Communist rule in Muslim oriented Central Asia with a special focus to Islamic education policies and approaches. The Communist party serves as a seedbed of power not only in economics and politics but also in the realm of ideology and education. The interrogation and persecution on Religious education institutions, its carriers and scholars, Ulamas and believers clearly depicts the atheistic religious policy of soviets. Atheistic propaganda was intensified in the early 1920’s and 1930’s arbitrary arrests and execution took place to eliminate Muslim leaders who refused to cooperate
with the authorities. All Islamic schools (Maktabas and Madrassas) were closed and religious literature was confiscated. Inspite the approach of “drying them out” Islamic education survived in hujra (monastic cell) system of education.
The Doctrine of Allouddin Attor and Nakshbandiyaijtsrd
The article examines the activities of Alouddin Satori, the great ulema of the Naqshbandi sect, and the socio philosophical significance of his spiritual heritage. Rakhmatov Erkin Togaymurodovich "The Doctrine of Allouddin Attor and Nakshbandiya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47786/the-doctrine-of-allouddin-attor-and-nakshbandiya/rakhmatov-erkin-togaymurodovich
Contribution of Kautilya , Confucius, Ibn Khaldun and Max Weber on State , Ad...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Kautilya looked at the country like a person surrounded by problems. He worked at the total annihilation of problems by the roots. His foresight and wide knowledge coupled with politics of expediency founded the mighty Mauryan Empire in India. He was a great laureate of economics with a glittering intellect to perceive the intricate dynamics of the various economic activities and principles.
Confucius sought to explain the decay of society in terms of the deterioration of morals. Confucian society was necessarily bureaucratic and hierarchical, with the state being stronger than civil society.
Ibn Khaldun discussed a variety of topics like History and Historiography. His theory about Asbyiah (group feeling and solidarity ) and the role that it plays in Bedouin societies is insightful. His theories of the science of Umran (sociology) are all pearls of wisdom. His Introduction is his greatest legacy that he left for all of humanity and the generations to come .
While Max Weber, a German social scientist, who had contributed regarding the formulation of “liberal imperialism” in 1895. Weber created a methodology and a body of literature dealing with the sociology of religion, political parties, and the economy, as well as studies of formal organizations, small-group behaviour, and the philosophy of history. His work continues to stimulate scholarship.
This assignment contains their biography , their contributions in brief , relationship of their contributions with modern state , administration and governance process and the contrast of those features with modern ones .
This summarizes a biography of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a prominent Islamic scholar. Nasr was born in Iran in 1933 and exposed to both Islamic and Western traditions from a young age. He has held academic positions in the US teaching Islamic studies and has authored many influential works on Islam, philosophy, and the relationship between religion and modernity. Nasr is critical of secularism and aspects of modernity that distance society from sacred traditions and principles. He advocates returning to traditional Islamic perspectives to confront challenges posed by the modern world.
WHAT IS AHMADIYYAT?
Ahmadiyyat is a sect of Islam and not a new religion. Ahmadiyyat is a movement, entirely within the fold of Islam, meant to revive its true spirit and philosophy, to cleanse Islam of all superstitious and unnecessary beliefs and customs which had crept in over the past fourteen centuries, and, finally, to preach the religion of Islam to non-Muslims with the enthusiasm and zeal of the early Muslims.
The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, India, in 1889. The followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad believe that he is the same Messiah and Mahdi whose coming was foretold by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and was eagerly awaited by all Muslims. His followers call themselves Ahmadi Muslims, only to differentiate themselves from members of other Islamic sects, and strictly follow the orthodox religion of Islam.
As far as the fundamental beliefs or acts of worship are concerned, the Ahmadi Muslims have neither taken anything out nor added anything new to the religion of Islam. The Ahmadi Muslims make their declaration of faith by reciting the same Kalima which was recited by the Holy Prophet Muhammad himself; they say their Prayers and fast in the same manner as the Holy Prophet of Islam did; and their Qiblah, their Ka'ba, their Azan and their Quran are all exactly the same as that of the other Muslims.
DIFFERENCES WITH SUNNI MUSLIMS
There are basically three beliefs held by Ahmadi Muslims which separate them from the mainstream of Sunni Islam. These three beliefs concern:
o The finality of Muhammad's prophethood.
o Jesus Christ's ascension to heaven, and
o the identity of the Promised Messiah
These three areas of contention between Ahmadi and Sunni Muslims are briefly described below:
World / European History Unit1 -- The Ancient WorldJoseph Florencio
Mesopotamia developed the earliest known writing system of cuneiform around 3500 BCE along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Cuneiform was used to record economic transactions and administrative texts in a variety of Mesopotamian city-states. Egyptian hieroglyphs also date back to around 3500 BCE and were used as a complex picture writing system until the 6th century BCE. Early civilizations in India and China developed along major river systems and established religious and philosophical traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism.
1) The document discusses the works and influence of the Islamic scholar Al-Ghazali. It summarizes his classification of different groups seeking truth in his time, including theologians, philosophers, authoritarians, and mystics.
2) Al-Ghazali had a profound impact on both Islamic theology and Western philosophy by engaging critically with Greek philosophy and defending Islam from its influence. His works helped Christian theologians also defend their faith.
3) Al-Ghazali illustrated a balance between Islamic tradition and mysticism. He showed mysticism could be compatible with mainstream Islam if practiced within religious bounds. His personality and works continue to inspire Muslims wrestling with modern Western thought.
The document discusses how Islam is often excluded from courses on Asian religions despite its significant historical presence and influence across Asia. It notes that after an initial period of expansion, the Islamic empires of the Safavids, Ottomans, and Mughals rose to prominence in Asia between the 12th-16th centuries. During this time, Islam became firmly established across Southeast Asia as well. However, Islam is regularly left out of surveys of Asian religions and incorrectly grouped with Judaism and Christianity as a "religion of the West". The author argues that any comprehensive understanding of Asian civilizations must include Islam given its central role throughout the region for over a millennium. Excluding Islam presents an inaccurate view of Asian history
Taoism originated in China as a combination of philosophy and psychology attributed to Lao-Tse in the 6th century BCE. It views the universe as constantly recreating itself through the balance of opposing but complementary forces called yin and yang. With over 20 million followers today, Taoism teaches that finding perfection, balance and harmony comes from living according to natural principles like wu-wei or non-action. It was adopted as a state religion in 440 CE but faced periods of suppression after the Communist victory in 1949 and during the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976.
The Bhakti movement emphasized intense devotion and surrender to God as the path to salvation. It promoted the ideas of unity of God, devotion through repetition of names, rejection of rituals and idol worship, and openness to different religious views. The movement grew between the 7th and 12th centuries through poet saints in South India and Sufi mystics in North India. It aimed to spiritually uplift Hindus experiencing difficulties under Muslim rule by refocusing them on loving devotion to God.
This document provides an overview of Taoism, including its key concepts, origins, history, and current status. It discusses that Taoism was founded by Laozi in China in the 6th century BCE and focused on achieving harmony. It later evolved into a religion and spread from China. It was suppressed during the cultural revolution but still has about 20 million followers today, many in Taiwan. The document also outlines some key Taoist beliefs like the balance of opposites, following nature's flow, and nurturing one's vital energy.
