Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that causes severe flu-like symptoms and can lead to a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. It is caused by the dengue virus, of which there are four serotypes, and is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The disease has become a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions in recent decades due to factors such as rapid unplanned urbanization and climate change.

1. DENGUE

2. Prepared by
SONIA BUTT

3. WHAT IS DENGUE?
Also known as “Break bone Fever”
Mosquito-borne viral infection that causes a
severe flu-like illness leading to severe dengue
(also called as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)
found in tropical and sub-tropical climates
worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban
areas

4. HISTORY:
 The origins of the word dengue are not clear, but one theory
is that it is derived from the Swahili phrase "Ka-dinga pepo",
meaning "cramp-like seizure caused by an evil spirit".
 Dinga = Spanish origin from dengue meaning fastidious or
careful
 Slaves in West India, also called as Dandy fever.
 1st case in Chinese Medical Encyclopedia from Jin Dynasty,
referred to as water poison
 1780s, 1st dengue epidemics in Asia, Africa, and N. America

5. 1779, Identification + Naming.
1st confirmed case report from 1789 by Benjamin Rush, who
coined the term Break bone.
1906 = transmission by Aedes Mosquito confirmed.
1907 = 2nd fever which is viral.
1953 = severely reported in Philippines
1970s = become a major child mortality & emerged in
Pacific & Americans region.
1981 = DHF & dengue shock syndrome, 1st reported

6. 1994 = 1st confirmed outbreak of dengue
fever in Pakistan.
2005 = in Karachi, 1st sudden rise + Annual Epidemic.
Since 2010, Pakistan has been experiencing an
epidemic of dengue fever that has caused 16,580
confirmed cases and 257 deaths in Lahore and nearly
5000 cases and 60 deaths reported from the rest of
the country.
In Punjab, KPK &. Sindh.

7. CAUSATIVE AGENT:
Dengue is caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne
flavivirus.
DENV is an ssRNA positive-strand virus of the family
Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. This genus includes also the West
Nilevirus, Tick-borne EncephalitisVirus, YellowFever Virus, and several other
viruses which may cause encephalitis.
There are four antigenically different serotypes of the virus:
1. DENV-1
2. DENV-2
3. DENV-3
4. DENV-4

8. Adese aegypti:

9. TRANSMISSION:
 Aedes aegypti, the main mosquito vector that transmits the
dengue virus from person to person.
 prefer to feed during the day. Their breeding places are
containers with clear water,
 E.g., jars, vases, ant traps, dishes, cans, pots, flower pots,
tires,

10.  The incubation period
ranges from 3 – 14
days, commonly
4 – 7 days.

14. POSSIBLE FACTORS FOR SPREADING:
 Unplanned urban overpopulation of areas leading to
inadequate housing and public health systems (water,
sewerage and waste management)
 Poor vector control, e.g., stagnant pools of water for
mosquito breeding
 Climate change and viral evolution (increased virus
transmission has been linked to El Nino conditions)
 Increased international travel (recreational, business or
military) to endemic areas

15. PRESERVATION-:

18. CONCLUSION:-