This document is an excavation and civil work permit that specifies the details of an excavation job, including:
- The applicant department and contractor
- The exact location of the excavation
- The specified job and excavation depth
- Commencing and completion times
- Signatures from electrical and civil approving authorities confirming the area is safe to excavate
- Precautions that must be taken, such as barriers and illumination
- Potential hazards identified in the area like gas lines
- Required protective equipment
It provides important instructions that the permit must be displayed, is only valid for the specified area and time, and must be reissued if work extends beyond the expiry time. Additions or alterations invalidate
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
OSHA and the NFPA have specific guidance and safeguards that must be followed when performing hot work operations. This can most readily be achieved by instituting a hot work permit program/system at your facility or within your community. This slideshare provides an overview of the hot work process and considerations. This presentation is based on the requirements found in NFPA 1:41 and NFPA 51B.
21 Confined Space Working Risk Assessment Templates
Planned confined space work in areas where live services may be present including:
• Water;
• Sewerage;
• Gas;
PRIOR TO ENTRY
Confined space working –
• Deep excavations;
• Tanks;
• Vessels;
• Manholes;
• NDRC pits;
• Bridge decks;
• Pipework;
• Sewerage;
• Lift shafts;
• Ducting;
• Etc.
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
OSHA and the NFPA have specific guidance and safeguards that must be followed when performing hot work operations. This can most readily be achieved by instituting a hot work permit program/system at your facility or within your community. This slideshare provides an overview of the hot work process and considerations. This presentation is based on the requirements found in NFPA 1:41 and NFPA 51B.
21 Confined Space Working Risk Assessment Templates
Planned confined space work in areas where live services may be present including:
• Water;
• Sewerage;
• Gas;
PRIOR TO ENTRY
Confined space working –
• Deep excavations;
• Tanks;
• Vessels;
• Manholes;
• NDRC pits;
• Bridge decks;
• Pipework;
• Sewerage;
• Lift shafts;
• Ducting;
• Etc.
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Use of mechanical breakers – excavator – for demolition of concrete structure Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00940 – Plant Operators; Additional Training required:
NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
L C RR
1 Plant checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of heavy plant for demolition; • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
3 4 12
HIGH i. All plant to be Third Party Certificated by a DM approved inspector, documentation available on arrival to site;
ii. Operators to have in-date Third Party certificate by approved body, available for review on arrival to site;
iii. Visual inspection of plant undertaken by competent person; Documentation unavailable for review Plant quarantined until evidence provided Low
2 Demolition of concrete structure • Excavator breaker operation
• (Operator)Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Operator visibility; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of plant by untrained personnel;
• Collision with plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Noise;
• Exposed rebar – risk of injury;
• Possible contamination of asbestos in structure;
• Proximity to public areas;
4 4 16 HIGH i. Demolition Method statement to be submitted and adhered to. Demolition to be undertaken in a sequential, controlled
19 use of mobile elevated work platforms risk assessment templatesDwarika Bhushan Sharma
19 Use of Mobile Elevated Work Platforms Risk Assessment Templates
MEWP checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of Access plant • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
MEWP operation
(Operator) • Operator competency;
• Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Work at Height; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• MEWP overturning;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of MEWP by untrained personnel;
• Operators climbing onto hand rails;
• Collision with other plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working MEWP, very high risk of fatality;
• Falling materials;
MEWP operation (supervision) • MEWP operations around workers;
• Workers in MEWP operating radius;
• Reversing vehicles; • Worker struck by vehicle;•
1. Project Information: (To be filled by initiator/originator)
Project Name: Permit No.:
Project Location:
Requesting Contractor/Company
2. Permit Issuance Details: (To be filled by initiator/originator)
THIS PERMIT IS ONLY FOR ONE SHIFT AND NOT EXTENDABLE
Description of Task:
Detail of Surroundings:
Permit Validity:
Time (from): __________Hrs.
Time (To): __________Hrs.
Date:
Type :
Work at height without guardrails
Work at height on fragile surfaces
3. Prerequisites: (To be filled by initiator/originator and verified by Evaluator) Yes-No-NA
Method Statement and Risk Assessment developed, approved and communicated? ☐ ☐ ☐
Area barricaded & proper signage are posted? ☐ ☐ ☐
Qualified and briefed workers? ☐ ☐ ☐
PPE of workers available & inspected as per MS/RA? ☐ ☐ ☐
Tools/Equipment inspected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Safe means of access/ Egress? ☐ ☐ ☐
Lifeline available and inspected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Fragile surface covered / work surface protected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Dimensions of platform and restrain lanyard match safety requirement? ☐ ☐ ☐
Harness with double lanyard provided and its use briefed to workforce? ☐ ☐ ☐
Harness anchorage point checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Load bearing capacity of anchoring point checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Load bearing capacity of fragile service checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Emergency response procedure and rescue plan are developed & communicated? ☐ ☐ ☐
Others ( Specify) ☐ ☐ ☐
4. Acknowledgement by Initiator and Evaluator:
☐ Acknowledge that all above precautions have been taken. These have also been fully explained to the operatives, and I consider them competent to do it safely.