Islam And Chinesness: A Closer Look at Minority Moslem in Modern China Histor...Episteme IAIN Tulungagung
Artikel ini akan menyajikan pembahasan historiografi tentang bagaimana ilmuwan non-Cina (maksudnya Barat) menjelaskan keberadaan kaum minoritas Muslim Cina (Hui) dalam penulisan sejarah Cina modern. Empat karya ilmuwan Barat tentang Muslim Cina tersebut akan dibandingkan.
Sekalipun kelompok Hui Muslim secara formal telah diakui sebagai bagian dari mayoritas Han, narasi sejarah tentang Hui masih kalah banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok mayoritas. Karya-karya yang ada saat ini tentang Hui baik ditulis oleh ahli asli Cina maupun asing masih belum memadai, tetapi penting untuk disajikan. Terdapat dua pendekatan di kalangan akademisi yang dominan digunakan, yakni kesesuaian dan ketidaksesuaian Islam dan tradisi Cina dalam menjelaskan keberadaan Islam dan Cina yang diwakili masing-masing oleh kelompok Hui dan kelompok Han. Setelah membandingkan keempat karya akademisi non-Cina atas Hui, akan ditutup dengan usulan pentingnya menggunakan berbagai pendekatan dalam memahami sejarah lokal Hui, yang sepatutnya peranan mereka harus lebih ditonjolkan dalam konteks keterkaitan antara minoritas dengan sejarah mayoritas dan dunia Islam.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr is an Iranian philosopher and scholar of comparative religion born in 1933 in Tehran. He became a professor of Islamic studies at universities in Tehran, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. Nasr writes about Islamic esotericism, Sufism, philosophy of science, and metaphysics. He believes that humanity's salvation lies in rediscovering traditional religious values and that the perennial philosophy found in all religious traditions provides sacred knowledge and a way to study religion properly. Nasr argues that religious pluralism can be understood through Sufism for Muslims and the perennial philosophy for others.
This wall presents a selection of major historical figures—yogis, mystics, philosophers, and visionaries— who make up the unique spiritual lineage of EnlightenNext. Deeply rooted in Eastern teachings of enlightened transcendence, especially the nondual Indian tradition of Advaita Vedanta, we have also been greatly inspired by the evolutionary mystics and philosophers of the last several centuries and their passion for the world’s ongoing transformation.
Taoism originated in ancient China and is based on the central concept of "Tao," meaning the fundamental principle or essence of the universe. The founder was the philosopher Lao Tzu, who is reputed to have authored the seminal text Tao Te Ching. The text outlines Taoist philosophical concepts like wu wei ("non-action") and emphasizes living harmoniously with nature. Taoism later developed into both philosophical and religious branches, with the religious branch focusing on rituals, deities, and practices like meditation and alchemy aimed at achieving immortality or spiritual transcendence.
The document summarizes a book that explores Islamic fundamentalism. It discusses how the book shows that fundamentalism is complex with many movements and interpretations. The book examines discourses by several fundamentalists to understand their concepts and arguments. It also analyzes what Islamic fundamentalists believe. The document then summarizes the book's thesis, which is that fundamentalism has evolved over two phases in history in response to failures by Muslims to adapt to modern changes and erosion of their values by non-Muslim influences. It discusses how the book presents different views of fundamentalist leaders on interpreting Islam in the modern context.
The history of Taoism stretches throughout Chinese history, originating in prehistoric China and exerting influence over Chinese culture through changing times. A key text was written by Lao Tse in 600 BC laying out Taoist topics. Taoism seeks to harmonize with the Tao, or natural flow of the universe, through concepts like wuwei (non-action) and developing virtues like compassion and humility. Taoism has provided alternative traditions to Confucianism in China and influenced practices like fortune-telling, martial arts, and meditation.
Friedrich Nietzsche was a controversial philosopher known for challenging prevailing moral philosophies and institutions of his time. He argued that a great culture requires artistic illusion, which science alone cannot provide. Nietzsche was skeptical that mankind can achieve absolute knowledge or truth through science, and believed illusion and art were necessary components of cultural greatness. His provocative style of writing was intended to shock readers into questioning widely held beliefs of 19th century Europe.
This document provides an overview of several Eastern religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. It describes their ancient origins, key beliefs, scriptures, and spread. It also discusses approaches to witnessing to Theravada Buddhists by finding common ground and lifting up Jesus Christ while discipling new converts.
Taoism is a Chinese philosophy and religion that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, which is the natural or divine order of the universe. It was founded by Laozi, who is associated with the Tao Te Ching, and developed from Chinese folk religions and philosophies. Taoism gained official status during the Tang Dynasty and influential Taoist texts include the Tao Te Ching and the Zhuangzi, while the Daozang serves as the Taoist canon.
Lao Tzu was the founding figure of Taoism in 6th century BC China. He authored the Tao Te Ching, which introduced main Taoist concepts like living in harmony with the Tao or "way," following one's natural instincts, and accepting the balance of yin and yang. Taoism started as a philosophy but became a religious faith focused on goodness, serenity, and respect. It has profoundly influenced Chinese culture by emphasizing connection to nature, holistic health practices, martial arts, and appreciation for the arts.
Shah Wali Ullah was an 18th century Islamic scholar, philosopher and reformer from India. He received a religious education from his father and also studied other subjects such as logic and philosophy. He went to Arabia for further Islamic studies and while there, had a vision. Shah Wali Ullah made significant contributions in the fields of hadith, jurisprudence, theology and translating the Quran. He emphasized ijtihad (independent reasoning) and was a great educationist who established madrasas and prepared syllabi for Islamic education.
Religious education in uzbekistan under sovietijejournal
It is imperative to identify and analyze the educational policies, embarked in Soviet Central Asia. This paper investigates the seven decades Communist rule in Muslim oriented Central Asia with a special focus to Islamic education policies and approaches. The Communist party serves as a seedbed of power not only in economics and politics but also in the realm of ideology and education. The interrogation and persecution on Religious education institutions, its carriers and scholars, Ulamas and believers clearly depicts the atheistic religious policy of soviets. Atheistic propaganda was intensified in the early 1920’s and 1930’s arbitrary arrests and execution took place to eliminate Muslim leaders who refused to cooperate
with the authorities. All Islamic schools (Maktabas and Madrassas) were closed and religious literature was confiscated. Inspite the approach of “drying them out” Islamic education survived in hujra (monastic cell) system of education.
The Doctrine of Allouddin Attor and Nakshbandiyaijtsrd
The article examines the activities of Alouddin Satori, the great ulema of the Naqshbandi sect, and the socio philosophical significance of his spiritual heritage. Rakhmatov Erkin Togaymurodovich "The Doctrine of Allouddin Attor and Nakshbandiya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47786.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47786/the-doctrine-of-allouddin-attor-and-nakshbandiya/rakhmatov-erkin-togaymurodovich
This document provides a summary of the history of the Batinids and their impact on the Seljuk state. It discusses how the Batinids originated from the Ismaili sect and were led by Hasan Sabbah, who established a base at the Alamut fortress in Iran. From there, the Batinids under Sabbah's leadership began targeting Seljuk leaders through assassination, aiming to destabilize the Seljuk Empire and spread their influence. The document examines the origins and rise of the Batinids in the context of religious and political conflicts between Sunni and Shia powers in the region during this time period.
This document provides a biography and overview of the political views of the 13th century Persian scholar Nasir al-Din Tusi. It discusses his early education under his father and other teachers, his extensive travels to study science, and his work as an advisor for rulers in the Mongol Empire. The document examines Tusi's views on public administration, comparing them to those of the philosopher Al-Farabi. It summarizes that Tusi advocated for reforms to strengthen the state, develop the economy, and ensure the well-being of citizens. He linked private property to income and argued the state should support private property owners.
