SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 20
Making of a nation:
Australia
A changing world: 1750–1914
Today‘s lesson
New unit ―Making of a Nation‖ explore meaning.
Definitions
Changing in world populations (data and graph
Movement of world population (map exploration)
Australian changes in population (data and
comprehension task)
Homework
Definitions
Imperialism
• The policy of seeking to extend the power and the territories of a
particular, dominant nation to create an empire.
• The territories of the dominant power are called colonies.
Frontier violence (in Australian context)
• Termed the ‘frontier wars’.
• A 150 year series of conflicts fought between Aboriginal peoples and
European settlers.
• Began several months after the First Fleet arrived in Sydney in January
1788
• Last clashes occurred as late as the 1930s.
• Fighting broke out when the settlements expanded
• Disrupted traditional Indigenous food-gathering activities.
Pastoralists
• Farmers or agriculturalists engaged in raising animals for food or other
resources such as woollen fibre.
• In Australia, sheep (wool) and beef cattle were the mainstays of the
Indentured labour
• a system of hiring labour for a period of time
• often providing the worker food and staples
• Payment is usually made at the end of the contract period.
• Australian eg South Sea Islanders between 1863 and 1904.
Working class
• Social group of people employed for wages especially in manual or
industrial work.
• Australian term is ‘blue collar’ workers (compared with office ‘white collar’
or workers).
Nationalism
• feeling of belonging to a nation
• Belief that territory (their own land) and a common culture are part of a
nation.
• Gives rise to movements seeking national independence and a desire for a
homeland.
Constitutional Convention
• conference or formal meeting of delegates whose aim is to draft or revise a
constitution.
• A constitution is a set of laws used to control how a government operates.
A changing world: 1750–
1914
From the middle of the 18th century to the
beginning of the 20th century the population of
the world was moving.
Certain regions of the world experienced
dramatic technological and social changes while
other regions remained relatively the same.
A snapshot of this period can be seen through
the analysis of population statistics over the
period.
World population growth:
1750-1900
Data as percentage.
Date Africa Asia Europe Latin
America
and
Caribbean
Northern
America
Oceania1
World
1750 106 000
000
13.4%
502 000
000
63.5%
163 000
000
20.5%
16 000 000
2.0%
2 000 000
0.3%
2 000 000
0.3%
791 000 000
1800 107 000
000
10.9%
635 000
000
64.9%
203 000
000
20.8%
24 000 000
2.5%
7 000 000
0.7%
2 000 000
0.2%
978 000 000
1850 111 000
000
8.8%
809 000
000
64.1%
276 000
000
21.9%
38 000 000
3.0%
26 000 000
2.1%
2 000 000
0.2%
1 262 000
000
1900 133 000
000
8.1%
947 000
000
57.4%
408 000
000
24.7%
74 000 000
4.5%
82 000 000
5.0%
6 000 000
0.4%
1 650 000
000
Task 1: Table
Complete your table by marking the statements
either:
1. TRUE or
2. FALSE
Then provide evidence from the table to either
support or refute the statement.
Between 1750 and 1900 the world’s population slightly more than
doubled. True
It grew from
791 000 000 (double
= 1 592 000) to 1 650
000
* Over the period Asia’s percentage of world population continued to
grow. False
It grows between
1750-1850, but
declines from 1850-
1900
Asia remained the most populous region of the world over the period.
True
Total population
remained higher than
any other region.
Europe saw the most significant percentage growth in population
throughout the world over the period. False
No, North America
did.
The population of Oceania (which includes Australia) remained
constant for 100 years and then dramatically increased over a span of
50 years. True
It stayed on 2 000 000
between 1750-1850
then trebled by 1900.
There was nowhere in the world where population did not grow. True All regions’
populations increased
Regions of the world which show a decline in the percentage of world
population over the period are Latin America and Northern America.
False
Both increase:
Latin America 2.0%-
4.5%,
North America 0.3%-
5.0%
Question?
What factors might account for the significant percentage
growth in population in Europe and North America?
Watch the following short video and learning object and
