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This talk will introduce Dom0-less: a new way of using Xen to build mixed-criticality solutions. Dom0-less is a Xen feature that adds a novel approach to static partitioning based on virtualization. It allows multiple domains to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times dramatically. Xen userspace tools, such as xl and libvirt, become optional. Dom0-less extends the existing device tree based Xen boot protocol to cover information required by additional domains. Binaries, such as kernels and ramdisks, are loaded by the bootloader (u-boot) and advertised to Xen via new device tree bindings. The audience will learn how to use Dom0-less to partition the system. Uboot and device tree configuration details will be explained to enable the audience to get the most out of this feature. The talk will include a status update and details on future plans.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Dom0-less - Stefano Stabellini, Principal Engineer, Xilinx
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Dom0-less - Stefano Stabellini, Principal Engineer, Xilinx
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Hypervisors are becoming more and more widespread in embedded environments, from automotive to medical and avionics. Their use case is different from traditional server and desktop virtualization, and so are their requirements. This talk will explain why hypervisors are used in embedded, and the unique challenges posed by these environments to virtualization technologies. Xen, a popular open source hypervisor, was born to virtualize x86 Linux systems for the data center. It is now the leading open source hypervisor for ARM embedded platforms. The presentation will show how the ARM port of Xen differs from its x86 counterpart. It will go through the fundamental design decisions that made Xen a good choice for ARM embedded virtualization. The talk will explain the implementation of key features such as device assignment and interrupt virtualization.
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The presentation will cover Xen Automotive. We will elaborate technical solutions for the identified gaps: 1. ARM architecture - support HW virtualization extensions for embedded systems 2. Stability requirements 3. RT Scheduler 4. Rich virtualized peripheral support (WiFi, Gfx, MM, USB, etc.) 5. Performance benchmarking 6. Security
ALSS14: Xen Project Automotive Hypervisor (Demo)
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Static partitioning enables multiple domains to run alongside each other with no interference. They could be running Linux, an RTOS, or another OS, and all of them have direct access to different portions of the SoC. In the last five years, the Xen community introduced several new features to make Xen-based static partitioning possible. Dom0less to start multiple static domains in parallel at boot, and Cache Coloring to minimize cache interference effects are among them. Static inter-domain communications mechanisms were introduced this year, while "ImageBuilder" has been making system-wide configurations easier. An easy-to-use complete solution is within our grasp. This talk will show the progress made on Xen static partitioning. The audience will learn to configure a realistic reference design with multiple partitions: a LinuxRT partition, a Zephyr partition, and a larger Linux partition. The presentation will show how to set up communication channels and direct hardware access for the domains. It will explain how to measure interrupt latency and use cache coloring to zero cache interference effects. The talk will include a live demo of the reference design.
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Adding support for you new shiny board in Xen on ARM is a simple task once you get a kernel running on bare metal. This session will cover the different steps to port Xen on ARM from the firmware to the shell prompt in DOM0. We will give you tips on the common pitfalls when you have your hypervisor, or your DOM0 kernel crashing. We will also provide suggestion on how to debug when the console is not working.
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This talk will introduce Dom0-less: a new way of using Xen to build mixed-criticality solutions. Dom0-less is a Xen feature that adds a novel approach to static partitioning based on virtualization. It allows multiple domains to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times dramatically. Xen userspace tools, such as xl and libvirt, become optional. Dom0-less extends the existing device tree based Xen boot protocol to cover information required by additional domains. Binaries, such as kernels and ramdisks, are loaded by the bootloader (u-boot) and advertised to Xen via new device tree bindings. The audience will learn how to use Dom0-less to partition the system. Uboot and device tree configuration details will be explained to enable the audience to get the most out of this feature. The talk will include a status update and details on future plans.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Dom0-less - Stefano Stabellini, Principal Engineer, Xilinx
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Hypervisors are becoming more and more widespread in embedded environments, from automotive to medical and avionics. Their use case is different from traditional server and desktop virtualization, and so are their requirements. This talk will explain why hypervisors are used in embedded, and the unique challenges posed by these environments to virtualization technologies. Xen, a popular open source hypervisor, was born to virtualize x86 Linux systems for the data center. It is now the leading open source hypervisor for ARM embedded platforms. The presentation will show how the ARM port of Xen differs from its x86 counterpart. It will go through the fundamental design decisions that made Xen a good choice for ARM embedded virtualization. The talk will explain the implementation of key features such as device assignment and interrupt virtualization.