Abstracts of the workshop, Interrogating Change: Central Asia between Timeles...Encyclopaedia Iranica
This workshop aims to reimagine Central Asia as an interconnected region by bringing together scholars from different disciplines to interrogate portrayals of the region as either timeless or vulnerable to external change. The workshop will feature three panels on topics related to Central Asia: the first on Persian literary influences; the second on environmental history and pastoral nomadism; and the third on academic and bureaucratic approaches to studying Islam in the region. Presenters will explore how indigenous concepts and practices in Central Asia have adapted to and shaped social and cultural life over time.
Shaikh-Ul Aalam (1377-1438 C.E) In Search of Ideal Society in Kashmir during ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Shaikh- ul Aalam the Alamdar of Kashmir was born towards the last quarter of the 14th century C.E and emerged as the cultural leader of the populace at a time when Kashmir was at the cross –roads of its socio-cultural and religio-political transition. In the backdrop of political uncertainty which witnessed the end of centuries of Hindu rule and the subsequent establishment of Muslim sultanate in Kashmir, there started arriving in Kashmir a long band of Muslim Religious missionaries who received exemplary patronage from the new Muslim political establishment. Secondly the unprivileged sections of Kashmiri society who happened to be annoyed by the caste-ridden Socio-religious fabric of Hindu society duly approved by unfriendly Brahman religious elite, showed marked signs for coming into the ambit of new social order.
Shaikh- ul Aalam played a significant role by exposing the exploitative machinations of caste-conscious Brahmans. For this purpose he used common Man’s language ‘Kashur’ to propagate his message to the common masses. In this paper I want to highlight those Shruks (verses, poetry) of shaikh -ul Aalam which provide the message and ideas for an ideal society free of casteism, injustice and irrelevant mass exploitation.
The document provides background information on the rise of Sufism and the Bhakti movement in medieval India. It discusses how the Sufi movement brought a new form of liberal religious expression within Islam that emphasized equality and universal love. Sufis formed mystical orders called silsilahs and used local languages to spread their message. The Bhakti movement similarly transformed Hinduism by introducing devotion and rejecting the caste system. The Sufi and Bhakti saints played an important role in promoting religious harmony between Muslims and Hindus in India.
This document provides an overview of Jewish, Islamic, and Christian philosophy. It discusses key figures and schools of thought in each tradition. For Jewish philosophy, it mentions Philo of Alexandria and Moses Maimonides. For Islamic philosophy, it outlines kalam and falsafa, and mentions Mutazilites. For Christian philosophy, it discusses figures from Hellenistic, medieval, and modern periods like Augustine, Aquinas, Descartes, and C.S. Lewis. The document thus serves as a high-level introduction to philosophical inquiry within these Abrahamic religious traditions.
Sufism is a mystical Islamic tradition that emphasizes divine love and a direct personal experience of God. In medieval India, Sufism was introduced through Persian influence beginning in the 8th century. Sufi mystics like the Chishti order established communities centered around spiritual masters and shrines. The Chishti order, beginning in the 13th century under figures like Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti and Nizamuddin Auliya, helped spread Sufism and Islam in India through an emphasis on tolerance, love, and harmony with local beliefs. The order established prominent shrines in Ajmer and Delhi that remain important pilgrimage sites today.
This document discusses the role of madrassahs (Islamic schools) in the development of science. It notes that madrassahs were the first higher education institutions in the world, emerging in Central Asia before European universities. The document discusses specific madrassahs in Samarkand and Bukhara, outlining their history, locations, education principles, and roles as centers of learning. It describes how madrassahs helped spur the "Eastern Renaissance" by training scholars in fields like theology, law, logic, and the sciences over many centuries.
1 The Religious Environment Worldview, Ritual, and Comm.docxjeremylockett77
1
The Religious Environment: Worldview,
Ritual, and Communal Status
Islam and Conversion
The process of conversion to Islam remains on the whole poorly studied
in either its social and historical, or affective and personal/psychologi-
cal, aspects. Despite the relatively recent and signal contributions of
Nehemiah Levtzion I and Richard Bulliet 2 who have advanced inno-
va tive classificatory, methodological, and analytical strategies in the
framework of comparative and more localized approaches toward
Islamization, the complex of problems associated with conversion to
Islam still has not drawn sufficient attention from specialists on all
"fronts" of Islamization to allow a synthetic treatment of conversion to
Islam from either a theoretical or historical perspective. 3 If old notions
of forced conversion and the choice of "Islam or the sword" have been
abandoned, at least in scholarly literature, little serious analytical work
I. See above all the volume Conversion to Islam, ed. Nehemia Levtzion (New YorklLondon:
Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979), and Levtzion's contributions therein, "Toward a Com-
parative Study of Islamization" (pp. 1-23) and "Patterns of Islamization in West Africa" (pp.
207-216), as well as his bibliography (pp. 247-265), in which Central and Inner Asia are pre-
dictably poorly represented; cf. also his "Conversion under Muslim Domination: A Comparative
Study," in Religious Change and Cultural Domination, ed. D. N. Lorenzen (Mexico City: El
Colegio de Mexico, 1981), pp. 19-38.
2. See his seminal work, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative
History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), and more recently his "Process and Status
in Conversion and Continuity," introducing Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian
Communities in Islamic Lands Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Michael Gervers and Ramzi
Jibran Bikhazi (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990), pp. 1-12, and his
"Conversion Stories in Early Islam" in the same volume (pp. 123-133).
3. For important theoretical considerations on conversion to Islam in historical surveys see,
for example, Marshall Hodgson's The Venture of Islam, vol. 2 (The Expansion of Islam in the
18 Islamization and Native Religion
has been done as a means of replacing older models and assumptions of
how Islam was adopted and appropriated in specific contexts; nor, in
general, have primary sources been tapped or reevaluated with an eye to
the particular issue of Islamization.
In the case of Inner Asia we are remarkably ill-served with regard to
studies of conversion to Islam; specialists on Islam in sub-Saharan Africa
and on South Asian Islam4 for instance, have recognized the importance
of conversion as a historical and religious issue in their respective
regions, and their studies are often models for approaches to Islamization
in Central and Inner Asia. But to date the study of conver ...
1 The Religious Environment Worldview, Ritual, and Comm.docxaulasnilda
1
The Religious Environment: Worldview,
Ritual, and Communal Status
Islam and Conversion
The process of conversion to Islam remains on the whole poorly studied
in either its social and historical, or affective and personal/psychologi-
cal, aspects. Despite the relatively recent and signal contributions of
Nehemiah Levtzion I and Richard Bulliet 2 who have advanced inno-
va tive classificatory, methodological, and analytical strategies in the
framework of comparative and more localized approaches toward
Islamization, the complex of problems associated with conversion to
Islam still has not drawn sufficient attention from specialists on all
"fronts" of Islamization to allow a synthetic treatment of conversion to
Islam from either a theoretical or historical perspective. 3 If old notions
of forced conversion and the choice of "Islam or the sword" have been
abandoned, at least in scholarly literature, little serious analytical work
I. See above all the volume Conversion to Islam, ed. Nehemia Levtzion (New YorklLondon:
Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1979), and Levtzion's contributions therein, "Toward a Com-
parative Study of Islamization" (pp. 1-23) and "Patterns of Islamization in West Africa" (pp.
