Xen summit amd_2010v3

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Libxenlight is a C library that provides a simple API for toolstacks like Xend and Libvirt to perform Xen operations. It aims to consolidate the code for different toolstacks, which currently have duplications and inefficiencies. Libxenlight follows design principles like being stateless and hiding lower-level Xen components. A new toolstack called XL has also been created with the goals of being small, tested and compatible with xm commands while using Libxenlight. Multiple toolstacks may be ported to use Libxenlight and its development is open to contributions.

Technology

LIBXENLIGHT

Stefano Stabellini

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

The current situation

Multiple toolstacks:
Xend, Xapi, XenVM, LibVirt, ...
code duplications, inefficiencies, bugs, wasted
efforts

Xend:
difficult to understand, modify and extend

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

The solution: libxenlight

What is Libxenlight:
a small lower level library in C
simple to understand
easy to modify and extend

Goals:
provide a simple and robust API for toolstacks
create a common codebase to do Xen operations
Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

The current architecture

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

The new architecture

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

Libxenlight: design principles

implement mechanisms, not policies
stateless
hide xenstore, libxenctrl and libxenguest from
the higher levels
be as simple as possible

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

XL: not just unit testing

the unit testing tool for libxenlight
feature complete
a minimal toolstack
99% compatible with xm

do more with less!

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

XL: design principles

smallest possible toolstack on top of libxenlight
stateless
work without any additional daemons
CLI → XL → Libxenlight → EXIT
exception: domain cleanup, cdrom eject

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

The new architecture: adding XL

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

XL vs. Xend

XL: pros
very small and easy to read
well tested
compatible with xm

Xend: pros
provide XML RPC interface
provide ”managed domains”
Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

TODO list

implement missing features
make libxenlight rock solid
port xend on top of libxenlight
port xapi on top of libxenlight
port libvirt on top of libxenlight

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

Libxenlight: patches are welcome

new features should be implemented in
libxenlight
a hook in xl is required for testing purposes
bindings for xend, xapi and other toolstacks are
welcome but not required

Xen Summit at AMD
April 2829, 2010

Questions?

Xen Summit at AMD
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Many people have difficulty understanding the difference between the Xen Hypervisor, XenServer, and XAPI. In this session, James Bulpin, Director of Technology for XenServer, and Russell Pavlicek, Evangelist for the Xen Project, will attempt to clarify what each project is, what it does, and how it compares with the others. We will cover some of the basic features and functions, the tasks for which each is suitable, and where the projects overlap. Attendees will come away with a better sense of where these three projects fit in the world of Xen virtualization.

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This document discusses Citrix's involvement with the Xen open source project. It notes that Citrix is a steward of the Xen.org project and has contributed significant code and resources to its development. It also outlines some of the key benefits of using Xen for virtualization, such as efficient resource utilization and workload mobility. Furthermore, it provides details on Xen's expanding support for ARM architectures, with fully functional versions for ARM v7 and v8 platforms.

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This document discusses the Xen Project community and hypervisor architecture. It notes that Xen.org has become XenProject.org to be more vendor neutral. The contributor community has diversified with more active vendors. Xen is used in large clouds and powers more than 10 million individual users. The hypervisor can run in paravirtualized (PV) or hardware virtualized (HVM) modes. PV is faster while HVM requires no kernel support. XAPI provides management functions for live migration, storage, resource pools, and monitoring across multiple hosts. Disaggregation of the control domain into separate driver and service domains improves security, robustness and performance. Xen also supports ARM servers through a fully functional hypervisor for ARMv7 and ARMv8

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The Linux Foundation

Xen is an open source hypervisor originally developed in the late 1990s as part of the XenoServers project. It was designed to enable efficient virtualization on non-virtualizable hardware through paravirtualization. While the core of Xen remains open source under the Xen.org project, many companies offer proprietary products based on Xen like Citrix's XenServer and Xen Cloud Platform. Xen uses a "thin hypervisor" model where the hypervisor has minimal components and relies on separate service domains to handle tasks like device drivers and management. This architecture provides strong isolation, flexibility in component selection, and good scaling capabilities. Xen finds uses in server virtualization, cloud computing, desktop virtualization, client virtualization, and secure application isolation.