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The presentation will cover Xen Automotive. We will elaborate technical solutions for the identified gaps: 1. ARM architecture - support HW virtualization extensions for embedded systems 2. Stability requirements 3. RT Scheduler 4. Rich virtualized peripheral support (WiFi, Gfx, MM, USB, etc.) 5. Performance benchmarking 6. Security
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Static partitioning enables multiple domains to run alongside each other with no interference. They could be running Linux, an RTOS, or another OS, and all of them have direct access to different portions of the SoC. In the last five years, the Xen community introduced several new features to make Xen-based static partitioning possible. Dom0less to start multiple static domains in parallel at boot, and Cache Coloring to minimize cache interference effects are among them. Static inter-domain communications mechanisms were introduced this year, while "ImageBuilder" has been making system-wide configurations easier. An easy-to-use complete solution is within our grasp. This talk will show the progress made on Xen static partitioning. The audience will learn to configure a realistic reference design with multiple partitions: a LinuxRT partition, a Zephyr partition, and a larger Linux partition. The presentation will show how to set up communication channels and direct hardware access for the domains. It will explain how to measure interrupt latency and use cache coloring to zero cache interference effects. The talk will include a live demo of the reference design.
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Adding support for you new shiny board in Xen on ARM is a simple task once you get a kernel running on bare metal. This session will cover the different steps to port Xen on ARM from the firmware to the shell prompt in DOM0. We will give you tips on the common pitfalls when you have your hypervisor, or your DOM0 kernel crashing. We will also provide suggestion on how to debug when the console is not working.
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Xen Project is a static partitioning hypervisor for embedded deployments (industrial, medical, etc.) Xen enforces strong isolation between domains so that one cannot affect the execution of another. Features such as cache coloring reduce interference and improve interrupt latency and determinism. A real-time workload can run alongside a more complex guest. But can it be used in safety-critical environments? The Xen hypervisor has a microkernel design: services and tools are non-essential and run in unprivileged VMs, while the core is less than 50K LOC. This architecture lends itself well to safety-critical applications as only the core is critical and needs to go through the certification process. This presentation will describe the activities of the Xen FuSa SIG (Special Interest Group) to make Xen easier to safety-certify. It will go through the aspects of Xen that pertain safety and it will explain how to set up a mixed-criticality system with Xen. The talk will discuss the challenges of making an Open Source project safety-certifiable and the progress that the Xen community made so far in the areas of documentation and requirements, MISRA-C code compliance, and interference reduction.
Xen in Safety-Critical Systems - Critical Summit 2022
Xen in Safety-Critical Systems - Critical Summit 2022
Stefano Stabellini
NVDIMM is a standard for allowing non-volatile memory to be exposed to as normal RAM, which can be directly mapped to guests. This simple concept has the potential to dramatically change the way software is written; but also has a number of surprising problems to solve. Furthermore, this area is plagued with incomplete specifications and confusing terminology. This talk will attempt to give an overview of NVDIMMs from an operating system perspective: What the terminology means, how they are discovered and partitioned, issues relating to filesystems, a brief description of the functionality available in Linux, and so on. It will then describe the various issues and design choices a Xen system has to make in order to allow Xen systems to use NVDIMMs effectively.
OSSEU18: NVDIMM and Virtualization - George Dunlap, Citrix
OSSEU18: NVDIMM and Virtualization - George Dunlap, Citrix
The Linux Foundation
2virtualizationtechnologyoverview 13540659831745-phpapp02-121127193019-phpapp01
2virtualizationtechnologyoverview 13540659831745-phpapp02-121127193019-phpapp01
Vietnam Open Infrastructure User Group
Your AMI is one of the core foundations for running applications and services effectively on Amazon EC2. In this session, you'll learn how to optimize your AMI, including how you can measure and diagnose system performance and tune parameters for improved CPU and network performance. We'll cover application-specific examples from Netflix on how optimized AMIs can lead to improved performance.