Initiator/Originator Name: Designation:
Signature: Date /Time:
☐ Acknowledge that I have checked above control measures and consider the work area safe to carry out the activity
Evaluator (HSE Team): Designation:
Signature: Date /Time
Comments (if any):
5. Authorization (PM/CM):
Name: Designation:
Signature: Date /Time:
6. Completion/Cancelation of Permit:
☐ Acknowledge that the area have been restored to a safe and orderly condition.
Initiator Signature: Time:
☐ Acknowledge that I have checked the area and been restored to a safe and orderly condition.
Evaluator Signature : Time:
1st Warning 0 Ref. No. ______________
2nd Warning 0
3rd Warning 0
4th Warning 0 Date: ________________
Employee’s Name : ______________________________________ M.B No. : __________
Occupation : _____________________________________________________________________
Location / Project Site: _____________________________________________________________________
You have committed the following HSE violation/s:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
The employee is hereby warned that if the violation is repeated further disciplinary action can be
taken as per the company Code of Conduct.
ORIGINATOR APPROVED BY (MANAGER IN CHARGE / ARABTEC HSEQ & ORG. RISK Manager)
Name: _______________________________ Name: _____________________________
Designation: _______________________________ Designation: _____________________________
Signature:
_______________________________ Signature:
_____________________________
Employee Acknowledgement:
I the undersigned have received this Safety warning letter / disciplinary notice and I admit that I have understood the contents.
0 Received on: ………………………….. (Date) Signature: ………………………………..…..
15 Formwork (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Material delivery to work area;
Formwork installation
(Classified as Temporary Structures)
Housekeeping when erecting formwork
Dismantling of form-work
Maintenance of Formwork
Worker exposure to direct sun whist working on formwork
(as applicable)
20 use of suspended access cradles and platforms (temporary works) risk asses...Dwarika Bhushan Sharma
20 Use of Suspended Access cradles and Platforms (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Cradle checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO USE • Use of Access equipment • Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
Pre-use checks of suspended access cradle or platform • Work at Height; • Collapse of cradle through damage or failure of equipment;
• Falling materials;
Cradle operation ; • Work at Height; • Fall from height;
• Material fall from height;
• Machine malfunction at height;
• Workers trapped at height;
What is Permit to work system?
What are the requirements of permit to work?
Different types of permit to work system such electrical, hot and cold work etc.
Overhead crane, crane safety, lifting operation, EHS, Safety, Testing of Crane, Commissioning of Cranes,
for soft copy please email me at dawoodibrar@hotmail.com
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Use of mechanical breakers – excavator – for demolition of concrete structure Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00940 – Plant Operators; Additional Training required:
NOC’s Required for task:
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
L C RR
1 Plant checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of heavy plant for demolition; • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
3 4 12
HIGH i. All plant to be Third Party Certificated by a DM approved inspector, documentation available on arrival to site;
ii. Operators to have in-date Third Party certificate by approved body, available for review on arrival to site;
iii. Visual inspection of plant undertaken by competent person; Documentation unavailable for review Plant quarantined until evidence provided Low
2 Demolition of concrete structure • Excavator breaker operation
• (Operator)Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Operator visibility; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of plant by untrained personnel;
• Collision with plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working plant, very high risk of fatality;
• Noise;
• Exposed rebar – risk of injury;
• Possible contamination of asbestos in structure;
• Proximity to public areas;
4 4 16 HIGH i. Demolition Method statement to be submitted and adhered to. Demolition to be undertaken in a sequential, controlled
19 use of mobile elevated work platforms risk assessment templatesDwarika Bhushan Sharma
19 Use of Mobile Elevated Work Platforms Risk Assessment Templates
MEWP checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO SITE ACCESS • Use of Access plant • Unauthorized operation of the plant resulting in incident;
• Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
MEWP operation
(Operator) • Operator competency;
• Plant / pedestrian interaction;
• Work at Height; • Incident due to use of defective plant or associated equipment;
• MEWP overturning;
• Plant reversing – risk of serious injury to pedestrians;
• Unauthorized use of MEWP by untrained personnel;
• Operators climbing onto hand rails;
• Collision with other plant and live traffic within site boundary;
• Workers struck by working MEWP, very high risk of fatality;
• Falling materials;
MEWP operation (supervision) • MEWP operations around workers;
• Workers in MEWP operating radius;
• Reversing vehicles; • Worker struck by vehicle;•
1. Project Information: (To be filled by initiator/originator)
Project Name: Permit No.:
Project Location:
Requesting Contractor/Company
2. Permit Issuance Details: (To be filled by initiator/originator)
THIS PERMIT IS ONLY FOR ONE SHIFT AND NOT EXTENDABLE
Description of Task:
Detail of Surroundings:
Permit Validity:
Time (from): __________Hrs.
Time (To): __________Hrs.
