The document discusses giant panda conservation efforts. It notes that there are approximately 1600 giant pandas remaining in the wild, according to a national survey from 1999-2003. Protecting giant pandas and their habitat is important not only for the pandas, but also for protecting biodiversity in the region, as the pandas' habitat supports many other endangered species. Conserving giant panda forests also helps protect water resources for local human populations.
Raising awareness of the WWF's Panda Conservation ProjectsNaadira Kathrada
There are approximately 1600 giant pandas remaining in the wild according to a national survey from 1999-2003. The WWF has launched a Green Heart of China project to protect giant panda habitat in the upper Yangtze basin over a 6 year period with a budget of 100 million yuan. The project aims to establish a comprehensive panda conservation network at a landscape level to increase giant panda populations while maintaining forest ecosystems that benefit both pandas and humans. Key threats to pandas include infrastructure development, mining, tourism, and climate change, which cause habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation.
The document discusses several endangered animal species including the African wild dog, tiger, black rhino, Galapagos penguin, and giant panda. For each species, it describes their habitat and population, key threats they face such as habitat loss and poaching, adaptations for survival, and potential recovery strategies. It also provides an overview of the IUCN Red List classification system for categorizing extinction risk levels of species from extinct to least concern.
Wildlife management - habit, habitat, territory & niche of animalsAnish Gawande
The document discusses various concepts related to animal behavior including habit, habitat, territory, niche, herbivores, carnivores, solitary animals, packs, and herds.
It defines habit as aspects of animal behavior or structure. Habitat is described as the physical area where a species lives, defined by factors like temperature and rainfall. Territory refers to the area an animal defends against others of its species. Niche is the role a species plays in its ecosystem, such as how it obtains energy.
Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are discussed in detail. Examples of solitary animal behaviors and specific pack behaviors in species like wolves are provided. Herds are described
The document discusses several strategies for conserving big cat species, including lions, tigers, leopards, and cheetahs. It recommends protecting habitats, identifying priority populations for conservation efforts, connecting reserves through land-use planning, increasing anti-poaching enforcement, and creating more reserves. Threats to big cats include loss of habitat, poaching for traditional medicine, hunting, and lack of legal protections. Several organizations work to rescue and rehabilitate big cats in Africa through research, education, and secure protected areas.
The document summarizes threats facing orangutans and conservation efforts. It describes the two species, their habitat loss mainly due to deforestation, and other threats like hunting and the pet trade. While conservation work is occurring, strong protection of forests and enforcement of laws is still needed to prevent orangutans from becoming extinct in the wild within 25 years.
Captive breeding involves breeding endangered animals in controlled, managed environments like zoos, wildlife reserves, and conservation facilities. It aims to conserve biodiversity by saving species from extinction and potentially reintroducing them to natural habitats. While captive breeding has successfully saved some species, it faces challenges like maintaining genetic diversity, adapting animal behavior for survival in the wild, and loss of natural habitat. New technologies studying gene expression and stem cells may help overcome some issues and further the goals of captive breeding programs.
Climate change is having significant negative impacts on Indian elephant populations. Rising temperatures, even slight increases of just a few degrees, can substantially increase elephant mortality, especially in calves. Higher temperatures also reduce food availability and increase risks of drought, disease, and heat stroke. Migration patterns are being disrupted as rainfall patterns change. The endangered Asian elephant population is already threatened and unable to adapt quickly to climate change, putting the long-term survival of the species at risk in India. Conservation efforts may need to change to address new threats from climate impacts.
This document provides biographical information about Andy Mydellton and his work in environmental broadcasting, journalism, photography, and conservation. As a freelance journalist, he writes articles about his experiences. He is also the CEO of the Foundation for Endangered Species and writes publications for them. He composes features about conservation issues like climate change. The document discusses his travels related to his work with the UN and conservation efforts around the world.
Raising awareness of the WWF's Panda Conservation ProjectsNaadira Kathrada
There are approximately 1600 giant pandas remaining in the wild according to a national survey from 1999-2003. The WWF has launched a Green Heart of China project to protect giant panda habitat in the upper Yangtze basin over a 6 year period with a budget of 100 million yuan. The project aims to establish a comprehensive panda conservation network at a landscape level to increase giant panda populations while maintaining forest ecosystems that benefit both pandas and humans. Key threats to pandas include infrastructure development, mining, tourism, and climate change, which cause habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation.
The document discusses several endangered animal species including the African wild dog, tiger, black rhino, Galapagos penguin, and giant panda. For each species, it describes their habitat and population, key threats they face such as habitat loss and poaching, adaptations for survival, and potential recovery strategies. It also provides an overview of the IUCN Red List classification system for categorizing extinction risk levels of species from extinct to least concern.
Wildlife management - habit, habitat, territory & niche of animalsAnish Gawande
The document discusses various concepts related to animal behavior including habit, habitat, territory, niche, herbivores, carnivores, solitary animals, packs, and herds.
It defines habit as aspects of animal behavior or structure. Habitat is described as the physical area where a species lives, defined by factors like temperature and rainfall. Territory refers to the area an animal defends against others of its species. Niche is the role a species plays in its ecosystem, such as how it obtains energy.
Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are discussed in detail. Examples of solitary animal behaviors and specific pack behaviors in species like wolves are provided. Herds are described
The document discusses several strategies for conserving big cat species, including lions, tigers, leopards, and cheetahs. It recommends protecting habitats, identifying priority populations for conservation efforts, connecting reserves through land-use planning, increasing anti-poaching enforcement, and creating more reserves. Threats to big cats include loss of habitat, poaching for traditional medicine, hunting, and lack of legal protections. Several organizations work to rescue and rehabilitate big cats in Africa through research, education, and secure protected areas.
The document summarizes threats facing orangutans and conservation efforts. It describes the two species, their habitat loss mainly due to deforestation, and other threats like hunting and the pet trade. While conservation work is occurring, strong protection of forests and enforcement of laws is still needed to prevent orangutans from becoming extinct in the wild within 25 years.
Captive breeding involves breeding endangered animals in controlled, managed environments like zoos, wildlife reserves, and conservation facilities. It aims to conserve biodiversity by saving species from extinction and potentially reintroducing them to natural habitats. While captive breeding has successfully saved some species, it faces challenges like maintaining genetic diversity, adapting animal behavior for survival in the wild, and loss of natural habitat. New technologies studying gene expression and stem cells may help overcome some issues and further the goals of captive breeding programs.
Climate change is having significant negative impacts on Indian elephant populations. Rising temperatures, even slight increases of just a few degrees, can substantially increase elephant mortality, especially in calves. Higher temperatures also reduce food availability and increase risks of drought, disease, and heat stroke. Migration patterns are being disrupted as rainfall patterns change. The endangered Asian elephant population is already threatened and unable to adapt quickly to climate change, putting the long-term survival of the species at risk in India. Conservation efforts may need to change to address new threats from climate impacts.
This document provides biographical information about Andy Mydellton and his work in environmental broadcasting, journalism, photography, and conservation. As a freelance journalist, he writes articles about his experiences. He is also the CEO of the Foundation for Endangered Species and writes publications for them. He composes features about conservation issues like climate change. The document discusses his travels related to his work with the UN and conservation efforts around the world.