Your Linux AMI: Optimization and Performance (CPN302) | AWS re:Invent 2013
Your Linux AMI: Optimization and Performance (CPN302) | AWS re:Invent 2013
Amazon Web Services
NVDIMM is a standard for allowing non-volatile memory to be exposed to as normal RAM, which can be directly mapped to guests. This simple concept has the potential to dramatically change the way software is written; but also has a number of surprising problems to solve. Furthermore, this area is plagued with incomplete specifications and confusing terminoligy. This talk will attempt to give an overview of NVDIMMs from an operating system perspective: What the terminology means, how they are discovered and partitioned, issues relating to filesystems, a brief description of the functionality available in Linux, and so on. It will then describe the various issues and design choices a Xen system has to make in order to allow Xen systems to use NVDIMMs effectively.
XPDDS18: NVDIMM Overview - George Dunlap, Citrix
XPDDS18: NVDIMM Overview - George Dunlap, Citrix
The Linux Foundation
Invited Talk in IEEE Symposium on Low-Power and High-Speed Chips and Systems (COOL Chips 23)
Virtualization for Emerging Memory Devices
Virtualization for Emerging Memory Devices
Takahiro Hirofuchi
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Xen and the Art of Virtualization
Xen and the Art of Virtualization
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More on Virtualization 3.pptx
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6. Live VM migration
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5. IO virtualization
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003-vmm.pptx
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17-virtualization.pptx
Vmwareperformancetroubleshooting 100224104321-phpapp02 (1)
Vmwareperformancetroubleshooting 100224104321-phpapp02 (1)
Vmwareperformancetroubleshooting 100224104321-phpapp02
Vmwareperformancetroubleshooting 100224104321-phpapp02
XPDS13: Zero-copy display of guest framebuffers using GEM - John Baboval, Citrix
XPDS13: Zero-copy display of guest framebuffers using GEM - John Baboval, Citrix
Xen & virtualization
Xen & virtualization
Porting Xen Paravirtualization to MIPS Architecture
Porting Xen Paravirtualization to MIPS Architecture
Current and Future of Non-Volatile Memory on Linux
Current and Future of Non-Volatile Memory on Linux
Oscon 2012 : From Datacenter to the Cloud - Featuring Xen and XCP
Oscon 2012 : From Datacenter to the Cloud - Featuring Xen and XCP
network ram parallel computing
network ram parallel computing
Xen in Safety-Critical Systems - Critical Summit 2022
Xen in Safety-Critical Systems - Critical Summit 2022
OSSEU18: NVDIMM and Virtualization - George Dunlap, Citrix
OSSEU18: NVDIMM and Virtualization - George Dunlap, Citrix
2virtualizationtechnologyoverview 13540659831745-phpapp02-121127193019-phpapp01
2virtualizationtechnologyoverview 13540659831745-phpapp02-121127193019-phpapp01
Your Linux AMI: Optimization and Performance (CPN302) | AWS re:Invent 2013
Your Linux AMI: Optimization and Performance (CPN302) | AWS re:Invent 2013
XPDDS18: NVDIMM Overview - George Dunlap, Citrix
XPDDS18: NVDIMM Overview - George Dunlap, Citrix
Virtualization for Emerging Memory Devices
Virtualization for Emerging Memory Devices
More from The Linux Foundation
Static partitioning is used to split an embedded system into multiple domains, each of them having access only to a portion of the hardware on the SoC. It is key to enable mixed-criticality scenarios, where a critical application, often based on a small RTOS, runs alongside a larger non-critical app, typically based on Linux. The two domains cannot interfere with each other. This talk will explain how to use Xen for static partitioning. It will introduce dom0-less, a new Xen feature written for the purpose. Dom0-less allows multiple VMs to start at boot time directly from the Xen hypervisor, decreasing boot times drastically. It makes it very easy to partition the system without virtualization overhead. Dom0 becomes unnecessary. This presentation will go into details on how to setup a Xen dom0-less system. It will show configuration examples and explain device assignment. The talk will discuss its implications for latency-sensitive and safety-critical environments.
ELC2019: Static Partitioning Made Simple
ELC2019: Static Partitioning Made Simple
The Linux Foundation
TrenchBoot is a cross-community OSS integration project for hardware-rooted, late launch integrity of open and proprietary systems. It provides a general purpose, open-source DRTM kernel for measured system launch and attestation of device integrity to trust-centric access infrastructure. TrenchBoot closes the UEFI Measurement Gap and reduces the need to trust system firmware. This talk will introduce TrenchBoot architecture and a recent collaboration with Oracle to launch the Linux kernel directly with Intel TXT or AMD SVM Secure Launch. It will propose mechanisms for integrating the Xen hypervisor into a TrenchBoot system launch. DRTM-enabled capabilities for client, server and embedded platforms will be presented for consideration by the Xen community.
XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...
XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...
The Linux Foundation
Artem will briefly cover what has been done since the first talk on Xen in Automotive domain back in 2013, what is going on now and what is still missing for broad adaptation of Xen in vehicles. The following topics will be covered: Embedded/automotive features of Xen Collaboration with AGL and GENIVI organizations for standardization Efforts on Functional Safety compliance Artem will also go over typical automotive use scenarios for Xen which may not be the same as generic computing use of hypervisor.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen in Automotive - Artem Mygaiev, Director, Technology Solu...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen in Automotive - Artem Mygaiev, Director, Technology Solu...
The Linux Foundation
In this keynote talk, we will give an overview of the state of the Xen Project, trends that impact the project, see whether challenges that surfaced last year have been addressed and how we did it, and highlight new challenges and solutions for the coming year.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Project Weather Report 2019 - Lars Kurth, Director of Op...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Project Weather Report 2019 - Lars Kurth, Director of Op...
The Linux Foundation
In recent years unikernels have shown immense performance potential (e.g., boot times of only a few ms, image sizes of only hundreds of KBs).The fundamental drawback of unikernels is that they require that applications be manually ported to the underlying minimalistic OS, needing both expert work and often considerable amount of time. The Unikraft project provides a unikernel code base and build system that significantly simplifies the building of unikernels. In addition to support for a number CPU architectures, languages and frameworks, Unikraft provides debugging and tracing features that are generally sorely missing from unikernel projects. In this talk we will talk about these features, show a set of preliminary performance numbers, and provide a roadmap for the project's future.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Unikraft Weather Report
XPDDS19 Keynote: Unikraft Weather Report
The Linux Foundation
The idea of making Xen secret-free has been floating since Spectre and Meltdown came into light. In this talk we will discuss what is being done and what needs to be done next.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Secret-free Hypervisor: Now and Future - Wei Liu, Software E...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Secret-free Hypervisor: Now and Future - Wei Liu, Software E...
The Linux Foundation
As the number of contributions grow, reviewer bandwidth becomes a bottleneck; and maintainers are always asking for more help. However, ultimately maintainers must at least Ack every patch that goes in; so if you're not a maintainer, how can you contribute? Why should anyone care about your opinion? This talk will try to lay out some advice and guidelines for non-maintainers, for how they can do code review in a way which will effectively reduce the load on maintainers when they do come to review a patch.
XPDDS19 Keynote: Patch Review for Non-maintainers - George Dunlap, Citrix Sys...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Patch Review for Non-maintainers - George Dunlap, Citrix Sys...
The Linux Foundation
This talk is a follow-up to our Summit 2017 presentation in which we covered our plans for Intel VMFUNC and #VE, as well as related use-cases. This year, we will provide a report on what we have accomplished in Xen 4.12, and what remains to be addressed. We will also give a brief status update of VMI on AMD hardware. The session will end with some real-world numbers of the Hypervisor Introspection solution running on Citrix Hypervisor 8.0 with #VE enabled.
XPDDS19: Memories of a VM Funk - Mihai Donțu, Bitdefender
XPDDS19: Memories of a VM Funk - Mihai Donțu, Bitdefender
The Linux Foundation
Safety certification is one of the essential requirements for software to be used in highly regulated industries. Besides technical and compliance issues (such as ISO 26262 vs IEC 611508) transitioning an existing project to become more easily safety certifiable requires significant changes to development practices within an open source project. In this session, we will lay out some challenges of making safety certification achievable in open source and the Xen Project. We will outline the process the Xen Project has followed thus far and highlight lessons learned along the way. The talk will primarily focus on necessary process, tooling changes and community challenges that can prevent progress. We will be offering an in-depth review of how Xen Project is approaching this challenging goal and try to derive lessons for other projects and contributors.
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: Overcoming Community Challeng...
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: Overcoming Community Challeng...