207-216), as well as his bibliography (pp. 247-265), in which Central and Inner Asia are pre-
dictably poorly represented; cf. also his "Conversion under Muslim Domination: A Comparative
Study," in Religious Change and Cultural Domination, ed. D. N. Lorenzen (Mexico City: El
Colegio de Mexico, 1981), pp. 19-38.
2. See his seminal work, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative
History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), and more recently his "Process and Status
in Conversion and Continuity," introducing Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian
Communities in Islamic Lands Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Michael Gervers and Ramzi
Jibran Bikhazi (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990), pp. 1-12, and his
"Conversion Stories in Early Islam" in the same volume (pp. 123-133).
3. For important theoretical considerations on conversion to Islam in historical surveys see,
for example, Marshall Hodgson's The Venture of Islam, vol. 2 (The Expansion of Islam in the
18 Islamization and Native Religion
has been done as a means of replacing older models and assumptions of
how Islam was adopted and appropriated in specific contexts; nor, in
general, have primary sources been tapped or reevaluated with an eye to
the particular issue of Islamization.
In the case of Inner Asia we are remarkably ill-served with regard to
studies of conversion to Islam; specialists on Islam in sub-Saharan Africa
and on South Asian Islam4 for instance, have recognized the importance
of conversion as a historical and religious issue in their respective
regions, and their studies are often models for approaches to Islamization
in Central and Inner Asia. But to date the study of conver.
This document discusses the role of contemporary Islamic movements towards social and political changes of modernity. It summarizes that contemporary Islamic movements emerged in response to Western colonialism and domination, the negative effects of modernization, and the failure of secular ideologies. The movements aim to reestablish an authentic Islamic society based on the Quran and hadith. Notable 19th-20th century Islamic thinkers like Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, and Muhammad Rashid Rida advocated Islamic reform and responding to modern challenges through ijtihad (independent reasoning). Their ideas influenced later Islamic revivalist movements.
Provisional program with full abstracts of the conference on Shia minorities ...Encyclopaedia Iranica
The conference brings together researchers working on Shia minorities outside of the so-called “Muslim heartland” (North Africa, Middle East, Central and South Asia). The conference focuses on Shia minorities in Western and Eastern Europe, North and South America, Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia that emerged out of migration from the Middle East and South Asia in the 20th and 21st centuries, in particular. The papers presented at the conference offer unique comparative insights into Shia minorities in a variety of contexts across the globe. The conference is organised by the new Chester Centre for Islamic Studies and held in conjunction with a research project on transnational Shia networks that operate between Britain and the Middle East, funded by the Gerda Henkel Foundation.
For more information, see: http://www.chester.ac.uk/node/35376.
To register or further queries, email ccis@chester.ac.uk.
This document discusses the role of linguistic theory in countering violent extremism in the context of political Islam and the Arab-Islamic discourse. It argues that ongoing conflicts in the Middle East are centered around debates over how much Islam should structure societies and governance. It analyzes this issue from the perspectives of medieval Islamic scholars, modern philosophers of language, and suggests that promoting rigorous instruction in Islamic exegetical traditions combined with modern linguistic theory could help prevent violent extremism by addressing the existential crisis felt by many Muslims in the post-colonial era.
The importance of Mirzo Ulugbek madrassah in developing the system of educati...SubmissionResearchpa
This article describes the education system at the Mirzo Ulugbek madrasah. The author lists the disciplines taught in the eastern education system and madrassa. Famous teachers of the Mirzo Ulugbek madrassah, textbooks written by them, are classified in the madrasahs taught by Shamsiddim Muhammad, a scholar Tojiyeva , X. 2020. The importance of Mirzo Ulugbek madrassah in developing the system of education in its time. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 2 (Feb. 2020), 30-33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i2.7 Pdf Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/7/7 Paper Url : https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/7
Mysticism and Literature: A Study on the Aesthetics of Devotional Music and P...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we examine the philosophical underpinnings of sufism, its historical development,
and the aesthetics of sufi music. The works of Sufi poets like Rumi, Hafiz, Bulleh Shah, Amir Khusrow, and
Khwaja Ghulam Farid served as inspiration for Sufi devotional music. The Whirling Dervishes' Sama ritual
likewise emphasizes music heavily. According to the Sufi school of thought, this music is food for the soul.
Typically, they take place in front of a head or other significant member of the Sufi hierarchy who is meant to
have easy access to the performance that is being planned in a particular shrine of a well-known Sufi. In general,
it may be said that the aesthetic quality of devotional music depends on its capacity to induce a state of altered
awareness in both performers and listeners. Devotional music enables experience beyond the liminal border of
the physical world within a freshly developed awareness. The spiritual aesthetic required to achieve the
objectives of Sufi music is created by the interaction of symbols and metaphors from the genre, local religious
belief and cosmology, as well as the natural and manmade settings.
Key Words: Sufi Music, Alternative Aestheticism, Sama, Sufi Poets, Devotional Music
The period in which ghazali lived: the socio-political situation and the spir...SubmissionResearchpa
The article analyzes the period of Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, the socio-political situation in the caliphate, the spiritual life and scientific activity of the thinker, as well as the ideas and mystical works that influenced the formation of his ideological, political, cultural and moral views. by Qodirov Davronbek Hoshimovich 2020. The period in which ghazali lived: the socio-political situation and the spiritual environment. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 9 (Sep. 2020), 108-111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i9.597. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/597/580 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/597
This summary provides a high-level overview of the key events and developments in early Islamic history outlined in the document's chronology:
- The birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 570 CE and major events in his life including the Hijra in 622 which marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
- The rapid expansion of the Muslim empire through military conquests under the first three caliphs - Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman - reaching as far as Egypt and Persia by the mid-7th century.
- The rise of sectarian divisions and power struggles following the death of the Prophet, culminating in the assassination of Uthman in 656 and the Battle
This document summarizes the development of Islamic reformism in Thailand. It discusses how Islam originally syncretized with local beliefs when it arrived in Southeast Asia. It then describes how Islamic reformist ideas originating in the Middle East in the 18th-19th centuries were introduced to Thailand in the early 20th century by an Indonesian political refugee named Ahmad Wahab. Wahab established the first Islamic reform group in Thailand and began propagating reformist ideology. One of his students, Direk Kulsiriswasd, became a central figure in the reform movement and worked to translate Islamic texts to spread awareness of true Islamic principles to Thai Muslims. The reform movement aimed to purify Islam of non-Islamic folk beliefs and
Similar to XVI Century Representatives Of Sufism In Central Asia And Analysis Of Sources (20)
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central...SubmissionResearchpa
The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Sut...SubmissionResearchpa
Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov's book "A Brief Essay on the Internal Situation of the Kokand Khanate Before the Russian Invasion", published in the Turkestan press, provides valuable information on the history of Kokand. In particular, it reflects governance, traditional education, the judicial system and the military situation in the last days of the khanate by Rakhimjanova Nigora Kudratillaevna 2020. The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 68-70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.915 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915/863 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915
Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mu...SubmissionResearchpa
Despite the rapid development of dentistry and advances in the prevention of diseases of the maxillofacial region, implantology, and the treatment of dental diseases, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable orthopedic structures of dentures remains high, and only increases with age, due to the increasing rate of aging. society of the planet (M.Yu. Ogorodnikov, 2007; V.I.Shemonaev, 2012; E.S. Kalivradzhiyan, 2013; E.A.Zholudev, 2014; CE. Bragin, 2014; L.D. Veisheim, 2014). Among the reasons for the high demand for orthopedic treatment with removable dentures, the leading position is still held by insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity, untimely access of patients to the dentist. In addition, an important role is played by the problem of imperfection of materials and technologies used for the manufacture of dentures, leading to a deterioration in the condition of the dentition by A.Kh. Zhumaev 2020. Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mucosa of the oral cavity in the new conditions of functioning. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 61-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.913 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913/861 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913
The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakal...SubmissionResearchpa
Socio-cultural activity as a process of active development, dissemination and creation of cultural values is ultimately focused on the formation of the cultural environment of human life, the elaboration of mechanisms for its socialization, enculturation and self-realization, the creation of methodological directions for the development of spiritual interests and requirements of people in order to realize the essential forces and capabilities of each person by Ahimbetova Gulbahar Kanatbaevna 2020. The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakalpakstan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 56-60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.912 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912/860 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912
International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and develop...SubmissionResearchpa
This document discusses the current state and development prospects of international commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan. It provides a brief history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since independence and outlines key developments like establishing the Tashkent International Arbitration Center in 2018. The document also analyzes Uzbekistan's arbitration laws like the new Law on International Commercial Arbitration passed in 2020 based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. While progress has been made, the document notes there are still some inconsistencies between arbitration laws and civil/economic procedure codes that need to be addressed to further develop the arbitration system in Uzbekistan.
Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their...SubmissionResearchpa
One of the ways to change the physicochemical properties of diesel fuels is to add so-called additives to it. The purpose of this work is to obtain higher fatty alcohols and the use of qualitatively new imported - substituted additives, synthesized on the basis of the use of local secondary raw materials, which is increases their efficiency by Fozilov Hasan Sadriddin Ugli 2020. Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their useage as lubricating additives for diesel fuels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 44-46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.910 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910/858 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910
Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in NigeriaSubmissionResearchpa
The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 1-6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.902 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902/853 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902
This document discusses adult basic education in the 21st century. It notes that globalization has led to high unemployment globally as many individuals lack skills required for the modern economy. Adult basic education is needed to provide fundamental education, entrepreneurship training, and computer skills to help adults gain skills for additional training opportunities. Literacy is also connected to environmental protection and development. A new paradigm for adult basic education in the 21st century must prepare adults for the knowledge-based economy through various skills programs.
This article provides valuable information about the genres of Uyghur folk singing. The article also provides a detailed overview of the Uyghur musical heritage, which speaks to the ancient history of Uygur music culture. by Muyassarkhon Achildiyeva and Dilafruz Madalieva 2020. Uyghur folk singing genre. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 222-226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.923. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923/871 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923
The term cerebral palsy has been around for more than a century, and the disease itself has probably existed without a name throughout human history. However, despite its long history, there is still no unity in views on this issue. by O. E. Idiev 2020. Infantile cerebral palsy and dental anomalies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 212-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.921. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921/869 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921
An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent educati...SubmissionResearchpa
This article provides recommendations for the organization of methodological services based on innovative approaches that affect the quality of education in general and special education institutions. by Mahmudova Madinahon Sobirkhonovna 2020. An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent education of future defectologists. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 210-211. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.920. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920/868 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920
The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip j...SubmissionResearchpa
Endoprosthesis replacement-operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint are analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computed tomography. At presurgical stage the main objective was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computed tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis replacement. by Janibekov J. J 2020. The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip joint before and after endoprosthetics. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 203-205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.918. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918/866 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918
Proverbs are one of the oldest popular genres of Uzbek folklore, which reflects the worldview, attitude to society and moral norms of the people. In this article, spiritual and idealistic features of proverbs are elucidated and salient examples from masterpieces are given. by Kodirova Saodat Abdurakhimovna 2020. Idealistic study of proverbs. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 201-202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.888. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888/843 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888
Positive and negative features of mythological images in the epics “Beowulf” ...SubmissionResearchpa
At the time of what is considered primitive today, our ancestors were a hundred times more poets than we are. Thousands of years ago, the way of thinking of our ancestors was in the form of “poetic observation”: they accepted their life and everything in nature as a symbol of their imaginary concepts. At that time it was understood that the sky, water, greenery, sun, moon, light and darkness had a soul; the day was replaced by night, and the struggle between good and evil was thought to be over. by More Citation Formats https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887/842 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887
This article discusses theoretical considerations about the production and sale process in the automotive industry. On this way, the way makes analyses both theorirical and practical analyses as the whole. In conlcusion, this makes emphesis on outcomes and shortcomings of the processes of production and implementation. by Nabiev Muzaffar Abdumalikovich 2020. Special three processes of production and implementation. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 190-191. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.885. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885/841 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/885
This research corresponds to the priority of the development of science and technology of the republic. "Spiritual and moral, cultural development of a democratic and legal society, the formation of an innovative economy." The research is carried out within the framework of the research plan of the Navoi State Pedagogical Institute. The main results of the study will be tested in the activities of pedagogical institutes, including students of Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, as well as in the 1st academic lyceum in Navoi and the 2nd academic lyceum under Navoi State Mining Institute. by Usmonova Lola Mallaevna 2020. Improving traditional methods of teaching chemistry. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 187-190. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.883. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883/840 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/883
The artistic interpretation of the human spirit in a work of art is analyzed on the example of the works of later years. The article focuses on the analysis of the heartache, the contradictions in the inner world, based on the story of the fugitive Norqobil, which describes the realities of the Afghan war. During the analysis, the influence of time and environment on the occurrence of conflicts in the human heart was highlighted. by Nasirov Azimiddin Normamatovich 2020. Expression of spiritual experiences in art. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 181-182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.881. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881/838 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/881
Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake; by Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna 2020. Natural emergencies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 170-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878/835 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878
Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatmentSubmissionResearchpa
The document discusses causes of intolerance to dental materials used in orthopedic treatment. It outlines several reasons for intolerance, including reactions to metals like nickel, cobalt, and chromium in prosthetics, poor oral hygiene, and galvanism from electrochemical interactions between dissimilar metals. Symptoms of intolerance include irritation, swelling, and inflammation of the oral mucosa. The document also examines allergic reactions to dental materials and their various clinical manifestations. Overall, the document reviews sources of intolerance to different dental materials and potential signs and symptoms that patients may experience.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
XVI Century Representatives Of Sufism In Central Asia And Analysis Of Sources
1. International Journal on Integrated Education
e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
Volume 2, Issue II, May-June 2019 |54
XVI Century Representatives Of Sufism In Central Asia
And Analysis Of Sources
Jalilov Mirsaid Bektosh ugli
History Faculty, 3rd year student, Navai state pedagogical institute, Uzbekistan
E-mail: jalilov-1995@inbox.ru
ABSTRACT
This article reveals the mythology of Sufi sects in Central Asia in the XVI century, the content and essence of
mysticism, as well as its role in the socio-political life of society and the state. The article also analyzes the
work of “Lamahot”, one of the rare sources reflecting the life and activity of famous Central Asian
representatives of the yassavian sect, as well as its importance in studying the history of mysticism.
Keywords: mysticism, sect, sets, Akhmad Yassavi, Tarki secularism, manual sources, Fiqh, history. Hadith,
Sheikh and murid, socio-political life.
