The document outlines the key components of writing an effective process description, including a clear title, introduction, stages, and conclusion. It explains that a process description consists of four main parts: the introduction defines the process and previews the stages, while each stage has a heading, definition of what happens, and explanation of the steps. Sequence words are used to show the order of events. The conclusion summarizes the stages and provides a complete example of the process.

1. writing
DESCRIPTIONS
PROCESSDESCRIPTIONS
PROCESS
writing

2. OUTCOMES

3. OUTCOMES
Recognize the correct organization
of a process description

4. OUTCOMES
Identify the key components of an
effective introduction

5. OUTCOMES
Describe each stage in a process
correctly

6. OUTCOMES
Write an appropriate conclusion

7. PROCESS
DESCRIPTION

8. A general, step-by-step description
of how a process happens
PROCESS
DESCRIPTION

9. It does not tell the reader what to
do but describes how something
happens
PROCESS
DESCRIPTION

10. consists of four main parts
PROCESS
DESCRIPTION

11. Clear Title

12. Start with a clear title that
precisely states the topic.

13. Start with the word
“How”

14. How a Wind Turbine
Generates Electricity
e.g.

15. Introduction

16. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages

17. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Start with a definition of
the process you’re
describing

18. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Explain the intended
audience and the purpose
of the description

19. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Mention any prior
knowledge the reader will
need in order to
understand the
description.

20. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Provide a brief overview of
what happens during the
process

21. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Mention any special
conditions that are needed
for the process to happen

22. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Give a definition of any
ambiguous terms or terms
that reader may not know

23. Definiton
Intended Audience
Prior Knowledge
Brief Overview
Special Conditions
Definitions
Preview of Stages
Mention any special
conditions that are needed
for the process to happen

24. A turbine is a machine that spins around in a moving fluid (liquid or gas) and catches some of the energy passing by. A wind
turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical energy. In the same way that a windmill can
harness the power of the wind to grind wheat or pump water, a modern wind turbine uses the wind to provide the energy we
need rot run our homes and our businesses.
This description is intended to describe to a non-technical audience the basic process of how wind turbines convert wind into
electricity.
To operate, a wind turbine needs rotors (blades), a gearbox, a generator and a tower. It also needs adequate wind. Wind Power
Density (WPD) is derived from a combination of wind speed, wind sustainability, turbulence, height above the ground and a
number of other factors. Depending on their size, turbines need wind speeds of between 12 and 45 miles per hour in order to
generate electricity.
The top part of the turbine rotates so that the blades are facing the wind. a combination of a gearbox and a generator then turn
the power of the wind into electricity which is stored in a nearby substation to be used when it is needed.
Special Terms
Nacelle: main body of the turbine which contains a gearbox and a generator
Anemometer: instrument that measures wind speed
The major steps explained here are:
1. Capturing the wind
2. Converting the power
3. Providing electricity
e.g.

25. A turbine is a machine that spins around in a moving fluid (liquid or gas) and catches some of the energy passing by. A wind
turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical energy. In the same way that a windmill can
harness the power of the wind to grind wheat or pump water, a modern wind turbine uses the wind to provide the energy we
need rot run our homes and our businesses.
This description is intended to describe to a non-technical audience the basic process of how wind turbines convert wind into
electricity.
To operate, a wind turbine needs rotors (blades), a gearbox, a generator and a tower. It also needs adequate wind. Wind Power
Density (WPD) is derived from a combination of wind speed, wind sustainability, turbulence, height above the ground and a
number of other factors. Depending on their size, turbines need wind speeds of between 12 and 45 miles per hour in order to
generate electricity.
The top part of the turbine rotates so that the blades are facing the wind. a combination of a gearbox and a generator then turn
the power of the wind into electricity which is stored in a nearby substation to be used when it is needed.
Special Terms
Nacelle: main body of the turbine which contains a gearbox and a generator
Anemometer: instrument that measures wind speed
The major steps explained here are:
1. Capturing the wind
2. Converting the power
3. Providing electricity
definition
audience
special conditions
overview
special terms
stages
e.g.

26. Stages in the
Process

27. Each stage in is a
process in itself.

28. The description of each stage
should be a miniature process
description.

29. Definition
Special Conditions
Process
Sub-stages

30. Definition
Special Conditions
Process
Sub-stages
Start with a definition by
explaining the overall change
or effect of the stage.