The Linux Foundation
Safety certification is one of the essential requirements for software to be used in highly regulated industries. The Xen Project, a secure and stable hypervisor that is used in many different markets, has been exploring the feasibility of building safety certified products on top of Xen for a year, looking at key aspects of its code base and development practices. In this session, we will lay out the motivation and challenges of making safety certification achievable in open source and the Xen Project. We will outline the process the project has followed thus far and highlight lessons learned along the way. The talk will cover technical enablers, necessary process and tooling changes and community challenges offering an in-depth review of how Xen Project is approaching this exciting and and challenging goal.
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: How the Xen Project is Making...
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: How the Xen Project is Making...
The Linux Foundation
2018 saw fundamental shifts in security boundaries which were previously taken for granted. A lot of work has been done in the past 2 years, and largely in secret under embargo, but there is plenty more work to be done to strengthen the existing mitigations and to try to recover some performance without reopening security holes. This talk will look at speculative execution sidechannels, the work which has already been done to mitigate the security holes, and future work which hopes to bring some improvements.
XPDDS19: Speculative Sidechannels and Mitigations - Andrew Cooper, Citrix
XPDDS19: Speculative Sidechannels and Mitigations - Andrew Cooper, Citrix
The Linux Foundation
The Arm architecture provides a set of guidelines that any software should abide by when accessing the memory with MMU off and update page-tables. Failing to do so may result in getting TLB conflicts or breaking coherency. In a previous talk ("Keeping coherency on Arm"), we focused on updating safely the stage-2 (aka P2M) page-tables. This talk will focus on the boot code and Xen memory management. During this session, we will introduce some of the guidelines and when they should be used. We will also discuss how Xen boot sequence needs to be reworked to avoid breaking the guidelines.
XPDDS19: Keeping Coherency on Arm: Reborn - Julien Grall, Arm ltd
XPDDS19: Keeping Coherency on Arm: Reborn - Julien Grall, Arm ltd
The Linux Foundation
For many years the QEMU codebase has contained PV backends for Xen guests, giving them paravirtual access to storage, network, keyboard, mouse, etc. however these backends have not been configurable as QEMU devices as their implementation did not fully adhere to the QEMU Object Model (QOM). Particularly the PV storage backend not using proper QOM devices, or qdevs, meant that the QEMU block layer needed to maintain legacy code that was cluttering up the source. This was causing push-back from the maintainers who did not want to accept any patches relating to that Xen backend until it was 'qdevified'. In this talk, I'll explain the modifications I made to QEMU to achieve 'qdevification' of the PV storage backend, how compatibility with the libxl toolstack was maintained, and what the next steps in both QEMU and libxl development should be.
XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...
XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...
The Linux Foundation
PCI is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer, and is the main peripheral bus on modern x86 systems. As such, having a proper way to emulate it is crucial for Xen to be able to expose both fully emulated devices or passthrough devices to guests. This talk will focus on the current status of PCI emulation in Xen, how and where it is used, what are its main limitations and future plans to improve it in order to be more robust and modular.
XPDDS19: Status of PCI Emulation in Xen - Roger Pau Monné, Citrix Systems R&D
XPDDS19: Status of PCI Emulation in Xen - Roger Pau Monné, Citrix Systems R&D
The Linux Foundation
Volodymyr will speak about TEE mediators. This is a new feature in Xen which allows multiple virtual machines to interact with Trusted Execution Environment available on platform. He developed mediator for one of TEEs, namely OP-TEE. He will give background information on why TEE is needed at all and share some implementation details.
XPDDS19: [ARM] OP-TEE Mediator in Xen - Volodymyr Babchuk, EPAM Systems
XPDDS19: [ARM] OP-TEE Mediator in Xen - Volodymyr Babchuk, EPAM Systems
The Linux Foundation
Xen is a very powerful hypervisor with a talented and diverse developers community. Despite the fact it's almost everywhere (from the Cloud to the embedded world), it can be difficult to set up and manage as a system administrator. General purpose distros have Xen packages, but that's just a start in your Xen journey: you need some tooling and knowledge to have a working and scalable platform. XCP-ng was built to overcome those issues: by bringing Xen to the masses with a fully turnkey distro with Xen as its core. It's the logical sequel to the XCP project, with a community focus from the start. We'll see how it happened, what we did, and what's next. Finally, we'll see the impact of XCP-ng on the Xen Project.