1. INTRODUCTION
A number of conferences and conferences on studying the historical heritage of our scientists and
showing its role and importance in the development of world civilization are organized in the following
years in our republic. Studying the life and creativity of medieval eastern scientists and assessing its role
and role in the history of the world is one of the most important issues of today. In particular, on May 15-
16, 2014, the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan was elected as the first president of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.The A.At the International Conference “the historical heritage of medieval eastern scientists
and thinkers, its role and significance in the development of modern civilization” organized in Samarkand
on the initiative of Karimov, it was also mentioned that the purpose of the conference is to deeply discuss
and understand the scientific heritage of the great scientists and thinkers who lived in the world of the
East
The doctrine of mysticism, which is considered an integral part of the Islamic religion, has taken a
special position in the life of society in the consolidation, promotion of religion, the development of
Islamic sciences. By the XVI centuries, the doctrine of mysticism developed at a high level in the entire
Islamic world, especially in Central Asia, and began to play an important role in the socio-political and
spiritual life of the country. Representatives of yassavia (XII century), Kubrovia (XIII century) and
Khodjagon-Naqshbandia (XII century), which came into existence in Central Asia, took part in the socio-
political life and gained special respect of some heads of State. It should be noted that these sects are
distinguished by their desire to adapt Islamic traditions to local customs and culture in the course of their
development, as well as to lead in political life.
2. MAIN PART
Mysticism is a doctrine with evolutionary development, appeared in the Islamic world in the middle of
the VIII century, initially with the appearance of asceticism (khilvatnishin, piety). Muhammad(peace be
upon him)the A.C) the division within the Muslim community after death occurs and the Caliph Osman
(646-656) gets escalated to put the lipstick on wealth by the time. By the time of the Ummah caliphate,
however, the palace sought to collect hashams, sumptuous ornaments, gold-silver diving, Hazina. That is,
this situation caused the discontent of the e'tiqad people, who preferred the fulfillment of religious duties
above all worldly works, riches. Among them were the mukhaddis, the Hadeeth-takb, the poor from the
hook, and the companions who did not pay attention to housing and property. While one part of this
protected religion and jumped into an open fight, the second part promoted the idea of tarkidunyuism as a
sign of discontent with the morality of the palace people and the rich, taking contentment and zuhd as the
main goal (which came from the word“Zahid”), completely deviating from social activity and engaged in
chronic worship. Sufism first appeared in the common areas of Islamic religion, such as Kufa, Baghdad,
Basra, Egypt, and by the XI–XII centuries in Central Asia there were independent yassavia, Kubra,
2. International Journal on Integrated Education
e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
Volume 2, Issue II, May-June 2019 |55
Khodjagon-Naqshbandia sects. Mysticism has long served to enrich the spirituality of our people. The
spiritual and moral purification of man, his ascension with divine love is the main idea of this doctrine.
Therefore, mysticism found its way into the hearts of people who walked in the demand for truth,
summing up the ideas of humanism, expressing people's dreams about purity, eternal life, freedom of
heart. Our people, through respect for the SA ' darwahs, have declared their faith in Allah, in the power
that he has glorified man and in the futuha of fayzu. The caroms, words and siyratu image of the sheiks
were accepted as an example of high morality and divine inevitability. Sufi sheikhs made a worthy
contribution to the development of social, economic and cultural life by coming out on the field as
spiritual and spiritual reinforcements of the people.
It is important to study this doctrine from a historical point of view, to study the life and activities of
famous Sheikh. The theoretical views that have existed so far have also been generalized on the basis of
memories, narratives and stories about the sheikhs.
In the Middle Ages, mysticism in Central Asian society was manifested as a specific ideological
factor, having a strong influence on traditions and Customs. At the same time, this doctrine is extremely
complex and multifaceted, and different eras have undergone certain changes as a result of socio-political
views.
The doctrine of Central Asian mysticism is directly related to the name of the famous thinker Sheikh
Khoja Yusuf Hamadani (1048-1141). His descendants Khoja Ahmad Yassavi and Abdukh Ghijduvani
(death 1179)later founded two independent sects: Yassavi-Jahri and Khodagon – Naqshbandia. And in
Khorezm appeared independently Kubravia sect of Najmiddin Kubro (1145-1221), famous for the title of
“valiytarash”.
These sects spread widely throughout Central Asia and gained a solid status. In addition,
information about the activities of the sheikhs belonging to the qadirian sect is also mentioned in the
researches and works of many scholars devoted to Sufi sects. This sect of Sufism was founded by
Abdulkadir Jilani (1077-1166) in Iraq in the 12th game, and according to this sect no separate way was
established, which was considered mandatory for murshids. In terms of their views, they belong to
Sunnism and consist of hymns aimed at the order of reading verses and Sura, Zikr Adadi, Piru Murshid.
By the XVI centuries in Central Asia, the yassavian sect also rose to its high peak. During this
period, many followers and famous representatives of this sect have grown. It is known that the murshids
of the yassavi sect, along with the conquest of the general status(degrees)of all sects (Sharia, sect, truth),
also followed specific laws. Especially in the practice of this sect, it was important to say words and
prayers out loud, that is, in an Jahri style. Therefore, this doctrine is called "Yassavia-jahriya".
As in other traditions, the yassaviyya sect has written several treatises and works in order to
develop its foundations, to define the duties of purgatory, and to spread divine truths between the hands.
One of such rare sources is the work “Lamahot min nafahot ul-Quds” (dialects from the sacred whistles),
written by the Prophet Alim Sheikh in 1033 BC and 1624 BC, and several copies of the manuscript are
now stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of
Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
This work is the main source providing extensive and detailed information about the life and
activities of the Yassawi sheikhs, reflecting information that is not available in other sources related to the
life, activities and great khissasi of Qasim Sheikh Azizan, one of the most famous representatives of
Sufism of the XVI century and Sheikh Khudaidod. The author of the work, Hadrat Alim Sheikh, was also
one of the representatives of the yassawi sect and was one of the close successors of Sheikh Khudaidod,
one of the famous representatives of this sect. In Sharafuddin Roqimi's work " history Tomme“, too,
emphasizing that this source is reliable, the scientist Sheikh (Jerusalem sirruhu) correctly wrote the status
of ul Zot (Sheikh)in his classifications”Kitabi lamahot”.
The work is briefly referred to as “Lamahot” among the broad scientific community. Source one
of the famous yassavi sheikhs belongs to the pen of Muhammad Alim Sheikh Azizan Ibn Ma'min Sheikh
Ibn Darvesh Sheikh Azizan. He is Abu Bakr Siddiq by his ancestral aspect (R.a) GA, and from the
mother's side to Alevi(that is, Ali(R.a)The Children of Bibi Fatima, who were born from other women) go
away. Yassavi tariqati sets of the lamahot work, representing its history, its ideas, as well as
representatives of the sect is one of the important sources on life and activities of the Sufi scholar
E.Karimov also mentions in his studies.