More plants and animals to be saved from extinction __ Saving our SpeciesDiane Robinson
The NSW Government is investing $100 million over five years in Saving our Species (SoS), NSW's threatened species conservation program. The funds will support over 240 conservation projects targeting site-managed, iconic, and landscape-managed species, as well as data-deficient species. Key objectives are to maximize the number of threatened species that can survive securely in the wild in NSW and control threats such as invasive predators. Projects involve improving habitat, controlling threats like weeds and foxes, monitoring species responses, and supporting on-park and private land conservation. Partnerships with other organizations will help maximize resources and ensure long-term sustainability of projects beyond the initial five-year funding commitment.
The Mediterranean monk seal lives in the Mediterranean Sea because the conditions are good and it has access to ample food sources. However, it also used to inhabit the Black Sea. The monk seal eats a variety of fish and other sea creatures. It is diurnal and prefers to hunt and feed in open spaces and under rocks. The seal molts as it ages, changing from black wooly fur at birth to dark gray as an adult. It was featured on ancient Greek coins due to associations with gods of the sea and sun. The monk seal is endangered primarily due to pollution and litter caused by human activities. Conservation programs like CITES regulate international trade to help protect vulnerable species from further endangerment.
Animal extinction is a serious problem, with between 1.4-1.8 million species scientifically identified so far, believed to be just a small percentage of total species. However, human activity like habitat destruction, pollution, and overconsumption are the main drivers of endangered species and extinction today. Key organizations work to prevent animal extinction by assisting endangered species, advocating compassionate treatment of animals, and developing cooperation between humans and wildlife. Preserving biodiversity requires both individual action to reduce our environmental impact as well as support for conservation groups protecting threatened species and ecosystems.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
This document discusses animal extinction and provides three key points:
1) A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies and can no longer reproduce, and a species may be functionally extinct with only a small number of individuals remaining.
2) Habitat destruction, pollution, wildlife trade, and overharvesting are the main causes of extinction.
3) Project Tiger was initiated in India in 1972 to protect Bengal tigers and help increase their population from 1,200 in the 1970s to over 2,000 currently.
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and publishes its assessments. Major goals are to convey the urgency of conservation and provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Key findings from assessments over the years have shown increasing numbers of threatened species, including many moving into critically endangered categories. Major taxonomic groups like corals, amphibians, and mammals are particularly at risk.
This file include these contents:
What is wildlife
Scientific classification
Geographical Distribution
Physical Activity
Eating Habits
Population of Giant Panda
Threats to wildlife
Hunting/Poaching
Low reproductive capacity
Only source of food
Tourism
Climate change
Expansion without restriction on human activities
Habitate loss
Conservation of Giant Panda
Giant pandas live in mountain forests between 3,600-10,500 feet in central China. They eat primarily bamboo and weigh between 90-115 kg. Giant pandas are endangered with only around 1,600 remaining in the wild due to loss of habitat and low birth rates. Conservation efforts aim to protect panda habitats, curb illegal hunting, and support breeding programs to increase the wild population.
Scientists believe species are becoming extinct at an alarming rate, with estimates that one fifth of all species may be extinct by 2100. An endangered animal is one whose species is at high risk of extinction unless conservation efforts are taken, due to threats in its habitat such as pollution. A threatened animal is at risk of becoming endangered. Reasons for endangerment include habitat destruction, overexploitation, invasive species, disease, pollution, and limited distributions. Famous endangered animals include African elephants, bald eagles, black rhinos, blue whales, giant pandas, gorillas, and manatees. Endangered animals should be saved to protect the environment, advance medicine and food discoveries, and maintain a high quality of life.
14. wild life and endangered species A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
This document contains information about 12 endangered species, including tigers, whooping cranes, polar bears, and black rhinoceros. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics like size and habitat, as well as the main reasons for their endangered status, such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and pollution. The numbers of remaining individuals in the wild are given for most species, showing populations ranging from just over 1,000 for northern right whales to around 50,000 for orangutans.
The document summarizes information about giant panda bears, including their living conditions in zoos and reserves, efforts to prevent their extinction, eating and reproductive habits, and research on their dens and the use of in vitro fertilization. It discusses how pandas live in remote areas of China and how the Wolong Nature Reserve protects 10% of the world's panda population but has become fragmented with human development. It also explains pandas' diet of bamboo, reproduction cycle, and research on den selection that can help conservation efforts.
Destruction of wildlife does not always lead to extinction, but the loss of entire species is a significant concern. The four main reasons for wildlife destruction are overhunting, habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, and chains of extinction. Habitat loss occurs through processes like deforestation, agriculture, and urban expansion, leaving wildlife populations more isolated and vulnerable. Invasive species sometimes thrive in new environments, outcompeting native species. Additionally, the extinction of a single species can trigger further extinctions through complex ecological connections between species.
The document discusses ex-situ conservation, which involves protecting endangered species outside of their natural habitats, such as in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. It then focuses on efforts by the Mabuwaya Foundation and Isabela State University to conserve the critically endangered Philippine crocodile through a head-starting program. Young crocodiles are collected from the wild and raised in captivity to increase survival rates before being released back into the wild. Their program in San Mariano, Isabela involves nest protection, establishing rearing facilities, and community engagement and has resulted in the successful release of 50 head-started crocodiles back into the wild.
The document discusses giant pandas, providing information about their habitat, diet, physical characteristics, population trends, conservation efforts, and natural predators. Giant pandas live mainly in central and western China, eat over 99% bamboo, and are endangered due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation groups aim to increase panda populations and protected habitats in the wild.
This document lists several critically endangered species including the Iberian lynx, Sumatran tiger, vaquita, Javan rhino, Cross River gorilla, South China tiger, and Amur leopard. It also notes several extinct species such as the Pinta Island tortoise, baiji river dolphin, western black rhinoceros, Caribbean monk seal, and Pyrenean ibex. Finally, it provides donation and organization information for supporting conservation efforts.
This document discusses the importance of conserving wildlife and biodiversity in India. It notes that Jawaharlal Nehru recognized animals and plants make life colorful. It then discusses threats to biodiversity from human activities like deforestation. It defines biodiversity and lists examples of normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic and extinct species in India. It also discusses Project Tiger which aims to ensure viable tiger populations and preserve biologically important areas. Finally, it provides examples of protected areas in India and their rich biodiversity.
Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system and sustainable development can be classified as development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation.
The document discusses the main causes of endangered animals, which are destruction of habitat, pollution, and hunting/fishing. Habitat is destroyed when forests are cut down for furniture and development. Pollution harms underwater animals who ingest plastic or have trouble breathing. Hunters decrease populations by killing animals for food, crafts, and money. Some species that are endangered or nearing extinction are listed. If animal populations continue to decline, it could severely disrupt food chains and ecosystems. Protecting animals is important both for environmental balance and because many people enjoy wildlife through pets and food. A proposed solution is setting up breeding centers to increase endangered populations before releasing them back into nature, while also stopping illegal hunting.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
This document discusses the long-term effects of agrochemicals on the environment. It notes that while agrochemicals have increased food production, they have also negatively impacted the soil, water, air, and human health. The overuse of agrochemicals has killed beneficial soil organisms, increased nitrate levels in soil, polluted water sources, contributed to air pollution through pesticide drift, and posed health risks to farmers and rural communities through direct exposure. The ideal pesticide would only impact the target pest and break down harmlessly, but in reality no such chemical exists.