see if you can think of any reasons why.
http://www.the-map-as-
history.com/demos/tome05/index.php
http://clewett.net.au/history/learningobject/interactiveMap/in
dex.html
Task: History of movement
of people 1754-1914
Examine the following maps which show the
movement of people in the world from 1754 –
1914.
Complete the tables for this task which are
located in your workbook.
European Imperial
expansion 1754
European imperial
expansion 1800
European imperial
expansion 1914
Answers
Time 1754 1800 1914
Who is moving?
(Slaves, settlers or
convicts?)
Slaves, settlers Slaves, convicts, settlers Settlers
Where are they
moving from?
Settlers from Europe,
slaves from Africa
(particularly Western
Africa)
Settlers and convicts
from Europe, slaves
from Africa (particularly
Western Africa)
Settlers from Europe,
China, India and the
Pacific
Where are they going
to?
New world (North &
South America and the
Caribbean)
New world (North &
South America and the
Caribbean)
Some to South Africa
Australia
New world (North &
South America)
Some to South Africa
and East Africa
Australia and The
Pacific
Answers
Time 1754 1800 1914
The dominant
European countries
with imperial
possessions (top two
or three)
Spain, England (Britain),
France, Portugal
Spain, England (Britain),
Netherlands
England (Britain),
France, Russia
Continents where
European countries
control more than
50% of land area
South America, maybe
North America (but
probably not)
South America
North America (US
independence wars
occurring)
Australia
Asia (with Russian
dominance in the north)
Africa, North America
(US independent and
now an imperial power in
its own right)
What factors might account for why Europe was able to dominate
the world at this time?
Industrial power and might (plus military advantages with naval
power and cannons etc.) — the Industrial Revolution gave them
technological advantages.
The Australian experience:
What was the nature of the movement of people to Australia from British
‗settlement‘ in 1788 to federation in 1901? (Note the different ‗waves‘ of
migration.) It began with convicts but soon free settlement dominated,
particularly after the discovery of gold in 1851.
What nations of the world have been the sources of Australia‘s migration
history? Britain and Ireland, Continental Europe, the USA, South Pacific
Islands and China.
What national development saw the nature of migration to Australia change?
Gold discovery
How was this change evident? Through a massive increase in migration —
with population soaring by over 600 000 in just ten or so years.
What does this source imply about the impact of Australia‘s migration on the
nation‘s development?
The implication is that migration created the modern Australian nation — note
the line ‗Migration has been the main driver of this change‘.
The Australian experience
(cont)
Australia‘s immigrant population (those not born in Australia but who were in
the country in 1901) is dominantly European — what percentage of the total
population are British or other European? 20%
Is the Asian-born component of the population significant? Statistically no — at
1.3% — but this small but visible Chinese population (combined with
Australia‘s geographic position) had quite a significant social and psychological
impact.
Why might Aboriginal people not be counted in the cencus? Some might
argue that it was an embodiment of the terra nullius principle — the land
was empty of people. In fact, Australia’s Indigenous population was
deemed to be part of the flora and fauna (i.e. wild animals and plants)
until the 1967 referendum. In the lead up to federation, Queensland and
Western Australia were prevented from using their large Aboriginal
population to gain extra seats in the House of Representatives and extra
funding by not counting Aboriginal peoples in the Census.
What does it suggest about the attitude of the Australian government and the
non-Indigenous public to Aboriginal peoples? That the attitude was
dismissive, contemptuous, racist or simply indifferent. It also shows that
politics is ultimately reduced to numbers and the mighty dollar.
Review today‘s lesson
New unit ―Making of a Nation‖ explore meaning.
Definitions
Changing in world populations (data and graph
Movement of world population (map exploration)
Australian changes in population (data and
comprehension task)
Homework

