factors_affecting_population_growth.ppt
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There are four main factors that affect population change: birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. Birth rates are influenced by the number of women in the population, education levels, economic status, medical conditions, and culture/religion. Death rates are impacted by development of medicine, sanitation, education, economic development, and war or disasters. Immigration is influenced by pull factors in destinations while emigration stems from push factors in origins. Population growth depends on the rate of natural increase and total fertility rate.
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Summary of topic 3.1
The world's human population is now over 7 billion and growing, though the rate of growth is decreasing as fertility rates fall. Currently the global average fertility rate is 2.6 children per woman, just above replacement level. Population growth is causing increased pressure on resources, though impacts vary in different areas. Factors like education, economic conditions, and health care availability affect birth and death rates regionally. While population models can help predict trends, accurately projecting the future is difficult given numerous variable factors.
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Summary of topic 8.1
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Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
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Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
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Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
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This document discusses parenting styles and developing self-esteem in children. It begins by outlining why parenting skills are important for raising independent, confident children and building a productive nation. It then examines four parenting styles: helicopter parents who are overprotective; drill sergeant parents who demand obedience; laissez-faire parents who are uninvolved; and consultant parents who encourage children's input. Developing self-esteem in children is identified as a key parenting skill, and strategies are provided like giving attention, using encouraging words, praising specific behaviors, and involving children in activities and goal-setting. The conclusion emphasizes that parenting is challenging but important work.
PositiveParenting.pptx
This document provides 10 tips for positive parenting to improve the parent-child relationship. The tips include spending one-on-one time with your child, establishing clear rules and routines, focusing on positive behaviors, using meaningful consequences, and reflecting with your child on their actions. The overall goals are to develop a healthy relationship and provide parents with strategies tailored to each unique child.
WW1. 2014
The document summarizes the key causes and events of World War 1:
1) Militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism contributed to rising tensions in Europe. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked war after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
2) As countries honored their alliance agreements, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria formed the Central Powers against the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States.
3) Over 8 million troops were killed and 21 million wounded or captured by the war's end in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive terms on Germany and established the League of Nations.
Causes_WWI_alliances.ppt
World War I was influenced by a complex system of alliances between European powers that divided the continent into two opposing groups. France and Germany had been bitter rivals since their war in the 1870s, while Germany was vulnerable being situated in central Europe. Otto von Bismarck had previously ensured Germany's security through a network of alliances, but Kaiser Wilhelm abandoned these, leaving Germany encircled by hostile powers. This resulted in France and Russia allying against Germany and Austria-Hungary by the early 20th century. When tensions erupted in the Balkans in 1914, the alliances drew the major European countries into war as the disputes of smaller nations affected their alliance partners.
1 Causes of WWI.ppt
World War I began in June 1914 after the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, pulling its allies like Germany into the conflict. Russia allied with Serbia and France allied with Russia, drawing all the major European powers into a world war through their complex system of alliances. Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism had also increased tensions between the European nations in the decades prior to the war.
Causes_WWI_armsrace.ppt
The document discusses how the arms race between European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries contributed to tensions and insecurity that helped cause World War 1. It notes that defense spending increased four-fold from 1870-1914 for major powers due to nationalism, imperialism, and fears of being militarily weaker than rivals. Germany and Britain engaged in a naval arms race focused on building the most advanced warships, called Dreadnoughts, further heightening tensions between the two powers as they both sought to expand their global empires and naval strength. The buildup of large standing armies and reserves across Europe through conscription meant the major powers had the military capabilities and suspicions of one another to make a major conflict more
Ten Interesting Facts about Lions.pptx
Lions live in social groups called prides of about 15 lions. Within the pride, males defend the territory while females do most of the hunting, though males eat first. Lions are threatened by habitat loss and are now only found in Africa, with the exception of approximately 350-400 remaining Asiatic lions living in India's Sasan-Gir National Park, which was created to protect the species. Despite being called the "king of the jungle", lions actually live on grasslands and plains, not in jungles.