More plants and animals to be saved from extinction __ Saving our SpeciesDiane Robinson
The NSW Government is investing $100 million over five years in Saving our Species (SoS), NSW's threatened species conservation program. The funds will support over 240 conservation projects targeting site-managed, iconic, and landscape-managed species, as well as data-deficient species. Key objectives are to maximize the number of threatened species that can survive securely in the wild in NSW and control threats such as invasive predators. Projects involve improving habitat, controlling threats like weeds and foxes, monitoring species responses, and supporting on-park and private land conservation. Partnerships with other organizations will help maximize resources and ensure long-term sustainability of projects beyond the initial five-year funding commitment.
The Mediterranean monk seal lives in the Mediterranean Sea because the conditions are good and it has access to ample food sources. However, it also used to inhabit the Black Sea. The monk seal eats a variety of fish and other sea creatures. It is diurnal and prefers to hunt and feed in open spaces and under rocks. The seal molts as it ages, changing from black wooly fur at birth to dark gray as an adult. It was featured on ancient Greek coins due to associations with gods of the sea and sun. The monk seal is endangered primarily due to pollution and litter caused by human activities. Conservation programs like CITES regulate international trade to help protect vulnerable species from further endangerment.
Animal extinction is a serious problem, with between 1.4-1.8 million species scientifically identified so far, believed to be just a small percentage of total species. However, human activity like habitat destruction, pollution, and overconsumption are the main drivers of endangered species and extinction today. Key organizations work to prevent animal extinction by assisting endangered species, advocating compassionate treatment of animals, and developing cooperation between humans and wildlife. Preserving biodiversity requires both individual action to reduce our environmental impact as well as support for conservation groups protecting threatened species and ecosystems.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
This document discusses animal extinction and provides three key points:
1) A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies and can no longer reproduce, and a species may be functionally extinct with only a small number of individuals remaining.
2) Habitat destruction, pollution, wildlife trade, and overharvesting are the main causes of extinction.
3) Project Tiger was initiated in India in 1972 to protect Bengal tigers and help increase their population from 1,200 in the 1970s to over 2,000 currently.
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and publishes its assessments. Major goals are to convey the urgency of conservation and provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Key findings from assessments over the years have shown increasing numbers of threatened species, including many moving into critically endangered categories. Major taxonomic groups like corals, amphibians, and mammals are particularly at risk.
This file include these contents:
What is wildlife
Scientific classification
Geographical Distribution
Physical Activity
Eating Habits
Population of Giant Panda
Threats to wildlife
Hunting/Poaching
Low reproductive capacity
Only source of food
Tourism
Climate change
Expansion without restriction on human activities
Habitate loss
Conservation of Giant Panda
Giant pandas live in mountain forests between 3,600-10,500 feet in central China. They eat primarily bamboo and weigh between 90-115 kg. Giant pandas are endangered with only around 1,600 remaining in the wild due to loss of habitat and low birth rates. Conservation efforts aim to protect panda habitats, curb illegal hunting, and support breeding programs to increase the wild population.
Scientists believe species are becoming extinct at an alarming rate, with estimates that one fifth of all species may be extinct by 2100. An endangered animal is one whose species is at high risk of extinction unless conservation efforts are taken, due to threats in its habitat such as pollution. A threatened animal is at risk of becoming endangered. Reasons for endangerment include habitat destruction, overexploitation, invasive species, disease, pollution, and limited distributions. Famous endangered animals include African elephants, bald eagles, black rhinos, blue whales, giant pandas, gorillas, and manatees. Endangered animals should be saved to protect the environment, advance medicine and food discoveries, and maintain a high quality of life.
14. wild life and endangered species A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
This document contains information about 12 endangered species, including tigers, whooping cranes, polar bears, and black rhinoceros. For each species, it provides details on physical characteristics like size and habitat, as well as the main reasons for their endangered status, such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and pollution. The numbers of remaining individuals in the wild are given for most species, showing populations ranging from just over 1,000 for northern right whales to around 50,000 for orangutans.
The document summarizes information about giant panda bears, including their living conditions in zoos and reserves, efforts to prevent their extinction, eating and reproductive habits, and research on their dens and the use of in vitro fertilization. It discusses how pandas live in remote areas of China and how the Wolong Nature Reserve protects 10% of the world's panda population but has become fragmented with human development. It also explains pandas' diet of bamboo, reproduction cycle, and research on den selection that can help conservation efforts.
Destruction of wildlife does not always lead to extinction, but the loss of entire species is a significant concern. The four main reasons for wildlife destruction are overhunting, habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, and chains of extinction. Habitat loss occurs through processes like deforestation, agriculture, and urban expansion, leaving wildlife populations more isolated and vulnerable. Invasive species sometimes thrive in new environments, outcompeting native species. Additionally, the extinction of a single species can trigger further extinctions through complex ecological connections between species.
The document discusses ex-situ conservation, which involves protecting endangered species outside of their natural habitats, such as in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. It then focuses on efforts by the Mabuwaya Foundation and Isabela State University to conserve the critically endangered Philippine crocodile through a head-starting program. Young crocodiles are collected from the wild and raised in captivity to increase survival rates before being released back into the wild. Their program in San Mariano, Isabela involves nest protection, establishing rearing facilities, and community engagement and has resulted in the successful release of 50 head-started crocodiles back into the wild.
The document discusses giant pandas, providing information about their habitat, diet, physical characteristics, population trends, conservation efforts, and natural predators. Giant pandas live mainly in central and western China, eat over 99% bamboo, and are endangered due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation groups aim to increase panda populations and protected habitats in the wild.
This document lists several critically endangered species including the Iberian lynx, Sumatran tiger, vaquita, Javan rhino, Cross River gorilla, South China tiger, and Amur leopard. It also notes several extinct species such as the Pinta Island tortoise, baiji river dolphin, western black rhinoceros, Caribbean monk seal, and Pyrenean ibex. Finally, it provides donation and organization information for supporting conservation efforts.
This document discusses the importance of conserving wildlife and biodiversity in India. It notes that Jawaharlal Nehru recognized animals and plants make life colorful. It then discusses threats to biodiversity from human activities like deforestation. It defines biodiversity and lists examples of normal, endangered, vulnerable, rare, endemic and extinct species in India. It also discusses Project Tiger which aims to ensure viable tiger populations and preserve biologically important areas. Finally, it provides examples of protected areas in India and their rich biodiversity.
Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system and sustainable development can be classified as development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation.
The document discusses the main causes of endangered animals, which are destruction of habitat, pollution, and hunting/fishing. Habitat is destroyed when forests are cut down for furniture and development. Pollution harms underwater animals who ingest plastic or have trouble breathing. Hunters decrease populations by killing animals for food, crafts, and money. Some species that are endangered or nearing extinction are listed. If animal populations continue to decline, it could severely disrupt food chains and ecosystems. Protecting animals is important both for environmental balance and because many people enjoy wildlife through pets and food. A proposed solution is setting up breeding centers to increase endangered populations before releasing them back into nature, while also stopping illegal hunting.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
This document discusses the long-term effects of agrochemicals on the environment. It notes that while agrochemicals have increased food production, they have also negatively impacted the soil, water, air, and human health. The overuse of agrochemicals has killed beneficial soil organisms, increased nitrate levels in soil, polluted water sources, contributed to air pollution through pesticide drift, and posed health risks to farmers and rural communities through direct exposure. The ideal pesticide would only impact the target pest and break down harmlessly, but in reality no such chemical exists.