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Here are some common existing deployment methods for virtual machines: - Manual installation from ISO - Booting a virtual machine from an installation ISO and manually installing an operating system through the graphical user interface. Good for one-off deployments but not scalable. - Scripted installation - Using scripts to automate the installation process. Better than manual but still requires customizing for each new virtual machine. - Templates - Creating a "golden image" template virtual machine with a pre-installed and configured operating system. New virtual machines can be quickly deployed by cloning the template. Allows consistent deployments but still requires customizing each template. - Configuration management - Using configuration management tools like Puppet, Chef, Ansible to declar

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Modern cars, as well as aircrafts, are equipped not only with more and more complex control systems, but also with increasingly advanced user interfaces and infotainment systems. The growing computational demand of these applications can now be met only with multi-core systems, which are actually supplanting single-core ones. Also, safety-critical and non-safety-critical components must be isolated from each other. In this presentation we show a double-OS system, running on a dual-core ARM platform and using the Xen hypervisor to run, in two isolated domains, (1) the automotive-grade ERIKA Enterprise OS, a small-footprint real-time OS suitable for safety-critical control tasks, and (2) a full-featured Linux OS, which is then able to support any complex user interface or multimedia service. The system also provides a basic, safe communication mechanism between the two operating systems.

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ATG needed to virtualize over 2,000 remote betting terminals to allow for hardware independence and an evolutionary transition from older OS/2 systems to newer Linux systems. They implemented the open source Xen hypervisor which allowed them to run existing OS/2 applications virtually on new Linux machines, transition applications to a new Java platform gradually, and gain more flexibility and influence over the hypervisor development. This provided a cost effective solution to modernize systems while maintaining existing functionality during the transition.

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With the rapid growth in computing power of embedded platforms, system designers are turning to hypervisors to consolidate functionality in order to reduce the Size, Weight, Power, and Cost of embedded systems. With the recent addition of ARM support to the Xen hypervisor, Xen provides an attractive Open Source option for such systems. However, some of the industries most interested in this technology, such as automotive, medical, and avionics, have strict safety certification requirements. Nathan Studer will give a brief overview on DornerWorks efforts certifying Xen, describe the hurdles and advantages that Xen and its development model lend to the certification effort, and layout a proposed path for certifying Xen.

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Xen is an open source hypervisor that allows multiple virtual machines to run concurrently on a single physical machine. The key components are the Xen hypervisor, Domain 0 which has special privileges, and Domain U guest virtual machines. Domain 0 manages the other domains and provides access to physical resources. Domain U guests can be paravirtualized (PV) or fully virtualized (HVM). PV guests have drivers for networking and storage, while HVM guests use Qemu-dm and virtual firmware to emulate hardware. Management tools like Xend and Xenstored control the virtual machines through an XML RPC interface.

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While datacenters are increasingly adopting VMs to provide elastic cloud services, they still rely on traditional TCP for congestion control. In this talk, I will first show that VM scheduling delays can heavily contaminate RTTs sensed by VM senders, preventing TCP from correctly learning the physical network condition. Focusing on the incast problem, which is commonly seen in large-scale distributed data processing such as MapReduce and web search, I find that the solutions that have been developed for *physical* clusters fall short in a Xen *virtual* cluster. Second, I will provide a concrete understanding of the problem, and reveal that the situations that when the sending VM is preempted versus when the receiving VM is preempted, are different. Third, I will introduce my recent attempts on paravirtualizing TCP to overcome the negative effect caused by VM scheduling delays.

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Since its inception, the Xen Orchestra project which uses AGPLv3, always had a philosophy to listen and engage the community. User feedback shaped our initial concept, which first targeted system administrators. Eventually, our users drove us to support cloud-scale deployments supporting up to 2000 VM's. Retaining simplicity in usage and installation, while evolving Xen Orchestra to cloud scale posed many challenges. This led us to build many new features such ACLs, self-service, live charts, config drive management, and more, forced us to constantly evolve our architecture. First we will show how user needs changed our architecture, and how we implemented challenging problems such as user permissions, ACLs, Containers in a virtualized infrastructure and self service. We will conclude with a short demo, what is next and a lessons learned.

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A year has passed since the last Xen Developer Summit and it is time to announce the quiet progress made on the libvirt libxl driver and related tooling. New features include memory, cpu, block device, and network interface statistics reporting, support for pvUSB, support for migration stream V2, peer-to-peer migration, UEFI for HVM guests via OVMF, and domain capabilities reporting to name a few. There are also many noteworthy improvements such as better conversion of xl.cfg to/from libvirt domXML, allowing users to easily switch between the xl+libxl and libvirt+libxl toolstacks. The summit also provides an opportunity to discuss new proposals such as better control of domain placement on NUMA systems, exposing Xen's cpu pool feature in libvirt, supporting non-volatile memory for UEFI variables, and improved capabilities reporting. Much of libvirt's value for Xen is in the tools built upon it: virt-manager, virt-viewer, virt-install, virt-builder, kimchi, OpenStack nova, etc. These tools also deserve a quick status update as they relate to Xen. The audience is encouraged to participate, e.g. by requesting a sorely missing feature, warning of an upcoming Xen change that may affect libvirt, or simply suggesting a change that makes virtualization management life a bit easier.