Hippopotamus Facts.pptx
Hippopotamus are large semi-aquatic mammals native to sub-Saharan Africa. They can weigh over 4,400 pounds and inhabit lakes, rivers, and mangrove swamps. Hippos are considered one of the most dangerous animals in Africa, killing an estimated 500 people per year due to their aggressive territorial behavior. Despite their large size, hippos can reach running speeds of over 40 kph on land. Hippos spend their days in water to keep cool and prevent sunburn, but graze on land at night, consuming over 35 kg of grass each night.
Fascinating facts about Rhinos.pptx
Rhinos are one of the most iconic animals yet many people do not know much about them. Some key facts include: the word rhinoceros comes from Greek words meaning nose horn which literally translates to what they are known for, their horn on their nose. There are 5 species of rhinos, three in Africa and two in Asia, with the Javan and Sumatran rhinos being the most endangered.
15 interesting facts abouts whales.pptx
Whales are incredible marine mammals that can hold their breath for over 20 minutes. They travel alone or in pods and communicate through complex songs. Some key facts about whales are that blue whales are the largest animals ever, whale urine makes up part of the ocean, earwax can determine a whale's age, ambergris from whales is used in perfumes, and orcas hunt great white sharks for their livers. Whales migrate long distances to feed and mate each year.
Facts about Hyenas.pptx
Hyenas are common carnivores in Africa that range from North to South Africa. There are four species - brown, spotted, striped, and aardwolf. Spotted hyenas are the largest but all have large heads and jaws. Spotted hyenas are known for their laughing sound, which indicates nervousness or submission, not humor. They exhibit various adaptations like sleeping in water or nearly doubling in size when threatened. Female spotted hyenas have pseudo-penises, and females dominate clan social hierarchies, eating before males. Hyenas are highly intelligent problem solvers.
WWII Student Notes.ppt
After Hitler invaded Poland in 1939, starting WWII, the following key events occurred:
- Germany quickly conquered Western Europe, defeating France in 1940. Britain fought off the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain.
- In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, but their advance was halted at Moscow. Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into the war.
- The tide began to turn in 1942-1943 as the Soviets defeated Germany at Stalingrad and the US took an offensive in the Pacific, island hopping towards Japan.
- Meanwhile, the Nazis implemented the "Final Solution" to systematically murder over 6 million Jews and other groups in concentration camps across Europe in the Holocaust.
WORLD WAR 11.ppt
World War II was the largest war in history lasting from 1939-1945. It involved countries around the world and resulted in over 70 million deaths. The war began after Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Germany was led by Adolf Hitler while the Allied forces included Britain, the USSR, and the US. The war ended in Europe in 1945 after the Allied invasion of Normandy and the Soviet advance. It ended in the Pacific after the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, leading Japan to surrender. Over 60 million people died making it the deadliest conflict in history.
igcse-geography-coastal-management-case-study.pptx
This document discusses a case study about cliff erosion and asks what can be done to manage the impacts of coastal erosion. Management strategies used at locations like Muriwai, Omaha, and Kohimarama Beach could be referenced, such as installing seawalls, replenishing sand, relocating infrastructure, or planting vegetation to stabilize cliffs and beaches.
TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE.pptx
The document summarizes the horrific conditions endured by enslaved people during the Middle Passage from Africa to the New World. It describes how slaves were confined for months in the cramped, unsanitary lower decks of ships in chains with little food or access to facilities. Disease and death were rampant, with around 15-20% of slaves perishing during the journey. Slaves faced constant physical punishment, limited time on deck, and psychological torture like being forced to dance. The conditions were so traumatic that suicide was common, despite severe deterrents used by captains. Over 10 million slaves endured this harrowing experience during the transatlantic slave trade.
Adolf hitler $ winston Churchill.pptx
Adolf Hitler orchestrated both World War II and the Holocaust which led to the deaths of at least 40 million people. He had a difficult relationship with his father who died in 1903, but was close with his mother who died of breast cancer in 1907. Winston Churchill organized a failed World War I attack and gave many famous speeches within a few months during World War II. Though he was voted out of office before the war ended, he had previously earned fame for escaping from a prison camp. Churchill was accident-prone throughout his life but lived until age 90.