The Full Circle Greenhouse annual report summarizes the greenhouse operations for fiscal year 2014. It provides an overview of the greenhouse structure and design, financial details showing expenses and sales, the variety of produce grown, and recognition of student volunteers and staff supporters. The greenhouse grew over 40 pounds of mixed greens, kale, carrots and radishes totaling $256 in sales while maintaining operations on a $3,155 budget balance. Six student volunteers oversaw daily operations and product sales at McGlynn's Cafe on the College of Saint Benedict campus.
This document contains photo credits for 10 different photographers who contributed images to a Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare. It lists the photographer names "Tanja FÖHR", "LindaH", "r3vision", "ninastoessinger", "buggolo", "ArmandoH2O", "opensourceway", "bill barber", "Patrick Q", and "[phil h]". It concludes by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshow presentations.
A Stream Game é uma plataforma de jogos online que permite jogar diversos tipos de jogos diretamente no navegador, sem necessidade de downloads ou configurações específicas de hardware. Ela pretende resolver problemas de acesso a jogos em diferentes dispositivos, permitindo que qualquer um jogue de qualquer lugar. A empresa está em fase de desenvolvimento e pretende oferecer várias ferramentas para jogadores e desenvolvedores.
Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide from human sources like vehicles and factories trapping heat in the atmosphere, similar to the greenhouse effect. This is causing ice caps and glaciers to melt, which raises sea levels and could flood coastal areas. Rising global temperatures are also expected to alter forests and crop yields, expand deserts, and negatively impact ecosystems and human health. The rapid warming seen in the last 150 years is unprecedented and is largely due to increased fossil fuel usage. This warming is damaging coral reefs and causing penguin populations to decline. Reducing fossil fuel use would help minimize further global warming impacts.
This document summarizes the services of a VAT consulting firm. They provide active VAT management and simplify VAT compliance for businesses operating internationally in Europe. Their services include VAT consulting, compliance services like filing VAT returns, and online VAT training courses. Their goal is to help businesses unlock their potential and grow by addressing the complexities of VAT in Europe.
Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran ini membahas tentang analisis dan penyuntingan teks anekdot yang menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan santun. Peserta didik akan belajar menganalisis isi dan bahasa teks anekdot, kemudian menyunting dan memperbaiki teks tersebut sesuai dengan struktur dan kaidahnya.
1. Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 19 Makassar membahas teks anekdot dengan topik kritik dan humor dalam layanan publik.
2. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan dalam dua pertemuan dengan kegiatan menganalisis dua contoh teks anekdot dan menulis teks anekdot sendiri mengenai layanan publik di sekolah.
3. Tujuan pembelajaran antara lain agar siswa dapat mengidentifikasi persama
The Collegebound program is a pre-orientation experience that takes incoming students canoeing or rock climbing for five days before their first year of college begins. Participation has increased steadily over the years to around 60 students in 2015. Based on surveys of past participants, the program is very effective in helping students make friends, learn outdoor skills, and ease their transition to college. The report outlines goals and plans to expand the program to 100 students in 2016, 500 by 2020, and 800 by 2025 through additional trips, more facilitators, improved marketing, and strengthened partnerships with Admissions.
The document discusses the behavior of pandas. It notes that pandas spend most of their time on the forest floor eating bamboo, but can also swim and climb trees. Pandas move to higher altitudes in winter and lower altitudes in summer to find bamboo, and also use climbing to escape predators. Pandas have a calm, low-stress behavior due to their poor nutritional diet of bamboo, which they cannot afford to lose energy from. Pandas prefer to live alone and mark their territory to avoid other pandas, but sometimes share food and space with pigs.
- Giant pandas live mainly in bamboo forests in China, which are being destroyed as human settlements expand, threatening the pandas' habitat and food supply.
- Only 29 fragmented areas remain that can support giant pandas, and climate change has increased their extinction rate.
- Road construction associated with development projects is particularly harmful as it isolates panda populations, decreasing genetic diversity and further threatening the endangered species.
WWF's mission is the conservation of nature and protection of endangered species like giant pandas. They work to protect habitat, promote sustainable use of resources, and reduce pollution. Their goal by 2020 is to conserve 19 important natural places and change markets to protect nature. For pandas, WWF conducts research, builds reserves, trains staff, and supports alternative livelihoods to reduce threats to the species. As a result, panda numbers and protected habitat have increased significantly.
The document provides information on the Giant Panda. It discusses that the Giant Panda lives in bamboo forests in southwestern China, is endangered with only about 1,000 remaining. It describes the panda's size, weight, diet of bamboo, and solitary nature except for mating season. The document also notes that pandas give birth to one or two cubs in late summer and the cubs are blind and hairless at birth.
This document contains multiple summaries of articles and documents related to giant pandas and their conservation. It discusses how pandas are often mistakenly called bears, reviews their habitat loss and other threats, examines the effects of road construction on pandas, provides background on pandas as an endangered species, and more. The summaries are concise and highlight the key points and conclusions of each original document.
This document discusses deforestation and its impact on giant pandas. It notes that deforestation has led to habitat loss and fragmentation for giant pandas, reducing their populations to under 1,000 remaining in small, isolated groups. Deforestation of bamboo forests in China has occurred as human settlement expanded, decreasing panda habitat by half between 1974 and 1989. Continued deforestation and lack of habitat connectivity now puts giant pandas at risk of local extinctions within reserves. Conservation efforts include plans to expand reserves and create habitat corridors.
The document provides information about giant pandas. It discusses how pandas are endangered due to loss of habitat as bamboo forests are destroyed. Other threats include poaching and lack of food. While pandas are classified as carnivores, their diet consists almost entirely of bamboo. They are found in southwestern China and only a few thousand remain. Conservation efforts aim to preserve their habitat and enforce stricter penalties for poaching.
The giant panda is endangered due to hunting by humans, habitat loss from human expansion and development, low reproductive rates, and reliance on bamboo as its sole food source. There are estimated to be only 1,000 giant pandas remaining, living in reserves and captivity. Several organizations work to help giant pandas, including the IUCN, WWF, and Conservation International, in an effort to protect this vulnerable species.
The Giant Panda lives in the Qinling Mountains of China. It eats almost exclusively bamboo and spends most of its day eating to sustain its low metabolism. Habitat loss through deforestation is a major threat as pandas lose their food sources and living spaces. Poaching was also a problem when logging bans negatively impacted local economies. Conservation efforts aim to protect pandas in reserves, but their conservation requires significant economic resources.
This document discusses the giant panda, providing information about its physical characteristics, habitat, population status, and conservation efforts. It notes that pandas have distinctive black and white fur and a mainly bamboo-based diet. While endangered, their population is estimated at 1,500-3,000 in the wild and has increased somewhat due to conservation programs in China that have expanded panda reserves from 13 to 40 in the past two decades. The document advocates for continuing efforts to protect pandas from threats and help the species' long-term survival in the wild.
