John Young's presentation at the GDN workshop on 'Maximizing the Impact of Agricultural Research in Africa' held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in October 2008. In his talk, he outlines how organisations can work within complex policy processes to achieve impact and expands on several tools that can be used as part of this process.

1. Working with complexity: Six steps to enhance research John Young [email_address]

3. Influencing policy in 6 steps

4. An analytical framework External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc The political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc. The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc The links between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge etc.

5. Policy Organisation Map Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Policy Programme. Ministry of Finance. Egypt. www.sme.gov.eg

7. AIIM: some examples

8. Why projects fail.... Project Effort Other Actors Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact Behaviour Change

9. The Three Stages OUTCOME MAPPING: Building Learning and Reflection into Development Programs Sarah Earl, Fred Carden, and Terry Smutylo http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9330-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

10. Force Field Analysis 5* 3 ? ? Total = ? MEF Time ? ? Negative forces 4 1 2 ? Total = ? Funds CSOs Public demand ? Positive forces 2 1 ? ? Your influence on the force Plan: Minister of Trade puts forward pro-poor trade and complementary policy programme to the cabinet by April 2008 4 2 2 ? Your influence on the force

12. Competencies Framework