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The document summarizes the triangular trade network that was central to the Atlantic slave trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. It describes the three legs of the triangular route: 1) Ships left Europe for Africa with goods and weapons to obtain slaves through attacks, debts or wars. 2) The middle passage involved transporting enslaved Africans in horrific conditions across the Atlantic to the Americas. 3) Ships then returned to Europe from the Americas loaded with raw goods to manufacture and sell. This network systematically exploited humans for profit through the dehumanizing capture and transport of millions of Africans.
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factors_affecting_population_growth.ppt
- 2. There are four factors that affect population change in a country: BIRTH RATE (people who are born) DEATH RATE (people who die) IMMIGRATION (people that move into the country) EMIGRATION (people who move out of the country) These factors are known as ‘vital statistics’ for demographers.
- 3. Birth Rate The number of live births per 1000 in a year. Country Time Period Crude Birth Rate Canada 2005-2010 11.1 Denmark 2005-2010 11.8 Ecuador 2005-2010 22.7 India 2005-2010 22.0 Japan 2005-2010 8.7 Source: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm
- 5. Birth Rates - 2008 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html
- 6. Factors influencing birth rates The number of women in the total population, Range of ages of female population (15-49), Education levels • Societies where women are not treated equally – receive less education = less influence • More education = more time in school, job outside of home = fewer children government policies, • Population control programs the availability of contraception, Economic status • Low income families – have more children to bring more income into the family • No money for birth control Medical conditions and general level of health care in country • More infant and early childhood deaths • Have many children in hopes that some will survive to reach maturity culture & religion • Promotion of larger or smaller families
- 7. British Birth Rates on the rise http://www.independent.co.uk/news/ uk/home-news/british-birth-rate- leaps-by-18-in-a-decade- 9107483.html
- 8. New baby boom? http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/0 1/29/new-baby-boom-how-global- birthrates-could-bounce-back/
- 9. DEATH RATE The number of deaths per 1000 in a year. Country Time Period Crude Death Rate Canada 2005-2010 7.3 Denmark 2005-2010 10.1 Ecuador 2005-2010 5.0 India 2005-2010 8.1 Japan 2005-2010 8.8 Source: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm
- 11. Death Rates - 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Death_rate_world _map_CIA_2009.PNG
- 12. Factors influencing death rates Development of new and advance medical knowledge and better trained doctors. • Cost of services Improved sanitation or vaccination programs – members of MEDCs play this role in LEDCs Education- Knowledge about balanced diet • Help maintain their children’s health as well as their own • Women in particular (usually the principal caregivers) Availability of food and clean water which are essential for good health. Level of Economic development- wealthier areas are able to afford good diets and healthy lifestyles hence less death rates. War and environmental disasters The country’s fertility rate • Large population may increase the general death rates.
- 13. Case Studies (Groups of 3-4) 1. A Woman’s Life in Mali (Page 170) • What conditions affect the number of children Sow has? 2. Russia’s increasing death rate (Page 172) • What changes within Russian society caused the dramatic changes in life expectancy in that country?
- 14. IMMIGRATION The number of people moving into a country. Pull factors-characteristics of a place that attracts people to it.
- 15. EMIGRATION The number of people leaving a country Push Factors-characteristics of a place that causes people to leave. Refugees- people who are forced to leave their country due to war, life- threatening discrimination, famine, or natural disasters.
- 16. Replacement Level Replacement Level – The number of children required to keep the population of a country constant, not taking migration into consideration. This is about 2.1 children per female in MDCs and 2.5 children per female in LDCs.
- 17. Total Fertility Rate Total Fertility Rate – The average number of children a woman has in her lifetime in a country. Factors: • Religion • Culture • Social values and economic status …Tends to be higher in less developed countries.
- 18. Rate of Natural Increase Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) – birth rate minus death rate, calculated as a percentage; this does not take migration into consideration RNI (%) = BR - DR 10 (in order to get a % you must divide by 10 because BR and DR are measured per 1000)
- 19. Doubling Population Rule Doubling Time – The time in years needed for a population to double its size assuming the growth rate remains the same. DT (years) = 70__ RNI
- 20. Infant Mortality Rate (<1year) based upon the number of live births that do not reach their first birthday (per 1000 births) Underlying cause of about half of infant deaths • Malnutrition
- 21. Child Mortality Rate (1-5 years) based upon the number of children that die between their 1st and 5th birthdays (per 1000 births)
Editor's Notes
- https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html