Pandas, tigers, and polar bears are endangered species. There are estimated to be only 1,600 pandas, 3,200 tigers, and 20,000-25,000 polar bears remaining in the wild. These numbers are declining due to habitat loss and climate change. It is important to protect endangered species and help their populations recover by taking small actions like using resources more efficiently and joining conservation organizations.
The document discusses three endangered species: the polar bear, panda bear, and mountain gorilla.
The polar bear faces threats from climate change causing sea ice loss, which is their primary habitat. Panda bears have seen habitat fragmentation and face threats from infrastructure development. Mountain gorillas have a population of around 720 that live in protected areas in Central Africa, but face threats from war, poaching, and habitat loss. Conservation groups like WWF work on habitat protection, research, and community engagement to help protect these endangered species.
The document discusses wildlife tourism in India. It provides background on wildlife and ecotourism. Wildlife tourism in India contributes to conservation efforts and projects that benefit local communities. Experiences involve visiting national parks and sanctuaries to see various species of animals. Suggestions to improve wildlife tourism in India include increasing specialization of tourism products, improving wildlife interpretation, using technology to aid viewing, and further combining captive and free-ranging wildlife experiences. The government has taken steps like creating protected areas, conservation programs, and laws to protect biodiversity in India.
The document discusses conservation efforts for giant pandas. It provides background on pandas, listing their scientific name, habitat, lifespan, diet, and conservation status as vulnerable. Threats to pandas include habitat loss and hunting. The World Wildlife Fund works to protect pandas through conservation education, international breeding programs, expanding protected areas, and anti-poaching patrols. Assisted reproduction techniques being used include artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. These require knowledge of reproductive cycles and invasive procedures. Genome resource banking also aims to preserve genetic diversity. While promising, ART has inconsistent results and requires more research versus immediate wildlife needs.
Several animal species are endangered or threatened with extinction due to hunting by humans. Tigers, rhinos, pandas, cheetahs, sea turtles, red wolves, and snow leopards have all been poached for their skins, horns, or other body parts. Their populations have declined dramatically due to hunting for traditional medicine, trophies, or sport. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and increase their wild populations through anti-poaching measures, breeding programs, and habitat preservation. However, many species remain at high risk of extinction if threats from poaching and habitat loss are not effectively addressed.
IN THIS POWERPOINT YOU SEE MANY SLIDE AND EVERY SLIDE HAVE EDITED WITH HD PHOTOS OF WILDLIFE AND FOREST.INFORMATION WITH EFFECTS ARE ADDED AS MY HOBBY.
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2. Preface .................................................................................................. 1
Introduction to Giant Pandas and Panda Conservation ............................ 5
Why should we protect giant pandas ...................................................... 7
The WWF Green Heart of China Project ................................................. 17
Looking Toward the Future .................................................................... 39
Acknowledgements ................................................................................ 45
Further Reading ...................................................................................... 47
www.wwfchina.orgCHINA
Working Together with WWF to Protect Pandas
Contents
3. But while giant pandas living in artificial zoo environments are thriving, giant pandas living in the wild
still face many threats to their continued survival. The Third National Survey Report on Giant Pandas
(1999-2003) and other recent researches showed that: 1) there are only about 1600 giant pandas
remaining in the wild, 2) half of the giant panda’s habitat is not yet protected, and 3) the future of nearly
one third the wild panda population is highly uncertain.
Human activities continue to be the biggest threats to the survival of pandas in the wild. Over the past
three decades, large-scale development activities, such as construction of roads, dams, and hydropower
facilities; mining operations; and mass tourism, have had large impacts on giant panda habitat in the
upper Yangtze Basin. These human activities are further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change
and natural disasters such as the catastrophic May 2008 Sichuan earthquake, with the end result being
the widespread loss, degradation and fragmentation of panda habitat. For a number of smaller isolated
panda populations, the cumulative impact of habitat fragmentation and degradation will likely be the
local extinction of these small populations.
What would the world be like without giant pandas? How could we tell our children that the lovely
black and white animal in their story books no longer exists?
Just as we can’t imagine China without the Great Wall and the Terra Cotta Warriors, it is difficult to
imagine China without giant pandas.
The giant panda is one of WWF’s 13 global priority species or species groups, and the upper Yangtze
Basin where giant pandas are found is an important global biodiversity hotspot. While pandas remain
threatened and in need of protection, panda conservation work is about much more than just the
protection of the giant panda itself. As a flagship species for biodiversity conservation in China, the
status of the giant panda directly reflects the quality of panda habitat and the health of the entire
ecosystem pandas occupy. Thus protection of pandas requires protection of the entire ecosystem they
inhabit and effectively protecting wild pandas will also serve to protect many other species of rare
plants and wildlife in the panda’s home range.
Protecting pandas in the wild is also important for the quality of human life. The forests where pandas
live are an important water conservation area for the Yangtze River, as these forests are the source of
more than half of the water
flowing through the middle
and lower Yangtze River
basin. These forests are also
important for controlling
soil erosion and reducing
the severity of flooding.
Thus, conserving giant
panda habitat helps to
protect ecosystems that
provide water and other
benefits for millions of
people residing in and
downstream of the panda’s
range.
Giant pandas are the feature
attraction of many zoos
around the world, bringing
joy to millions of visitors
each year, and the birth of a
new panda cub in captivity
is always headline news.
01 02
Chinese dove tree, Sichuan. Photo by Zhang Ming
Preface
Preface Preface
4. If pandas disappear it will mean that the ecological umbrella has been broken, and many other animals
that live in panda habitat will likely disappear too. Humans will also be impacted, since if we can’t
maintain an ecosystem healthy enough to support wild creatures, in all likelihood our own quality of
life will deteriorate. Only by recognizing our interconnectedness with the natural environment and
safeguarding the ecosystems that we threaten can the circle of life continue.
How long will the giant panda survive in the wild? It all depends on our efforts. Panda habitat can only
expand if there is a halt put on uncontrolled development and intrusive tourism in the panda’s range, so
that pandas can regain the tranquil habitat they require. Only when we carefully consider the needs of
giant pandas in the wild can we achieve the goal of healthy coexistence with pandas.
When it was founded in 1961, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) selected the giant panda as its logo,
and WWF has had a programme dedicated to panda conservation for many years. As the first
international NGO to be invited by the Chinese government to work in China, WWF began its work
there with a panda conservation research project at the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province,
which brought worldwide attention to the little known life of pandas in the wild. WWF next worked
with the State Forestry Administration (SFA) to conduct national surveys on the status of panda
populations and their habitat. A report titled “Comprehensive Survey Investigation Report on China’s
Giant Panda and Its Habitat” resulted, which provided the baseline data necessary for developing a
panda conservation plan and for establishment of nature reserves to protect pandas. Today, WWF
continues to assist the SFA in carrying out its giant panda protection projects.
Over the past three decades, WWF’s panda conservation strategy has gradually evolved from focusing
on the protection of a single species to an ecosystem-wide approach to panda protection. As part of this
approach, WWF’s on-the-ground project work has shifted from individual site oriented conservation
projects to developing a comprehensive landscape-based panda conservation plan for the pandas entire
existing and potential range in southwest China. Today, WWF remains dedicated to the long-term effort
that will be needed to protect the panda in the face of the numerous growing threats to its survival.
