After establishing basic literacy in a student's first language, reading instruction should focus on developing sub-skills like decoding, skimming, scanning, and inferring through activities done before, during, and after reading. Writing instruction starts with developing fine motor skills and consolidating oral work, then provides frameworks to guide initial writing, with feedback that focuses first on content and then on correcting language aspects.

1. READING AND WRITING

2. WHEN TO START READING
After basic literacy has been established in L1

3. HOW TO APPROACH TEACHING READING
SUB-
SKILLS
De-coding
Skimming
Scanning
Inferring
Understanding

4. BEFORE
WHILE
AFTER

5. FROM READING TO WRITING

6. INITIAL WRITING
Develop hand-eye coordination
fine motor skill
Consolidate oral work reinforcing vocabulary items, sentence patterns
Mechanical activities
Provide frameworks to guide children’s writing

7. HOW TO APPROACH TEACHING WRITING

8. FEEDBACK AND CORRECTION
POSITIVE COMMENT ON CONTENT + CORRECTION ASPECT OF LANGUAGE

10. REFERENCES
 500 Activities for the Primary Classroom. Carol Read. Macmillan Education. 2007.