XPDDS19: Bringing Xen to the Masses: The Story of Building a Community-driven...
XPDDS19: Bringing Xen to the Masses: The Story of Building a Community-driven...
The Linux Foundation
Doug has long advocated for more CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery) processes to be adopted by the Xen Project from the use of Travis CI and now GitLab CI. This talk aims to propose ideas for building upon the existing process and transforming the development process to provide users a higher quality with each release by the Xen Project.
XPDDS19: Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Streamlining Xen Project Contrib...
XPDDS19: Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Streamlining Xen Project Contrib...
The Linux Foundation
High level toolstacks for server and cloud virtualization are very mature with large communities using and supporting them. Client virtualization is a much more niche community with unique requirements when compared to those found in the server space. In this talk, we’ll introduce a client virtualization toolstack for Xen (redctl) that we are using in Redfield, a new open-source client virtualization distribution that builds upon the work done by the greater virtualization and Linux communities. We will present a case for maturing libxl’s Go bindings and discuss what advantages Go has to offer for high level toolstacks, including in the server space.
XPDDS19: Client Virtualization Toolstack in Go - Nick Rosbrook & Brendan Kerr...
XPDDS19: Client Virtualization Toolstack in Go - Nick Rosbrook & Brendan Kerr...
The Linux Foundation
Today Xen is scheduling guest virtual cpus on all available physical cpus independently from each other. Recent security issues on modern processors (e.g. L1TF) require to turn off hyperthreading for best security in order to avoid leaking information from one hyperthread to the other. One way to avoid having to turn off hyperthreading is to only ever schedule virtual cpus of the same guest on one physical core at the same time. This is called core scheduling. This presentation shows results from the effort to implement core scheduling in the Xen hypervisor. The basic modifications in Xen are presented and performance numbers with core scheduling active are shown.
XPDDS19: Core Scheduling in Xen - Jürgen Groß, SUSE
XPDDS19: Core Scheduling in Xen - Jürgen Groß, SUSE
The Linux Foundation
The use of Virtual GPUs (vGPUs) has widely grown in server farms to give Virtual Machines (VMs) dedicated graphics. Software rendering with virtual CPUs can only take us so far and even with Intel-GVT, which uses integrated graphics, there isn't enough power to do the fun stuff. In this presentation, Jon Farrell will be talking about the process of implementing AMD MxGPU on Xen, challenges that he encountered while doing it, and discussing performance metrics of bare metal and vGPU VM on popular benchmarks like 3D Mark* and The Witcher 3. To wrap up his presentation, Jon will share his thoughts about future research and where this technology can take us.
XPDDS19: Implementing AMD MxGPU - Jonathan Farrell, Assured Information Security
XPDDS19: Implementing AMD MxGPU - Jonathan Farrell, Assured Information Security
The Linux Foundation
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ELC2019: Static Partitioning Made Simple
ELC2019: Static Partitioning Made Simple
XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...
XPDDS19: How TrenchBoot is Enabling Measured Launch for Open-Source Platform ...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen in Automotive - Artem Mygaiev, Director, Technology Solu...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen in Automotive - Artem Mygaiev, Director, Technology Solu...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Project Weather Report 2019 - Lars Kurth, Director of Op...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Xen Project Weather Report 2019 - Lars Kurth, Director of Op...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Unikraft Weather Report
XPDDS19 Keynote: Unikraft Weather Report
XPDDS19 Keynote: Secret-free Hypervisor: Now and Future - Wei Liu, Software E...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Secret-free Hypervisor: Now and Future - Wei Liu, Software E...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Patch Review for Non-maintainers - George Dunlap, Citrix Sys...
XPDDS19 Keynote: Patch Review for Non-maintainers - George Dunlap, Citrix Sys...
XPDDS19: Memories of a VM Funk - Mihai Donțu, Bitdefender
XPDDS19: Memories of a VM Funk - Mihai Donțu, Bitdefender
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: Overcoming Community Challeng...
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: Overcoming Community Challeng...
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: How the Xen Project is Making...
OSSJP/ALS19: The Road to Safety Certification: How the Xen Project is Making...
XPDDS19: Speculative Sidechannels and Mitigations - Andrew Cooper, Citrix
XPDDS19: Speculative Sidechannels and Mitigations - Andrew Cooper, Citrix
XPDDS19: Keeping Coherency on Arm: Reborn - Julien Grall, Arm ltd
XPDDS19: Keeping Coherency on Arm: Reborn - Julien Grall, Arm ltd
XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...
