Afghanistan has a long history but became a fragile state due to factors like corruption, drug trafficking, extremism, and insecurity dampening investment. Social indicators show issues like demographic pressures, refugees/displacement, and brain drain. The economy suffers from underdevelopment, poverty, and a reliance on foreign aid. Politically, there are problems with criminalization, human rights abuses, and uncertainty after the handover of security responsibilities. Stabilization may require building inclusive coalitions, supporting businesses, prioritizing accountability, and improving state-society interaction.

1. World Politics
Prof. Gary Giss
Ly Sen Tam 1258067
Tran Thi Ngoc Quy 1258061
Pham Thi Kim Ngan 1258038
Truong Thi Thu Thao 1258072
Keuka College University of Science

2. Topic: Falling/Fragile States

3. Content
• Brief History of The Founding of The State
• Why The State Is Fragile
• Social Indicators
• Economic Indicators
• Political Indicators
• Ways To Stabilize The State

4. Brief History of The Founding of The State
3000-2000BC, urban
civilization began
550-331BC, Irania
Achaemenia Dynasty
331-327BC, Alexander the
Great defeated
Achaemenia (Greek
culture)
Mauryan Empire of India
gained control (Buddism
appeared)
3rd-17th Cent AD, the
Kussian Empire and the
Sassanian Empire.
642AD, Arab invaded
entire region (Islam)
1747, Ahmad Shah
Durrany unified the
Pashtun tribes (Durrany
Empire = modern
Afghanistan)
Late 19th Cent,
Afghanistan became a
buffer state between the
British Indian Empire and
the Russian Empire *
1979, the Soviet Union
invaded (frail Afghan
Communist regime)
1994, all civil wars and
anarchies ended (Parkistan
sponsored movement)
Sep 11, 2001, terrorist
attacked. Taliban toppled
for shelterring Osama Bin
Laden *
Dec 2004-2014, Hamid
Kazai was the president
2014, presidental election
was controversial.
Ashraf Ghani Admadzai
and Abdullah Abdullah
came to share a power-
sharing aggreement*

5. Why The State Is Fragile
• Administrative corruption
• Drug smuggling
• Extremism
• Pirates and terrorist
• Insecurity has undermined investment

6. Social Indicators
• Demographics pressures
• Massive movement of refugees & internally displaced
persons
• Brain drain

7. Social Indicators
• Population: 32,564,342 (July 2015 est.)
• Growth rate: 2.32% (2015 est.)
• Unemployment rate: 35% (2008)
• Birth rate: 38.57 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
• Death rate: 13.89 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
• Gender ratio: At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
=> Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
• Infant Mortality Rate:
Total: 115.08 deaths/1,000 live births
Male: 122.64 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 107.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
• Urbanization:
*Urban population: 23% of total population
*4.7% annual rate of change (2012-15 est.) (2010 est.)

8. Social Indicators
Refugees movement
• In 1978, 26 million
inhabitants fleed their
homes
• In 1979, 1.5 million
Afghans refuged
• In 1986, increased 5
million
• In 2000, 10.000 of
Afghans abandoned their
homes in search of food
• In 2001, about 900,000
Afghans had been
internally displaced

9. Social Indicators
Brain Drain

10. Economic Indicators

11. Economic Indicators

12. Economic Indicators

13. Economic Indicators

14. Political Indicators
The criminalization and detemisumation: insecurity is
severely afecting humanitarian operations in A and relief
activities by military forces lead to a blurring of the lines
between military and civilian roles.

15. Political Indicators
Widespread of vilolation of human right: components of the
commission's assistance include also protection actuvities, water
and sanitation, shelter, food assistance abd reponse to small scale
natural disasters.

16. Political Indicators
Some human right was enacted in Afghanistan

17. Political Indicators
The ANSF took over lead responsibility for securuty
throughout AF. Despite an intense military campaign by
the TAliban.

18. Ways To Stabilize The State
• Trust and confidence in the government can be generated through a concerted
effort to build inclusive coalitions of state and non-state actors, expand independent
media, and construct a rules-based,…
• International partners should better support the needs of private businesses in
fragile states, as they represent an anchor of stability and a rare positive influence.
• Key elements of stabilization strategies include security and justice, revenue and
expenditure management, and job creation, but priority should be placed on
inclusive state-society interaction and accountability at all times and levels.

19. References
• http://africacenter.org/security/topic/stabilization/#sthash.pnozBLN8.dpu
• http://xemdi.vn/diem-mat-25-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-
n834062.html
• http://news.zing.vn/Nhung-quoc-gia-hon-loan-nhat-the-gioi-
post551891.html
• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHA
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