More Related Content

What's hot

Declaration of independence
Declaration of independence Declaration of independence
Declaration of independence markittrell
 
Native Americans powerpoint
Native Americans powerpointNative Americans powerpoint
Native Americans powerpointaccesssfax
 
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary PartyHome rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Partymrdowdican
 
The system of government in Great Britain
The system of government in Great BritainThe system of government in Great Britain
The system of government in Great BritainYevgeniya Grigoryeva
 
Australia
AustraliaAustralia
Australiakhial-h
 
Imperialism
ImperialismImperialism
Imperialismbbednars
 
Introduction to The Stolen Generation
Introduction to The Stolen GenerationIntroduction to The Stolen Generation
Introduction to The Stolen GenerationCarolyne Thornton
 
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint lloydy12341
 
Italy’s Road to WWII
Italy’s Road to WWIIItaly’s Road to WWII
Italy’s Road to WWIImrbruns
 
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson's 14 PointsWoodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson's 14 PointsMackenzieEnright
 
The Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty Of Versaillesguest0a59f4
 
The English Civil War
The English Civil WarThe English Civil War
The English Civil WarMicaelaD2
 
African genocide ppt
African genocide pptAfrican genocide ppt
African genocide pptaheathcock
 

What's hot (20)

Declaration of independence
Declaration of independence Declaration of independence
Declaration of independence
 
Native Americans powerpoint
Native Americans powerpointNative Americans powerpoint
Native Americans powerpoint
 
13 Colonies
13 Colonies13 Colonies
13 Colonies
 
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary PartyHome rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
 
The system of government in Great Britain
The system of government in Great BritainThe system of government in Great Britain
The system of government in Great Britain
 
Apartheid in South Africa
Apartheid in South AfricaApartheid in South Africa
Apartheid in South Africa
 
australian politics
australian politicsaustralian politics
australian politics
 
Australia
AustraliaAustralia
Australia
 
Crimean War
Crimean WarCrimean War
Crimean War
 
Imperialism
ImperialismImperialism
Imperialism
 
Australia history powerpoint
Australia history  powerpointAustralia history  powerpoint
Australia history powerpoint
 
Introduction to The Stolen Generation
Introduction to The Stolen GenerationIntroduction to The Stolen Generation
Introduction to The Stolen Generation
 
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint
Wilsons 14 point plan powerpoint
 
Italy’s Road to WWII
Italy’s Road to WWIIItaly’s Road to WWII
Italy’s Road to WWII
 
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson's 14 PointsWoodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
 
The Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty Of VersaillesThe Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty Of Versailles
 
The English Civil War
The English Civil WarThe English Civil War
The English Civil War
 
History Of USA
History Of USAHistory Of USA
History Of USA
 
Australia History
Australia HistoryAustralia History
Australia History
 
African genocide ppt
African genocide pptAfrican genocide ppt
African genocide ppt
 

Viewers also liked (8)

Jesus & Politics
Jesus & PoliticsJesus & Politics
Jesus & Politics
 
Australia Legal Power Point
Australia Legal Power PointAustralia Legal Power Point
Australia Legal Power Point
 
The role of the courts in law making
The role of the courts in law makingThe role of the courts in law making
The role of the courts in law making
 
Australian court system
Australian court systemAustralian court system
Australian court system
 
Law and Society
Law and SocietyLaw and Society
Law and Society
 
Law and society
Law and societyLaw and society
Law and society
 
Australian legal system
Australian legal systemAustralian legal system
Australian legal system
 
Nation and Nationalism Theories
Nation and Nationalism TheoriesNation and Nationalism Theories
Nation and Nationalism Theories
 

Similar to Making of a Nation - Introduction

History of Australian Immigration.docx
History of Australian Immigration.docxHistory of Australian Immigration.docx
History of Australian Immigration.docxZunaisha1
 
Populate or perish PPT
Populate or perish PPTPopulate or perish PPT
Populate or perish PPTAlex Thompson
 
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptx
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptxLESSON 2. HISTORY.pptx
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptxBaoHoangBa
 
WORKSHEET 10.1A Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx
   WORKSHEET 10.1A    Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx   WORKSHEET 10.1A    Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx
WORKSHEET 10.1A Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docxShiraPrater50
 
Introduction To Immigration
Introduction To ImmigrationIntroduction To Immigration
Introduction To Immigrationclemaitre
 
Making of global world
Making of global worldMaking of global world
Making of global worldankit thakur
 
Movement of people to australia pre 1900
Movement of people to australia pre 1900Movement of people to australia pre 1900
Movement of people to australia pre 1900daviddunlop1
 

Similar to Making of a Nation - Introduction (10)

History of Australian Immigration.docx
History of Australian Immigration.docxHistory of Australian Immigration.docx
History of Australian Immigration.docx
 
Populate or perish PPT
Populate or perish PPTPopulate or perish PPT
Populate or perish PPT
 
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptx
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptxLESSON 2. HISTORY.pptx
LESSON 2. HISTORY.pptx
 
Imperialism second wave
Imperialism second waveImperialism second wave
Imperialism second wave
 