XPDDS19: QEMU PV Backend 'qdevification'... What Does it Mean? - Paul Durrant...
XPDDS19: Status of PCI Emulation in Xen - Roger Pau Monné, Citrix Systems R&D
XPDDS19: Status of PCI Emulation in Xen - Roger Pau Monné, Citrix Systems R&D
XPDDS19: [ARM] OP-TEE Mediator in Xen - Volodymyr Babchuk, EPAM Systems
XPDDS19: [ARM] OP-TEE Mediator in Xen - Volodymyr Babchuk, EPAM Systems
XPDDS19: Bringing Xen to the Masses: The Story of Building a Community-driven...
XPDDS19: Bringing Xen to the Masses: The Story of Building a Community-driven...
XPDDS19: Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Streamlining Xen Project Contrib...
XPDDS19: Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Streamlining Xen Project Contrib...
XPDDS19: Client Virtualization Toolstack in Go - Nick Rosbrook & Brendan Kerr...
XPDDS19: Client Virtualization Toolstack in Go - Nick Rosbrook & Brendan Kerr...
XPDDS19: Core Scheduling in Xen - Jürgen Groß, SUSE
XPDDS19: Core Scheduling in Xen - Jürgen Groß, SUSE
XPDDS19: Implementing AMD MxGPU - Jonathan Farrell, Assured Information Security
XPDDS19: Implementing AMD MxGPU - Jonathan Farrell, Assured Information Security
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Exploring UiPath Orchestrator API: updates and limits in 2024 🚀
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The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
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This talk focuses on the practical aspects of integrating various telephony systems with Salesforce, drawing on examples from implementations in the Czech scene. It aims to inform attendees about the spectrum of telephony solutions available, from small to large scale, and their compatibility with Salesforce. The presentation will highlight key considerations for selecting a telephony provider that integrates smoothly with Salesforce, including important questions to support the decision-making process. It will also discuss methods for integrating existing telephony systems with Salesforce, aimed at companies contemplating or in the process of adopting this CRM platform. The discussion is designed to provide a straightforward overview of the steps and considerations involved in telephony and Salesforce integration, with an emphasis on functionality, compatibility, and the practical experiences of Czech companies.
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Optimizing NoSQL Performance Through Observability
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ScyllaDB
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application. In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics. Length: 30 minutes Session Overview ------------------------------------------- During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana: - What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests? - What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack? - Which features are provided by Grafana? - Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application To view the webinar recording, go to: https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and Grafana
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and Grafana
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Product School
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Product School
Screen flow is a powerful automation tool that is commonly designed for internal and external users. However, what about the guest users? We will dive into various methods of launching screen flows and understand how to make them publicly accessible, extending their usability to a broader audience. The presentation will also cover the implementation of security layers and highlight best practices for a smooth and protected user experience. Discover the potential of screen flows beyond conventional use and learn how to leverage them effectively.
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Xen Memory Management
1.
Vancouver, February 2009 Memory
management in (x86) Xen Tim Deegan
2.
Xen’s memory services •
Memory management • Allocating memory to guests, scrubbing free memory • Tracking memory usage with reference counts and types Heap allocators and the frametable. • Virtual memory • Protecting guests from each other • Enforcing typing rules, e.g. read-only areas • Providing translation services between address spaces MMU hypercalls, shadow pagetables, hardware-assisted paging © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 2
3.
Terminology • Virtual address/Physical
address/Machine address • Frame vs. Page • PFN: physical frame number • Guest’s abstraction for tracking/allocating RAM • Usually fairly contiguous • GFN: guest frame number • Guest’s idea of what hardware addresses are • Used in guest pagetables • MFN: machine frame number • Actual hardware addresses © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 3
4.
Basic memory management •
Buddy allocator hands out frames • Each guest has a max number of frames • Frame-table records for each frame: • Owner, if any • Linked list of other frames owned by this guest • Reference count (must be zero to free the frame) • Type, and a refcount for the type (must be zero to change type) • TLB-flush-avoidance timestamp © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 4
5.