31. Definition
Special Conditions
Process
Sub-stages
Mention any conditions that
are needed for this stage to
work (e.g. what should have
happened in previous stages)

32. Definition
Special Conditions
Process
Sub-stages
Give a step-by-step
explanation of what happens
during the stage

33. Definition
Special Conditions
Process
Sub-stages
If the stage is divided into
sub-stages, discuss each one
in turn with a separate sub-
heading.

34. Always describe the stages
of the process in the
chronological order.
H

35. Converting
Converting is the stage at which the kinetic wind energy is changed into
electric energy that can be used by people. As the rotors spin around
slowly (capturing the kinetic power of the wind), they turn the central drive
shaft. Inside the nacelle, the gearbox then converts the low-speed rotation
of the central shaft (approx. 16 rpm) into a high-speed rotation (1600 rpm)
fast enough to drive the generator efficiently. Next, the generator, which is
located behind the gearbox, takes the kinetic energy from the spinning
drive shaft and converts it into electrical energy.
e.g.

36. Converting
Converting is the stage at which the kinetic wind energy is changed into
electric energy that can be used by people. As the rotors spin around
slowly (capturing the kinetic power of the wind), they turn the central drive
shaft. Inside the nacelle, the gearbox then converts the low-speed rotation
of the central shaft (approx. 16 rpm) into a high-speed rotation (1600 rpm)
fast enough to drive the generator efficiently. Next, the generator, which is
located behind the gearbox, takes the kinetic energy from the spinning
drive shaft and converts it into electrical energy.
heading
definition
what happens
e.g.

37. Use sequence words to
show the order of events

38. Converting
Converting is the stage at which the kinetic wind energy is changed into
electric energy that can be used by people. As the rotors spin around
slowly (capturing the kinetic power of the wind), they turn the central drive
shaft. Inside the nacelle, the gearbox then converts the low-speed rotation
of the central shaft (approx. 16 rpm) into a high-speed rotation (1600 rpm)
fast enough to drive the generator efficiently. Next, the generator, which is
located behind the gearbox, takes the kinetic energy from the spinning
drive shaft and converts it into electrical energy.
e.g.

39. e.g.
Converting
Converting is the stage at which the kinetic wind energy is changed into
electric energy that can be used by people. As the rotors spin around
slowly (capturing the kinetic power of the wind), they turn the central drive
shaft. Inside the nacelle, the gearbox then converts the low-speed rotation
of the central shaft (approx. 16 rpm) into a high-speed rotation (1600 rpm)
fast enough to drive the generator efficiently. Next, the generator, which is
located behind the gearbox, takes the kinetic energy from the spinning
drive shaft and converts it into electrical energy.

40. Conclusion

41. Summary
Complete Cycle

42. Summary
Complete Cycle
Summarize the description
by reminding the reader of
the stages.

43. Summary
Complete Cycle
Go through one complete
cycle of the process by briefly
describing what happens at
each stage.

44. e.g
Conclusion
Wind turbines convert the kinetic power of the wind into electrical power
that can be used by people in three major stages; 1) capturing the wind, 2)
converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and 3) providing energy to
homes and buildings.
Instruments attached to the turbine measure the speed and direction of
the wind so that the rotors can turn to face directly into it. The wind causes
the rotors to spin which turns the central shaft they are mounted on. A gear
box increases the speed of the revolution until it is fast enough to power a
generator. The generated electrical energy is then transported down the
tower and through a transformer to an electrical substation which
provides the energy to nearby communities.

45. e.g
Conclusion
Wind turbines convert the kinetic power of the wind into electrical power
that can be used by people in three major stages; 1) capturing the wind, 2)
converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and 3) providing energy to
homes and buildings.
Instruments attached to the turbine measure the speed and direction of
the wind so that the rotors can turn to face directly into it. The wind causes
the rotors to spin which turns the central shaft they are mounted on. A gear
box increases the speed of the revolution until it is fast enough to power a
generator. The generated electrical energy is then transported down the
tower and through a transformer to an electrical substation which
provides the energy to nearby communities.
summary
complete cycle

46. Review

47. End of LessonEnd of Lesson