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Subtitle: Reducing the OS burden while taking advantage of new hardware features Xen is a hypervisor using a microkernel design that allows running multiple concurrent operating systems on the same hardware. One of the key features of Xen is that it is OS agnostic, meaning that any OS (with proper support) can be used as a host. Xen has a long history going back to the 90s when it was designed and the early 2000s when it was released. As a consequence of this, many of the assumptions and virtualization techniques backed into it are now superseeded by new hardware features, that make virtualization more transparent from an OS point of view. This talk provides an overview on the different kind of guests supported by Xen and how these new hardware features are used in order to improve and evolve them. It also describes the design and implementation of a new guest type, called PVHv2, and how it can be used as a control domain (Dom0). Also see: https://fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/iaas_towahvm/

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Credit 2 Scheduler was designed with the following goals in mind: to be functionally complete, have algorithmic improvements, be scalable, and have improved performance compared to Credit 1 Scheduler. Various tests were performed measuring boot times, login times, network throughput, and storage performance on systems with varying numbers of VMs, CPUs, RAM, and storage configurations. Credit 2 Scheduler demonstrated improvements over Credit 1 Scheduler across most of the metrics tested.

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The ARM architecture strongly recommends to use a break-before-make when changing translation table entries whenever certain conditions are met. Failing to do so may result in getting TLB conflicts or breaking the coherency. During this session, we will introduce break-before-make and when the code handling page tables should use it. We will also discuss the modifications required in Xen to avoid breaking the coherency.

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Adding support for you new shiny board in Xen on ARM is a simple task once you get a kernel running on bare metal. This session will cover the different steps to port Xen on ARM from the firmware to the shell prompt in DOM0. We will give you tips on the common pitfalls when you have your hypervisor, or your DOM0 kernel crashing. We will also provide suggestion on how to debug when the console is not working.

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RBD, the RADOS Block Device in Ceph, gives you virtually unlimited scalability (without downtime), high performance, intelligent balancing and self-healing capabilities that traditional SANs can't provide. Ceph achieves this higher throughput through a unique system of placing objects across multiple nodes, and adaptive load balancing that replicates frequently accessed objects over more nodes. This talk will give a brief overview of the Ceph architecture, current integration with Apache CloudStack, and recent advancements with Xen and blktap2.

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ELC2019: Static Partitioning Made Simple

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Static partitioning is used to split an embedded system into multiple domains, each of them having access only to a portion of the hardware on the SoC. It is key to enable mixed-criticality scenarios, where a critical application, often based on a small RTOS, runs alongside a larger non-critical app, typically based on Linux. The two domains cannot interfere with each other. This talk will explain how to use Xen for static partitioning. It will introduce dom0-less, a new Xen feature written for the purpose. Dom0-less allows multiple VMs to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times drastically. It makes it very easy to partition the system without virtualization overhead. Dom0 becomes unnecessary. This presentation will go into details on how to setup a Xen dom0-less system. It will show configuration examples and explain device assignment. The talk will discuss its implications for latency-sensitive and safety-critical environments.

XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...

The Linux Foundation

Daniel Smith discusses TrenchBoot, a project aiming to establish a unified approach to harnessing boot integrity technologies across open source platforms. TrenchBoot will enable establishing hardware-rooted integrity during platform boot (first launch inspection), runtime (runtime inspection), and other states. For runtime inspection, TrenchBoot will develop a way to securely re-establish the integrity of Xen at any time without rebooting by dynamically launching an integrity kernel to inspect and verify Xen. The talk outlines the initial and future work of TrenchBoot to integrate these capabilities with Linux, Xen and other open source projects.

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In recent years unikernels have shown immense performance potential (e.g., boot times of only a few ms, image sizes of only hundreds of KBs).The fundamental drawback of unikernels is that they require that applications be manually ported to the underlying minimalistic OS, needing both expert work and often considerable amount of time. The Unikraft project provides a unikernel code base and build system that significantly simplifies the building of unikernels. In addition to support for a number CPU architectures, languages and frameworks, Unikraft provides debugging and tracing features that are generally sorely missing from unikernel projects. In this talk we will talk about these features, show a set of preliminary performance numbers, and provide a roadmap for the project's future.

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This talk will introduce Dom0-less: a new way of using Xen to build mixed-criticality solutions. Dom0-less is a Xen feature that adds a novel approach to static partitioning based on virtualization. It allows multiple domains to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times dramatically. Xen userspace tools, such as xl and libvirt, become optional. Dom0-less extends the existing device tree based Xen boot protocol to cover information required by additional domains. Binaries, such as kernels and ramdisks, are loaded by the bootloader (u-boot) and advertised to Xen via new device tree bindings. The audience will learn how to use Dom0-less to partition the system. Uboot and device tree configuration details will be explained to enable the audience to get the most out of this feature. The talk will include a status update and details on future plans.