PV pagetables, a.k.a.
direct paging • PFN MFN table managed by the guest • Shared MFN PFN table provided by Xen • GFN == MFN, so pagetables can be used directly by the hardware • Xen checks the contents of the guest pagetables before allowing the hardware to see them. © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 5
6.
Enforcing isolation • Guest
pagetables must have a pagetable type • Xen checks that page contents obey the typing rules before allowing them to take on PT type • Typing rules: • No mapping other guests’ frames • No read-write mappings of frames with PT type • Modifying an already-typed PT needs a call to Xen to check the modification obeys the rules. (Or trap-and-emulate assistance from Xen.) © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 6
7.
Grant Tables • Guest-supplied
ACLs allowing other guests to map their frames • Mapper makes a hypercall with a domid, an opaque index, and the address of a PTE • Xen checks that entry in the mappee’s grant table and if it’s OK, modifies the PTE • Needs explicit unmap hypercall when finished • Also available: grant-copy, where Xen memcpy()s from/to a granted frame instead of mapping it. © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 7
8.
HVM pagetables • PFN
MFN table managed by Xen • GFN == PFN so need another layer of translation • Guest won’t cooperate in enforcing access control • Two options: • Xen builds shadow copies of guest pagetables with the extra translations and controls added; or • Hardware support for using a second set of pagetables containing extra translations and controls © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 8
9.
Shadow pagetables • Keep
Xen-maintained copies of guest frames that we think are being used as pagetables • Guest never sees the shadows so we can add any translations and restrictions we like • 13 different kinds of shadows depending on what kind of pagetable we think it is: a single frame can have up to 10 shadows at once • Also have three kinds of shadows for faking out superpages (2MB of contiguous PFNs does not mean 2MB of contiguous MFNs) © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 9
10.
Shadow pagetables: building •
Start with an empty top-level shadow of the PFN in CR3 • On pagefault, shadow the entries in the PT walk, making new shadows at each level if necessary. • Each shadow entry is the guest entry with the GFN replaces by an MFN (of the next-level shadow or of guest memory) and extra access restrictions: • Pages that have shadows are mapped read-only. • Extra restrictions can be specified in the PFN MFN table. • We can restrict write access to guest’s frames for tracking page- dirtying during live migration. © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 10
11.
Shadow pagetables: maintenance •
Shadowed pages are always kept read-only. • When the guest writes to a shadowed frame, Xen’s pagefault handler must: • Emulate the current instruction to figure out what’s being written; • Write the new value into the guest pagetable; and • Update the equivalent parts of all shadows of the frame. © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 11
12.
Shadow pagetables: tearing
back down • Shadowing a frame is expensive • Thousands of cycles for trap and emulation of every write. • Easy to tell when a page becomes a PT; harder to tell when it stops: • Reference count based on higher-level shadows and CR3 contents, but hard to know when a PFN’s been used in CR3 for the last time • Guess based on odd-looking page contents • Guess based on memory access patterns • Get PV drivers to give us hints • Recycle under memory pressure by approximating LRU © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 12
13.
Optimizations • Tagged TLBs
(AMD’s ASID; Intel’s VPID) allow us to avoid a TLB flush on every VMEXIT/VMENTER • In theory can do even better now that Win2k8 supports context switching without TLB flushing. • Shadowing not-present entries with invalid entries lets us fast-track “real” pagefaults back to the guest • Out-of-sync shadows: let the guest write directly to the lowest level of pagetables and sync up the shadows whenever a hardware TLB would re-read (TLB flush, page faults, higher-level writes) © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 13
14.
Hardware-assisted paging • Xen
supplies a second set of pagetables describing the PFN MFN translation and extra restrictions • CPU takes a pointer to this as well as a (PFN- space) CR3 value from the guest • MMU hardware applies the composition of the two translations and the intersection of the access rights © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 14
15.
Hardware-assisted paging: performance Avoid
expensive trap + emulate on writes to PTs, and extra logic on pagefault path TLB fill can now take 20 memory accesses! CPU’s TLB is much smaller than the set of shadows we can maintain • AMD’s RVI gives +10% performance over shadows on some workloads, -10% on others; Intel’s EPT seems more consistently better than shadowing • Performance depends heavily on using superpage mappings in the second pagetable © 2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 15
16.
Fin © 2008 Citrix
Systems, Inc. — All rights reserved 16
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