WORKSHEET 10.1A Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx
   WORKSHEET 10.1A    Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx   WORKSHEET 10.1A    Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx
WORKSHEET 10.1A Summary QuestionnaireUse the filled-out W.docx
 
Essay On Imperialism
Essay On ImperialismEssay On Imperialism
Essay On Imperialism
 
Chinese immigration to australia
Chinese immigration to australiaChinese immigration to australia
Chinese immigration to australia
 
Introduction To Immigration
Introduction To ImmigrationIntroduction To Immigration
Introduction To Immigration
 
Making of global world
Making of global worldMaking of global world
Making of global world
 
Movement of people to australia pre 1900
Movement of people to australia pre 1900Movement of people to australia pre 1900
Movement of people to australia pre 1900
 

Recently uploaded

18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdfssuser54595a
 
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityGeoBlogs
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesFatimaKhan178732
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxmanuelaromero2013
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxVS Mahajan Coaching Centre
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxGaneshChakor2
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionMaksud Ahmed
 

Recently uploaded (20)

18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
 
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
 
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSDStaff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
 
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini Delhi NCR
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini  Delhi NCR9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini  Delhi NCR
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini Delhi NCR
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  ) Hybridoma Technology  ( Production , Purification , and Application  )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 

Making of a Nation - Introduction

  • 1. Making of a nation: Australia A changing world: 1750–1914
  • 2. Today‘s lesson New unit ―Making of a Nation‖ explore meaning. Definitions Changing in world populations (data and graph Movement of world population (map exploration) Australian changes in population (data and comprehension task) Homework
  • 3. Definitions Imperialism • The policy of seeking to extend the power and the territories of a particular, dominant nation to create an empire. • The territories of the dominant power are called colonies. Frontier violence (in Australian context) • Termed the ‘frontier wars’. • A 150 year series of conflicts fought between Aboriginal peoples and European settlers. • Began several months after the First Fleet arrived in Sydney in January 1788 • Last clashes occurred as late as the 1930s. • Fighting broke out when the settlements expanded • Disrupted traditional Indigenous food-gathering activities. Pastoralists • Farmers or agriculturalists engaged in raising animals for food or other resources such as woollen fibre. • In Australia, sheep (wool) and beef cattle were the mainstays of the
  • 4. Indentured labour • a system of hiring labour for a period of time • often providing the worker food and staples • Payment is usually made at the end of the contract period. • Australian eg South Sea Islanders between 1863 and 1904. Working class • Social group of people employed for wages especially in manual or industrial work. • Australian term is ‘blue collar’ workers (compared with office ‘white collar’ or workers). Nationalism • feeling of belonging to a nation • Belief that territory (their own land) and a common culture are part of a nation. • Gives rise to movements seeking national independence and a desire for a homeland. Constitutional Convention • conference or formal meeting of delegates whose aim is to draft or revise a constitution. • A constitution is a set of laws used to control how a government operates.
  • 5. A changing world: 1750– 1914 From the middle of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century the population of the world was moving. Certain regions of the world experienced dramatic technological and social changes while other regions remained relatively the same. A snapshot of this period can be seen through the analysis of population statistics over the period.
  • 7.
  • 8. Data as percentage. Date Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean Northern America Oceania1 World 1750 106 000 000 13.4% 502 000 000 63.5% 163 000 000 20.5% 16 000 000 2.0% 2 000 000 0.3% 2 000 000 0.3% 791 000 000 1800 107 000 000 10.9% 635 000 000 64.9% 203 000 000 20.8% 24 000 000 2.5% 7 000 000 0.7% 2 000 000 0.2% 978 000 000 1850 111 000 000 8.8% 809 000 000 64.1% 276 000 000 21.9% 38 000 000 3.0% 26 000 000 2.1% 2 000 000 0.2% 1 262 000 000 1900 133 000 000 8.1% 947 000 000 57.4% 408 000 000 24.7% 74 000 000 4.5% 82 000 000 5.0% 6 000 000 0.4% 1 650 000 000
  • 9. Task 1: Table Complete your table by marking the statements either: 1. TRUE or 2. FALSE Then provide evidence from the table to either support or refute the statement.