Muhammad scientist Sheikh Movarounnahr was born in a period of mutual struggle for central
power, that is, 1564 year in the city of Tashkent. In 1582, the city of Tashkent was occupied by Shaybani
Abdullahan II and the father of the scientist Sheikh moved with his family to the theme of "Aliabad" of
Samarkand. About this in the century of “Khujjat ul-zakirin" is quoted as follows:“...In the Tashkent
region there was discord, they (the scientist Sheikh)visited the people of the Muslim Sheikh family with
the people of Aliabad, where they were in the Office of Mevlana Ismatullah.” The scientist also gives
information about his ancestors and relatives in the work of Sheikh “Lamahot” and brings it in the
following sequence: “Muhammad scientist Siddiqiy Alawiy Ibn Mu'min Sheikh, Ibn Darwesh Sheikh, Ibn
3. International Journal on Integrated Education
e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
Volume 2, Issue II, May-June 2019 |56
Sheikh Khovand (nickname Sarimast), Ibn Fathulla Sheikh, Ibn Qibbatullu Sheikh, Ibn Fathullah Sheikh,
Ibn Sheikh Tajiddin, Ibn Sheikh Aloviddin, Ibn pole ul-aktab Zaynuddin (Kohi Orifon), Ibn
Shaykhulislom Abu Hefs shakhabuddin suxravardiy. Shahabuddin Suxrawardi with thirteen means Abu
Bakr Siddiq(R.the A.) connects to. The grandfather of the scientist Sheikh by mother is Hofiz Tashkandiy
(Sultan Muhammad Tashkandiy), according to the author, he is from the wise generation of the Sufi
Muhammad. Sa'fi Muhammad and Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah bless him and grant him
peace)a)connects to the offspring”. In his work, the scientist Sheikh also mentioned Hafiz Tashkandiy
with great respect.
By the father of the scientist Sheikh, grandfather Dervish Sheikh (WAF. 1551-52y.) yassavi was
one of the close successors of Shaykh Khudoydad of karmanali and was popular among the people of the
sect living in Tashkent and Samarkand. According to some sources, Pirmuhammadkhon(1556-1561), a
member of the sheybanid dynasty, participated in his meetings. Dervish Sheikh was on the Irshad masnad
in Aliabad, the scientist Sheikh wrote that the Dervish Sheikh restored a large mosque in Tashkent, a pool
and a garden in the Sheikh Khudaidad mosque, this pool has been preserved to this day and is being used
by pilgrims. Sheikh Azizun, a scientist who perfectly mastered such Sciences as Fiqh, method, Tafsir,
Hadith, history, mysticism, was one of the famous people of his time and was awarded the title “scientist
BA hammai Ulum”(the owner of all sciences). The following information presented in the work of Abu
Tahirkho'ja “Samaria " also confirms our opinion: “I am a Muslim."..The teacher of the scientist Sheikh
Azizon is Pirim Sheikh Azizon, and the person is the Murid of the karmanalik Qasim Sheikh Azizon.
Qasim Sheikh Azizan was the caliph of mawlono Ali Azizan, the disciple of Sheikh Khudaidad Azizan.
These sets are connected to Khoja Ahmet Yassavi, Sultan of the sect. Haja Ahmad Yassavi's sect sets in
Central Asia (appendix No. 1)
As the successor of the XV century to the XVI century, the Sheikh Khudaidad Vali yassavi sect
reached the level of the famous Piri of his time, after which he headed about 50 murids. Representatives
of this sect from Khoja Ahmad Yassavi to XVI century in the Central Asian region are considered to be
sufsunos H.Islamov will also come in his studies.
During the reign of Imam Azizan the great scholar Sheikh Bahodurkhon was a'lam in
Samarkand and gained fame as imam of his imams. He restores the high Khanaqah on the south-west side
of the Mirzo Ulugbek Madrasah, but unfortunately it has not been preserved to this day. In addition, the
author of the work “Samaria” mentions that the scientist Sheikh built a mosque, a synagogue and a
madrasah on the theme of Aliabad, and the rest of these buildings existed even in the XIX century.
Scientist Sheikh Azizon gives strong evidence of the greatness of the choriors in the book “Dar refusals
sect Shia” and in the work against the ideas of the Shia sect. His death date is the origin of the word “Fahr
ul-Islam” in the account of abjad, as Abu Tahirkhoja said, in the case of Hijri 1041/1631-32 years. The
above information is provided by The Scientist Sheikh Azizon from ashtarkhani khukmdors
Imamkulikhon(1611-1642y.) shows its activity in social, political, economic, cultural life. It is noted in
the sources that the scientist Sheikh Azizan Piri tried to be close in all respects to Sheikh Khudaidad and
took Sheikh Khudaid's granddaughter for her marriage on violation.
As a scholar Sheikh Azizan Murshidi, he worked both theoretically and practically, together with
writing works on the issues of jurisprudence and sect, he also prepared shogirdas. In particular, his non-
father, Mawlono Oxund, Khoja Abdurashid, Khoja Fatkhullah Azizagiy, Muhammad Salih Urganjiy,
Mawlono Usman, Mawlono Sayyid Muhammad Sharif, Khoja Fazl, Mawlono Hussein Farokhiy, Hussein
Sheikh Azizan, Abdurrafi Azizan Turkistani, Mawlono Muhammad Otrari, Mawlono Ibrahim Turkistani,
Muhammad Amin O'ratepagi are mentioned as shogird and followers you know what? The scientist
Sheikh Azizan was also an important ring in the yassawian sect of his time, after which many famous
representatives, who developed this sect in Central Asia, took an important place in the search for the
socio-political life of the country in his time.
In addition to the works with the above names, the scientist Sheikh Azizon wrote a work called
“Risolai manoqib”, which was included in the composition of the Saint-Peterbugr edition of “Lamahot”.
The author emphasizes that in exchange for the work he received it in pencil with the spiritual sign of
Khoja Ahmad Yassavi. In a dream, he sees himself sitting on the shoulders of Ahmad Yassavi in a state
where he speaks of enlightenment to the people. Then one of the poles of that period nogoh said “Hoy,
cynical!“it is okay to speak of enlightenment even if you go out on your shoulders - " while Ahmed
Yassavi-that will rebuke him!"the scientist permits Sheikh Azizan. After this event, the author begins to
write a work for the opponents” Khoja Ahmad Yassavi, whose companions will do until the end of the
day about their gloomy habits." At the same time, the scientist Sheikh Azizan notes that at the end of the
work there was also grace and sign from the Prophet alaihissalom to write a book about the shaykhs of
Yassawi.
This work also has a genre and structure characteristic of agiographic works. In particular,
Miklukho Maklay also does this in his research practically not differ from agiographic works (manoqib)
4. International Journal on Integrated Education
e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
Volume 2, Issue II, May-June 2019 |57
in terms of the structure of the work “Lamahot”. It is possible to compare it with the work “Rashohot ain-
ul-Hayat”, dedicated to the life and work of Representatives of the Hojagon-Naqshbandiya sect.
The work” lamahot“consists of two chapters (”goal").
Chapter One deals with the meaning of” permissible and mustahabligi bayonida by way of Jahr“,
in which there are mainly verses and hadiths proving the compliance of Jahr with the Sharia, as well as
evidence from other works such as” Quran Karim“,” Al-Kashshaf“,” Jome 'as-Sahih“,” Fatwoi
Tatarkhaniya“,” Mushkati Sharif", which are related to Islamic sciences.
Chapter Two is devoted to the “statement of habits and Wills of members of the Jahri (yassawi)
series”. In this part, the events related to the mashayihs of yassavia, which were life in the author's time
from the founder of the sect Khoja Ahmad Yassavi to the author, are told. In particular, information on
the life and activity of many sheikhs belonging to this series is presented, among which the author was
personally familiar and interlocutor with the majority of his contemporaries. The work not only tells
about Yassavia, but also about the history of other sects, their essence, the murshids of Piru. It also makes
it possible to restore the ancient toponym names of many historical themes that existed on the territory of
Central Asia. The events and narratives of the events presented in the game are strengthened through
Hadiths and filled with personal thoughts of the author.