Robert Swan, one of the 20th Century’s greatest explorers, once said “the biggest threat to this planet is
the belief that someone else will save it.” When it comes to protecting the giant panda, most people
feel there is no action they can take as an individual to protect the panda. On the contrary, you can work
with us to become the backbone of international efforts to protect the giant panda. Working together,
there is much we can accomplish to protect this unique natural treasure.
03 04
Chinese monal, the Upper Yangtze River Basin. Photo by Dong Lei
Preface Preface
5. The giant panda is a Class I state protected species in China and is
listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Giant pandas
have distinct black and white coats, and adult pandas weigh about
80-150 kg. They are generally solitary animals without fixed dens
that feed primarily on bamboo.
Where are giant pandas found?
Today, giant pandas are only found in the Qinling,
Minshan, Qionglaishan, Liangshan, Daxiangling, and
Xiaoxiangling Mountains of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and
Gansu Provinces, where they inhabit deciduous
broadleaf, mixed conifer, and sub-alpine coniferous
forests between elevations of about1200 – 3400 m.
They occupy a total area of about 3 million hectares
spread across 45 counties in 16 prefectures.
How many wild pandas in the wild?
According to the Third National Survey Report on
Giant Pandas (1999-2003), there are about 1600 giant
pandas remaining in the wild.
05 06
Giant panda, the Upper Yangtze River Basin. Photo by Zhao Naxun
Introduction to Giant Pandas and Panda Conservation
Introduction to
Giant Pandas
and Panda Conservation
Introduction to Giant Pandas and Panda Conservation
1600giant pandas
remaining in
the wild.
There are
about
6. 07 08
Why should we
protect giant pandas?
Why should we protect giant pandas Why should we protect giant pandas
Giant panda conservation efforts will not only protect
the panda, it will also benefit many other rare species of
animals and plants in the southwest China biodiversity
hotspot. The giant panda is a flagship species for
biodiversity conservation, thus protection of the giant
panda and its habitat serves to raise a protective
umbrella for other species that are found in giant
panda’s home range, including such endangered species
as the takin, golden monkey, red panda, and crested
ibis. Consequently, protection of the giant panda serves
to protect both the ecosystems the panda inhabits as
well as many other species.
The forests the giant panda inhabits are the main water
conservation areas for the upper Yangtze and the Yellow
River basins. Major tributaries of the Yangtze that flow
through the panda’s home range include such important
rivers as the Min, Han, Jialing, Yalong, and Dadu
Rivers, which flow out of the mountains to nurture the
densely populated Sichuan Basin and Hanjiang Plains of
Hubei Province. Together, these five rivers supply more
than half of the surface flow in the middle and the lower
Yangtze River basin. At the same time, these forests
serve as perhaps the most important flood control
feature of the upper Yangtze Basin and serve to control
soil erosion and landslides. Thus protecting these forests
not only protects giant pandas, but also provides
tremendous benefits for humans as well.
Protection of Giant Pandas and Many
Other Rare Animals
Protection of the Giant Pandas and Our
Common Home
Red panda, the Upper Yangtze River Basin.
Photo by Wu Jiawei
Takin, Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi.
Photo by Guan Ke
Crested ibis, Qinling Mountain wetlands, Shaanxi.
Photo by Chen Xu
Golden monkey, the Upper Yangtze River Basin.
Photo by Yun Yange
The Upper Yangtze River Basin where giant pandas are found is an important global biodiversity hotspot. Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan.
Photo courtesy of Wolong Nature Reserve.
7.
8. 11
Photo by Chen Xu
Why should we protect giant pandas
Traditional threats that have directly impacted giant panda populations for
centuries include deforestation – both for timber and to clear land for
agriculture, poaching, and over-collection of non-timber forest products.
While today these activities are much better controlled, they have not been
entirely eliminated and continue to pose a threat to giant pandas and their
habitat. Other new threats have largely challenged to giant panda and its
habitat protection in recent years.
Challenging
Threats
Large scale infrastructure and over
resources exploitation, such as
road construction, dam and
hydropower facilities, mining
operations, and mass tourism, lead
to the degradation, fragmentation,
and loss of giant panda habitat.
RoadConstruction
The extensive network of highways and railroads
that crisscross the giant panda’s range is a
leading cause of panda habitat fragmentation and
isolation of panda populations, as pandas shy
away from traffic noise and many of these
transportation corridors are lined with fences that
pandas can not cross. In spite of the threat that
road and rail line construction pose to the
well-being of pandas, many more new national,
provincial, and county level roads are planned or
are currently under construction. According to
environmental impact assessments, the road
network expansion currently being planned for
the Qinling Mountains may cause a 30 percent
reduction in viable giant panda habitat in that
region. Thus, it is imperative that pandas be
taken into consideration when planning road
construction activities.
9. DamandHydropowerFacilities
Dam and hydropower stations are widely scattered throughout many areas in
the panda’s range. Unfortunately, these reservoirs flood large areas of panda
habitat, and lead to further isolation of panda populations. On the Xushui River
in the Qinling Mountains alone, there are already 19 dams that have been built,
are under construction, or are planned - on a reach of the river that is only 165
kilometers long. This high density series of hydropower cascades may
eventually lead to the complete fragmentation of the Qinling panda population
into isolated eastern and western groups. If this occurs, all genetic exchange
between animals in the two groups will cease, which could eventually lead to
the extinction of both panda populations if humans do not intervene.
Photo by Zhang Ming
10. 13
15 16
Mining operations in the giant panda areas. Photo by Zhang Ming
Why should we protect giant pandas Why should we protect giant pandas
Mining poses another large threat to giant pandas. At present, many mining operations are
located adjacent to panda reserves in nature reserve buffer zones. Among other things,
these mine operations result in the destruction of forests and vegetation, large-scale noise
and water pollution, and the improper accumulation of solid waste. Presently in the
Minshan Mountains panda landscape alone there are 13 large mines, most of which are
located next to panda nature reserves and, consequently, have direct negative impacts on
those reserves and their pandas.
Mining Operations
Mass tourism development in giant panda areas has also had negative impacts on panda
conservation. For example, prior to the 1980s, the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve had a high
density of pandas and there was a very good chance for visitors to see a panda in the wild
there. Today, however, the heavy tourist traffic and over-development of the Great Jiuzhai
Circuit Road have made it almost impossible to see a wild panda anywhere in the region.
Consequently, it can be concluded that panda populations inhabiting nature reserves
focused on mass tourism for maximum economic gain are less likely to survive in the long
term due to the high level of disturbance that affects them.
Mass Tourism
Climate change currently presents another challenge for the existing panda conservation
network. Analysis of meteorological data over the past 30-50 years shows that the average
temperatures in panda areas are rising. It is predicted that this will cause panda areas in
Sichuan to shift to new locations at higher elevations as the panda’s preferred vegetation
slowly shifts upslope. One study based on research from the Qinling Mountains predicts
that, within 50 years, the current panda nature reserve network will cover less than half of
existing panda habitat due to a climate-induced, upward elevation shift in the panda’s
preferred bamboo species.
Climate Change
large mining
operations in
Minshan
Mountains
11. 17 18
The WWF
Green Heart of
China Project
WWF’s association with the giant panda is a long one, stretching back to selection of the panda as
WWF’s logo upon establishment of the organization in 1961. Fifty years later, WWF continues to work
with the Chinese government on panda conservation projects in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces,
providing technical and financial support for the establishment of a strong panda habitat conservation
network in the upper Yangtze Basin.