  • 10. Between 1750 and 1900 the world’s population slightly more than doubled. True It grew from 791 000 000 (double = 1 592 000) to 1 650 000 * Over the period Asia’s percentage of world population continued to grow. False It grows between 1750-1850, but declines from 1850- 1900 Asia remained the most populous region of the world over the period. True Total population remained higher than any other region. Europe saw the most significant percentage growth in population throughout the world over the period. False No, North America did. The population of Oceania (which includes Australia) remained constant for 100 years and then dramatically increased over a span of 50 years. True It stayed on 2 000 000 between 1750-1850 then trebled by 1900. There was nowhere in the world where population did not grow. True All regions’ populations increased Regions of the world which show a decline in the percentage of world population over the period are Latin America and Northern America. False Both increase: Latin America 2.0%- 4.5%, North America 0.3%- 5.0%
  • 11. Question? What factors might account for the significant percentage growth in population in Europe and North America? Watch the following short video and learning object and see if you can think of any reasons why. http://www.the-map-as- history.com/demos/tome05/index.php http://clewett.net.au/history/learningobject/interactiveMap/in dex.html
  • 12. Task: History of movement of people 1754-1914 Examine the following maps which show the movement of people in the world from 1754 – 1914. Complete the tables for this task which are located in your workbook.
  • 16. Answers Time 1754 1800 1914 Who is moving? (Slaves, settlers or convicts?) Slaves, settlers Slaves, convicts, settlers Settlers Where are they moving from? Settlers from Europe, slaves from Africa (particularly Western Africa) Settlers and convicts from Europe, slaves from Africa (particularly Western Africa) Settlers from Europe, China, India and the Pacific Where are they going to? New world (North & South America and the Caribbean) New world (North & South America and the Caribbean) Some to South Africa Australia New world (North & South America) Some to South Africa and East Africa Australia and The Pacific
  • 17. Answers Time 1754 1800 1914 The dominant European countries with imperial possessions (top two or three) Spain, England (Britain), France, Portugal Spain, England (Britain), Netherlands England (Britain), France, Russia Continents where European countries control more than 50% of land area South America, maybe North America (but probably not) South America North America (US independence wars occurring) Australia Asia (with Russian dominance in the north) Africa, North America (US independent and now an imperial power in its own right) What factors might account for why Europe was able to dominate the world at this time? Industrial power and might (plus military advantages with naval power and cannons etc.) — the Industrial Revolution gave them technological advantages.
  • 18. The Australian experience: What was the nature of the movement of people to Australia from British ‗settlement‘ in 1788 to federation in 1901? (Note the different ‗waves‘ of migration.) It began with convicts but soon free settlement dominated, particularly after the discovery of gold in 1851. What nations of the world have been the sources of Australia‘s migration history? Britain and Ireland, Continental Europe, the USA, South Pacific Islands and China. What national development saw the nature of migration to Australia change? Gold discovery How was this change evident? Through a massive increase in migration — with population soaring by over 600 000 in just ten or so years. What does this source imply about the impact of Australia‘s migration on the nation‘s development? The implication is that migration created the modern Australian nation — note the line ‗Migration has been the main driver of this change‘.
  • 19. The Australian experience (cont) Australia‘s immigrant population (those not born in Australia but who were in the country in 1901) is dominantly European — what percentage of the total population are British or other European? 20% Is the Asian-born component of the population significant? Statistically no — at 1.3% — but this small but visible Chinese population (combined with Australia‘s geographic position) had quite a significant social and psychological impact. Why might Aboriginal people not be counted in the cencus? Some might argue that it was an embodiment of the terra nullius principle — the land was empty of people. In fact, Australia’s Indigenous population was deemed to be part of the flora and fauna (i.e. wild animals and plants) until the 1967 referendum. In the lead up to federation, Queensland and Western Australia were prevented from using their large Aboriginal population to gain extra seats in the House of Representatives and extra funding by not counting Aboriginal peoples in the Census. What does it suggest about the attitude of the Australian government and the non-Indigenous public to Aboriginal peoples? That the attitude was dismissive, contemptuous, racist or simply indifferent. It also shows that politics is ultimately reduced to numbers and the mighty dollar.
  • 20. Review today‘s lesson New unit ―Making of a Nation‖ explore meaning. Definitions Changing in world populations (data and graph Movement of world population (map exploration) Australian changes in population (data and comprehension task) Homework