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Safety certification is one of the essential requirements for software to be used in highly regulated industries. Besides technical and compliance issues (such as ISO 26262 vs IEC 611508) transitioning an existing project to become more easily safety certifiable requires significant changes to development practices within an open source project. In this session, we will lay out some challenges of making safety certification achievable in open source and the Xen Project. We will outline the process the Xen Project has followed thus far and highlight lessons learned along the way. The talk will primarily focus on necessary process, tooling changes and community challenges that can prevent progress. We will be offering an in-depth review of how Xen Project is approaching this challenging goal and try to derive lessons for other projects and contributors.

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This document summarizes a discussion around enabling functional safety certification for the Xen open source hypervisor project. Key points discussed include: - Establishing a split development model with open and closed parts to balance community needs and safety requirements. - Developing reference implementations and stacks supported by multiple vendors to demonstrate safety certification feasibility. - Creating plans and processes around requirements, documentation, verification testing, and tooling integration to begin filling gaps for certification. - Addressing challenges around funding, resources, expertise, and maintaining contributions to ensure any initial work is sustainable long-term. - Taking an iterative, agile approach to make early progress while further securing necessary funding and support from interested parties.

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2018 saw fundamental shifts in security boundaries which were previously taken for granted. A lot of work has been done in the past 2 years, and largely in secret under embargo, but there is plenty more work to be done to strengthen the existing mitigations and to try to recover some performance without reopening security holes. This talk will look at speculative execution sidechannels, the work which has already been done to mitigate the security holes, and future work which hopes to bring some improvements.

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The Arm architecture provides a set of guidelines that any software should abide by when accessing the memory with MMU off and update page-tables. Failing to do so may result in getting TLB conflicts or breaking coherency. In a previous talk ("Keeping coherency on Arm"), we focused on updating safely the stage-2 (aka P2M) page-tables. This talk will focus on the boot code and Xen memory management. During this session, we will introduce some of the guidelines and when they should be used. We will also discuss how Xen boot sequence needs to be reworked to avoid breaking the guidelines.

XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...

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For many years the QEMU codebase has contained PV backends for Xen guests, giving them paravirtual access to storage, network, keyboard, mouse, etc. however these backends have not been configurable as QEMU devices as their implementation did not fully adhere to the QEMU Object Model (QOM). Particularly the PV storage backend not using proper QOM devices, or qdevs, meant that the QEMU block layer needed to maintain legacy code that was cluttering up the source. This was causing push-back from the maintainers who did not want to accept any patches relating to that Xen backend until it was 'qdevified'. In this talk, I'll explain the modifications I made to QEMU to achieve 'qdevification' of the PV storage backend, how compatibility with the libxl toolstack was maintained, and what the next steps in both QEMU and libxl development should be.

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The Linux Foundation

PCI is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer, and is the main peripheral bus on modern x86 systems. As such, having a proper way to emulate it is crucial for Xen to be able to expose both fully emulated devices or passthrough devices to guests. This talk will focus on the current status of PCI emulation in Xen, how and where it is used, what are its main limitations and future plans to improve it in order to be more robust and modular.

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Xen is a very powerful hypervisor with a talented and diverse developers community. Despite the fact it's almost everywhere (from the Cloud to the embedded world), it can be difficult to set up and manage as a system administrator. General purpose distros have Xen packages, but that's just a start in your Xen journey: you need some tooling and knowledge to have a working and scalable platform. XCP-ng was built to overcome those issues: by bringing Xen to the masses with a fully turnkey distro with Xen as its core. It's the logical sequel to the XCP project, with a community focus from the start. We'll see how it happened, what we did, and what's next. Finally, we'll see the impact of XCP-ng on the Xen Project.

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High level toolstacks for server and cloud virtualization are very mature with large communities using and supporting them. Client virtualization is a much more niche community with unique requirements when compared to those found in the server space. In this talk, we’ll introduce a client virtualization toolstack for Xen (redctl) that we are using in Redfield, a new open-source client virtualization distribution that builds upon the work done by the greater virtualization and Linux communities. We will present a case for maturing libxl’s Go bindings and discuss what advantages Go has to offer for high level toolstacks, including in the server space.

XPDDS19: Core Scheduling in Xen - Jürgen Groß, SUSE

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Today Xen is scheduling guest virtual cpus on all available physical cpus independently from each other. Recent security issues on modern processors (e.g. L1TF) require to turn off hyperthreading for best security in order to avoid leaking information from one hyperthread to the other. One way to avoid having to turn off hyperthreading is to only ever schedule virtual cpus of the same guest on one physical core at the same time. This is called core scheduling. This presentation shows results from the effort to implement core scheduling in the Xen hypervisor. The basic modifications in Xen are presented and performance numbers with core scheduling active are shown.

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