In 2007, WWF launched its “Green Heart of China Project,” which aims to increase protection of panda
habitat and associated ecosystems by promoting development of an integrated landscape conservation
and sustainable development plan for the upper Yangtze Basin. The project was planned as a six-year
programme running through the end of 2012, with total budget of about RMB 100 million. The project
initially evaluated direct threats and major challenges facing giant panda conservation efforts. Based on
the findings of this initial evaluation, WWF is presently exploring methods for reducing the widespread
impacts that large-scale infrastructure construction projects are having on giant panda habitat. At the
same time, WWF is also promoting ecotourism and sustainable use of forest resources as
non-destructive methods for increasing incomes in panda range areas while also addressing the impacts
of climate change on the upper Yangtze Basin. One immediate objective of the Green Heart of China
Project is to contribute to stabilizing and increasing the number of giant pandas in the wild while
simultaneously ensuring that the forests of the upper Yangtze Basin continue to provide ecological
services for the benefit of humans. Brief descriptions of the project’s major focus areas follow.
By 2030, all giant panda habitat is integrated into a comprehensive panda
conservation network protected at a landscape level, with a viable giant panda
population living in well-managed forests in the upper Yangtze Basin that in
turn provide ecological services to people living further downstream.
Green Heart of China Project Vision
The WWF Green Heart of China Project The WWF Green Heart of China Project
WWF is the first NGO invited by Chinese government to protect giant panda in 1980. @WWF-Canon/WWF Intl
Giant panda distributed areas.
Shaanxi
Sichuan
Gansu
12. 62
WWF is dedicated to the creation and improvement of policies that are giant panda friendly. In
this regard, WWF has published an extensive series of guidelines and manuals to help
communities located in and around panda habitat to improve their panda protection efforts and to
develop in a sustainable manner that does not adversely impact pandas living in their areas. These
publications have included the Collective Forests Sustainable Management Guidelines, Minshan
Ecotourism Guide’s Manual, Minshan Ecotourism Manual, Sichuan Pepper Cultivation Manual,
Qinling Ranger’s Handbook, and Guidelines for Sustainable Harvest of Wild Schisandra
sphenanthera. WWF has also commissioned a series of reports on the impacts of roads, dams, and
mines on panda habitat and continually promotes the implementation of ecological protection
measures in all infrastructure construction projects as well as the inclusion of impacts on pandas
in the environmental impact assessments for these projects. WWF has also conducted a
systematic evaluation of the laws and policies that form the legal basis for the protection of giant
pandas and submitted its findings to relevant government agencies to guide them on
panda-related conservation planning.
19 20The WWF Green Heart of China Project The WWF Green Heart of China Project
The Chinese government has long sought to protect giant pandas. From the first
giant panda nature reserves established in the 1960s to recent habitat
conservation programs, government agencies have promoted the systematic
protection and management of giant pandas and their habitat. By the end of
2009, 62 giant panda reserves and a giant panda habitat conservation network
had been established.
Panda
Nature Reserves
Panda-friendly Policy
AdvocacyPanda
Migration Corridors
In order to encourage genetic exchange between panda populations that have
been isolated, WWF has been working to establish migration corridors to
connect isolated panda groups. Working in cooperation with its various
partners, WWF has so far established a comprehensive plan for maintenance of
13 key panda migration corridors. These migration corridors will be managed
specifically for panda conservation and are comprised of strips of relatively
undisturbed or restored panda habitat that cross territory which can no longer
support pandas. Through reconnection of isolated panda populations, it is
hoped that genetic exchange along these corridors will be sufficient to prevent
the local extinction of formerly isolated panda groups.
giant panda
nature
reserves
Giant panda protected area network
Giant panda habitat
Giant panda potential habitat
13. Recent monitoring of the giant panda migration
corridor established in the Qinling Tunnel area
on China’s National Highway 108 has shown
that this corridor has already had great early
success. Infrared camera photos have
documented rare panda zone species, including
the takin and golden monkey, using the corridor
while giant pandas have been sighted in the
vicinity of the corridor and are expected to
eventually begin using it.
Photo by Deng Jia
14. Photo by Deng Jia
Panda Habitat
Monitoring System
In order to track ecological trends in giant panda areas, WWF has worked
together with various partners to develop a panda habitat monitoring
system that provides a sound scientific basis for implementing panda
conservation activities. In 1999, WWF launched its trial habitat
monitoring project simultaneously at selected panda reserves in Sichuan,
Shaanxi, and Gansu Provinces. Based on this work, WWF provided
support to the State Forestry Administration to issue the “Technical
Regulations for Monitoring of the Giant Panda and Its Habitat.” This
document has since become the standard guideline for ecological
monitoring practices in panda areas and is the first technical regulation
code issued in China that specifically targeted a single species.
15. The panda walks past one of motion-detector cameras.
In early November 2010, giant pandas at the Yele
Nature Reserve in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains of
Sichuan were successfully photographed for the
first time using camera traps triggered by infrared
heat sensors. For four years WWF has been
supporting the Yele Nature Reserve and 5 other
reserves to monitor wildlife using camera traps,
which has not only improved our knowledge of the
fauna of these reserves, but has also provided a
powerful method for educating people about the
secret lives of the animals that inhabit these forests.
Photo courtesy of Yele Nature Reserve
16. 27 28
WWF promotes the protection of forests in the panda areas. Photo by Zhao Jinna
In order to increase the capacity of staff members at panda nature reserves to monitor, identify
issues, and take mitigative action in their patrol areas, WWF has provided extensive training for
these conservation workers. These trainings have included modules on the topics of identifying
wild flora and fauna – particularly rare and endangered species, use of GIS applications to build
nature reserve databases, nature reserve management, migration corridor management, and
community sustainable development planning. WWF has also made large conservation equipment
donations to these reserves to provide rangers with the equipment necessary to effectively do their
work, including items such as computers, digital cameras, GPS units, and tents.
Protection of forests is a critical aspect of giant panda conservation work. In order to promote
long-term protection of forests in panda areas, in 2006 WWF began a sustainable forestry
management program that follows that latest thinking on this topic, including the identification of
High Conservation Value Forests (HCVFs). This giant panda forest management concept has been
promoted in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces. Some forest pilots have been selected to practice this
concept.
Capacity Building for
Nature Reserve Staff
Protection
of Forest Resources
The WWF Green Heart of China Project The WWF Green Heart of China Project
17. 5600
29
Tony Cunningham / WWF China
In the fall of 2009, with the support of WWF and the
government of Pingwu County, Sichuan, local residents
from Daping Village sustainably harvested 500
kilogrammes of wild Schizandra berry (Schisandra
sphenanthera) which was exported to the United States
at a premium price. It is often used in Chinese medicine
to treat conditions such as a variety of allergic reactions,
insomnia, and hepatitis. This is noteworthy because this
was the first harvest for export of wild plants in the
region that met the International Standards on
Sustainable Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants. In 2010, orders for wild Schizandra berry
jumped to 10 tons, and WWF successfully expanded
sustainable harvest practices to another 20 villages in the
vicinity of Pingwu County’s Wanglang Nature Reserve.