The source traditionally begins with the statement of the life and activities of the founder of
yassaviyi tariqati Khoja Ahmad Yassavi. The author concludes the work with a detailed description of
the history of his descendants, Darvesh Sheikh, Muslim Sheikh azizans and Piru Masters Qasim Sheikh
and Pirim Sheikh Azizans. Scientist Sheikh Azizon in the source tries to give more and more detailed
information about the life of Sheikh Khudaidad Vali-his activities, his followers, than other
representatives of the sect. This situation can be explained by the fact that during the period when the
author lived, Sheikh Khudoydad Vali, the sphere of influence was strong, as well as the scientist Sheikh
Azizon himself considered him to be a scoundrel. At the same time, the work attaches great importance to
the conversations held between Khwarizmi Khwarizmi, the famous leader of the Hojagon-Naqshbandiya
sect, Mahdumi member Dahbedi, Sheikh Khudoydad Vali and the representative of the Kubrovia sect,
Sheikh Mahdumi.
In lamahot, the author also cites some interesting narratives related to the practice of the sect of
Ahmad Yassawi, which are distinguished by the fact that they are not found in other sources. In
particular, Ahmad Yassawi did not allow individuals who did not enter the path of the sect during the fall
and did not go through certain stages to participate. This situation was explained by the negative impact
of the murids and murshids participating in the gathering on their spiritual status. After the season
dedicated to Ahmad Yassavi, the author named the representatives of this leech with such names as
“silsilai sufiyai zakiyai jahriya”, “silsilai sharifai oliyai zakiyai”, “silsilai zakiyai sufiyai fakriya”, "Hakim
Baba, Su' Muhammad wise, Kubbi Khoja, Baba Mochin, Zangi father, Uzun Hasan father, Sayyid father,
Badr father, Cedar brings narratives and stories related to such individuals as father, Master Ismail father,
master Isaac father. The author also provides important information about contemporary sheikhs such as
Mawlono Ismatullah, Sheikh Jamaliddin, Sheikh Khudaidd, Darwesh Sheikh, Mawlono Khushmad
Azizan, Tahir Muhammad Sheikh, Muhammad Sheikh, Qanbar Sheikh, Malono Vali Kohizarriniy, Qasim
Sheikh, Pirim Sheikh, Fazil Sheikh.
In the game, such concepts as fakr, trust, contemplation, will, futuvvat, Ishq, takfiya, Zikr,
mathematics, Ilmi laduniy, Fano, tavhid, Bako, which are the main concepts and conditions of mysticism,
are widely interpreted and bring forth from the thoughts of the sect priests.
Lamahot has a lot of historical facts about the relations of Sheikh and ruler, King and Dervish,
which are of great importance in studying the socio-political activities of representatives of the yassavian
sect. In particular, the spiritual service of Ahmad Yassavi in the reign of Movarounnahr of
Shahbekhan(Shaybaniyhan), and as a result of this respect and reverence towards Ahmad Yassavi in
Shaybaniyhan, Mirzo Babur, Abulkhayrhan, Ubaydullahan, Javonmard Alihan, Sultan Ahmad Mirzo,
Amir Baqi(Boki Tarhan-Bukhoro khokimi), Kistankara Sultan, Baba Sultan, Shahim Kochi, information
on the close relations of rulers such as barakhon(Navruz Ahmad), pirmuhammad, Iskenderkhon,
Abdullahan II, abdullatifkhon with the Shaykhs of Yassavia, as well as the events that took place in their
time are very widely covered, from this, the introduction of a statement of unknown events of that time
serves as valuable information for our scientists.
In conclusion, we can say that the work “Lamahot” by Muhammad Alim as-Siddiquy is not only the
yassavi sheikhs operating in the Bukhara Khanate of the XVI century, but also one of the important
historical sources reflecting the history of Sufi sects in Central Asia, the life and activity of major
Representatives, their participation in socio-political and cultural processes.
The work presents many historical facts about the life and activities of Sheikh Khudoydad, one of
the famous Sheikh who lived in the XVI century and Sheikh Qasim and other Sheikh who lived in the
lower Zarafshan Oasis, which directly plays an important role in studying the socio - political and
spiritual activities of these Sheikh. The lamahot work is also of great importance in the study of Sheikh-
5. International Journal on Integrated Education
e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
Volume 2, Issue II, May-June 2019 |58
Murid, Sheikh-ruler relations related to the sect of yassawi, in the understanding of the conditions of the
sheikhs, sect etiquette, fakr, Fano, the mystery of spiritual perfection and their ways.
The work of Muhammad Alim as-Siddiqui “Lamahot " is one of the main sources reflecting the
traditions of the yassawi sect, which plays an important role in the study of the history of the sect. The
work is valuable in that it gives information about the life and activities of persons from the first
representatives of the sheikhs of Yassavia to the beginning of the XVII century;
The information presented in the book of Muhammad Alim Sheikh and not found in other sources
allows us to have a more accurate idea of the religious, political, social and economic situation of Central
Asia in the late 15th century. At the same time, detailed information about karmanalik Sheikh Khudoydad
Vali and Qasim Sheikh, one of the largest representatives of the yassavid sect, is given in this resource,
which will directly be the basis for studying the role and role of the yassavid sheiks in the life of society;
The author of” lamahot " brings many historical figures belonging to the sect of yassavia with the names
of the place where the date of birth, the date of death, is located in the grave. Also in the game three
historical names of mountains and valleys related to the geography of Central Asia. This information also
serves as a valuable resource for the science of toponymy;
From the information on the activities of representatives of Central Asian mysticism,
whose names are mentioned in the game and their sets in the sect, it becomes clear that the scientist
Sheikh Azizon and other representatives of the sect named above are also important rings of their time in
the series of the sect of yassawia, after which many famous representatives who developed this sect.
3. CONCLUTION
Today, as one of the components of our rich historical spiritual heritage, we try to harmoniously educate
the citizens of the secular society, relying on many requirements of mysticism, to form in them such
spiritual qualities as decency, humanity, honesty, purity, modesty, justice, integrity and piety. The
doctrine of mysticism about the “hilarity of the bite”, that is, the honesty of the bite, also holds an
important place today, in the period when it aims to educate people with high spiritual perfection, urging
people to be honest, pure, conscientiously to work.
REFERENCES
Flavell JH (1963). The developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget. New York: Van Nostrand.
Flavell JH (1977). Cognitive development. Engllewood cliffs, NJ:Prentice – Hall.
Hertherington, E.M and Parke, R.D (1975) child Psychology: A contemporary viewpoint. New York :
MCGraw Hill.
Anita W (2004) Educational Psychology. The Ohio state university Pearson Education, Inc.
Elkind D (1969). Developmental studies of figurative perceptions in L.P Lipsitt and H.W Reege (Eds)
Advances in child development and behavior Vol. 4 New York: Academic Press.
Meyer WJ, Dusek JB (1979). Child Psychology Developmental perspective Syracuse University: DC
Health and company.
O’Bryan KG, Boersma FJ (1971) Eye movements, Perceptual activity and conservation development. J.
Exper. Child Psychol. 12PP. 157- 169.