Over the years, WWF has implemented various alternative
livelihood and green energy projects in communities
adjacent to panda reserves. These projects have not only
helped local residents to increase their incomes, but have
also enabled them to become better stewards of their
natural resource base so that nature conservation and
economic development are no longer mutually exclusive in
these areas. As of 2010, WWF support had led to 4150
households in giant panda areas adopting fuel-efficient
wood stoves and biogas systems, 550 households starting
bee-keeping operations, and 750 households planting
Sichuan pepper orchards, with all participating
communities receiving training on the sustainable harvest
of wild medicinal plants. WWF support also contributed to
150 women of the Qiang nationality forming embroidery
collectives, 80 households in panda areas starting a
home-stay program for visiting tourists, and more than 50
households building small artificial wetlands in their
courtyards. In addition, more than 10,000 villagers in giant
panda areas have participated in various training
workshops to improve their awareness of giant panda
issues and the need for sustainable development in panda
regions.
Sustainable
Community
Development in
Panda Areas
The WWF Green Heart of China Project
householdshave
benefitedfrom
WWF'ssustainable
community
development
projects
18. Mr. Li Dongcheng is a bee-keeper and a participant in
WWF’s alternative livelihoods project in Longcaoping
Village in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province.
He told us “before, a box of bees could only produce
several kilograms of honey. But now that methods have
improved, and honey yields have doubled, so we have
earned about 20,000 yuan from bee-keeping alone.
Bee-keeping is the most popular livelihood choice in this
area. It only requires a small initial investment but produces
a good harvest. And it does not destroy natural resources.”
When asked about his understanding of the ecological
environment, his answer was simple: “Before there was
logging going on and the mountains were bare. But now, in
order to protect the panda, there are more trees and the
mountains are green again. Only after the environment
improved could we have such good yields of honey!”
Photo by Cai Qiong
19. Photo by He Youxin
Walk into any Carrefour store in October and you will smell the
rich aroma of Sichuan peppers from the Minshan Mountains. The
Minshan Mountains of Sichuan and Gansu Provinces are rich in
beautiful landscapes and rare and endangered wildlife such as the
giant panda. Yet the logging and hunting activities of local
communities are both over-exploiting natural resources and
severely threatening local wildlife. In 2007, WWF helped train
local farmers in the Minshan Mountains to cultivate Sichuan
peppers and then worked with the retail giant Carrefour to market
these peppers. Each year at harvest time, Carrefour organizes an
annual in-store “Sichuan Pepper Festival” to promote both Sichuan
pepper sales and development of alternative livelihoods in
participating Minshan communities. By 2010, the Sichuan Pepper
Association of Maoxian County in Sichuan Province had provided
more than 90 tons of Sichuan peppers to Carrefour stores, while
more than 1300 households are participating in this program that
have had an average increase of 500 yuan in their annual incomes.
20. 100
35 36
Pambassadors for panda monitoring in Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve, Sichuan. Photo by Shang Tao
In order to support both nature conservation and
economic development, WWF promotes
low-impact ecotourism in giant panda areas. To
further this aspect of panda conservation efforts,
WWF has reached a consensus with provincial
tourism authorities to develop a sustainable
tourism industry that is conscious of the need to
protect biodiversity and the environment. In this
regard, WWF assists local communities to
provide eco-tourism related services, such as
homestays and nature guides, by giving technical
ecotourism trainings on these and other topics in
panda area communities.
Ecotourism Development
Raising
Public Awareness
Public awareness and education are a critical component of WWF’s
work in panda areas. WWF has conducted more than 100 public
awareness and education campaigns in panda range areas, such as the
“Qinling Youth Ambassadors,” “Wetland Ambassadors,” and “Earth
Hour” Programmes. In addition, millions of people from all over
China have participated in these and other WWF pubic awareness
activities, including participation in bird-watching, nature
photography, and eco-study tours that WWF has organized.
The WWF Green Heart of China Project The WWF Green Heart of China Project
eco-events for
public
awareness
and
education
21. Photo by Zhao Jinna
WWF is assisting nature reserves and forest farms in panda areas in
developing ecotourism management plans, building tourist
information and environmental education centers, and mitigating the
negative impacts of tourism on these reserves. In 2010, WWF
supported the construction of tourist information and environmental
education centers at the Changqing National Nature Reserve in
Shaanxi Province and the Laohegou Forest Farm in Pingwu County,
Sichuan Province. These centers feature photo exhibits about these
sites, comprehensive educational displays on local natural resources,
and descriptions of conservation efforts at these sites. These centers
also organize local environmental education activities.
22. 39 40
Looking Toward
the Future
In alignment with China’s 12th National Five-Year Plan for 2011-2015 and China’s
2011-2020 Giant Panda Conservation Plan – China’s second ten-year panda conservation
plan – WWF will further refine its comprehensive strategy for integrated conservation of
both pandas and their habitat. In this coming phase of WWF’s panda work, WWF will be
attempting to designate a “Giant Panda Eco-Zone” to establish a harmonious balance
between humans and nature in the panda’s upper Yangtze Basin home. Thus, over the
coming decade, WWF will work with its partners to advance the following strategic panda
conservation objectives:
Provide policy guidance at the national level with respect to the long-term protection of
giant pandas and their habitat;
Demonstrate clean energy technologies, alternative livelihoods, and sustainable development
practices to reduce dependence on the local natural resource base in panda range area communities.
Demonstrate forest and wetland carbon offset certification and low-carbon city practices to help
mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change on the upper Yangtze Basin.
In the next 10-20 years, working with its
partners, WWF will be attempting to
designate a “Giant Panda Eco-Zone” to
establish a harmonious balance between
humans and nature in the panda’s Upper
Yangtze Basin home
Develop and implement a climate change adaptation strategy for panda range areas.
Advocate for improvement of relevant national policies concerning pandas and further develop the
giant panda conservation network.
Evaluate current climate change impacts models and advocate for relevant policies to mitigate and
adapt to climate change.
Looking Toward the Future Looking Toward the Future
23. Tell me about forest. Drawn by Zhang Ziyu, 10 years old.
24. 43 44
What can you do
to protect pandas?
If you wish to become a socially
and environmentally
responsible individual,
you can
The survival of the giant panda ultimately depends on each and every one of us. Effectively protecting
this rare, special creature will bring great benefits to many other species, including our own, by better
protecting our common home, planet Earth.
If you wish to become
a socially andenvironmentally
responsible business,
you can
Join WWF’s Corporate Alliance to support panda conservation;
Procure certified raw materials, such as FSC wood products, that ensure the
environmental sustainability and traceability of the certified goods;
Maintain a low carbon office, such as by reducing unnecessary printing,
photocopying, and paper consumption and by minimizing energy use;
Implement an office policy on low carbon travel, avoid non-essential business
travel, and take trains instead of airplanes as much as possible;
Use sustainable production principles in the workplace;
Follow a green, low carbon lifestyle to save energy and other resources;
Purchase products with FSC or organic-green certification;
Refrain from buying wildlife products;
Holiday as an ecotourist rather than as part of mass tourism excursions;
Share your environmental awareness with family and friends;
Volunteer for WWF and participate in our exciting environmental activities;
Looking Toward the Future Looking Toward the Future