Date:
Type :
Work at height without guardrails
Work at height on fragile surfaces
3. Prerequisites: (To be filled by initiator/originator and verified by Evaluator) Yes-No-NA
Method Statement and Risk Assessment developed, approved and communicated? ☐ ☐ ☐
Area barricaded & proper signage are posted? ☐ ☐ ☐
Qualified and briefed workers? ☐ ☐ ☐
PPE of workers available & inspected as per MS/RA? ☐ ☐ ☐
Tools/Equipment inspected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Safe means of access/ Egress? ☐ ☐ ☐
Lifeline available and inspected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Fragile surface covered / work surface protected? ☐ ☐ ☐
Dimensions of platform and restrain lanyard match safety requirement? ☐ ☐ ☐
Harness with double lanyard provided and its use briefed to workforce? ☐ ☐ ☐
Harness anchorage point checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Load bearing capacity of anchoring point checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Load bearing capacity of fragile service checked? ☐ ☐ ☐
Emergency response procedure and rescue plan are developed & communicated? ☐ ☐ ☐
Others ( Specify) ☐ ☐ ☐
4. Acknowledgement by Initiator and Evaluator:
☐ Acknowledge that all above precautions have been taken. These have also been fully explained to the operatives, and I consider them competent to do it safely.
Initiator/Originator Name: Designation:
Signature: Date /Time:
☐ Acknowledge that I have checked above control measures and consider the work area safe to carry out the activity
Evaluator (HSE Team): Designation:
Signature: Date /Time
Comments (if any):
5. Authorization (PM/CM):
Name: Designation:
Signature: Date /Time:
6. Completion/Cancelation of Permit:
☐ Acknowledge that the area have been restored to a safe and orderly condition.
Initiator Signature: Time:
☐ Acknowledge that I have checked the area and been restored to a safe and orderly condition.
Evaluator Signature : Time:
1st Warning 0 Ref. No. ______________
2nd Warning 0
3rd Warning 0
4th Warning 0 Date: ________________
Employee’s Name : ______________________________________ M.B No. : __________
Occupation : _____________________________________________________________________
Location / Project Site: _____________________________________________________________________
You have committed the following HSE violation/s:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
The employee is hereby warned that if the violation is repeated further disciplinary action can be
taken as per the company Code of Conduct.
ORIGINATOR APPROVED BY (MANAGER IN CHARGE / ARABTEC HSEQ & ORG. RISK Manager)
Name: _______________________________ Name: _____________________________
Designation: _______________________________ Designation: _____________________________
Signature:
_______________________________ Signature:
_____________________________
Employee Acknowledgement:
I the undersigned have received this Safety warning letter / disciplinary notice and I admit that I have understood the contents.
0 Received on: ………………………….. (Date) Signature: ………………………………..…..
15 Formwork (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Access to work areas by personnel and plant.
Material delivery to work area;
Formwork installation
(Classified as Temporary Structures)
Housekeeping when erecting formwork
Dismantling of form-work
Maintenance of Formwork
Worker exposure to direct sun whist working on formwork
(as applicable)
20 use of suspended access cradles and platforms (temporary works) risk asses...Dwarika Bhushan Sharma
20 Use of Suspended Access cradles and Platforms (Temporary Works) Risk Assessment Templates
Cradle checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO USE • Use of Access equipment • Failure due to use of un-certificated plant;
Pre-use checks of suspended access cradle or platform • Work at Height; • Collapse of cradle through damage or failure of equipment;
• Falling materials;
Cradle operation ; • Work at Height; • Fall from height;
• Material fall from height;
• Machine malfunction at height;
• Workers trapped at height;
What is Permit to work system?
What are the requirements of permit to work?
Different types of permit to work system such electrical, hot and cold work etc.
Overhead crane, crane safety, lifting operation, EHS, Safety, Testing of Crane, Commissioning of Cranes,
for soft copy please email me at dawoodibrar@hotmail.com
Issue Date: _______________ Permit No: ____________
Permit Requested By: __________________ Company Name: ________________ Permit Accepted By: __________________ Company Name: ________________
Validity From: __________ To: __________
1. Job Location: _____________________________________________________________
2. Job Description: __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Tools & Materials to be used:
❑Explosive Device ❑Sandblaster ❑Jack hammers
❑Hand Tools ❑Drill ❑Jack hammers
❑Powered Excavation Equipment ❑Powered cutting Saw ❑Ladder/Scaffolding
❑Air Heater ❑LPG Gas ❑Others
4- Details of potential hazards:
❑Falling from height ❑ Material Fall down ❑Skin Exposures
❑Electrocuted ❑ Slip and trip ❑Burn out due to fire/acid etc.
❑Exposure to Eye ❑ Inhalation of any Gas ❑Breathing Problem ❑Others
5- Details of precaution need to be taken:
❑Caution Signage to be placed ❑Proper fixture an erection of Scaffolding/Ladder
❑Excavated Area fencing ❑Electrical Isolation
❑Fire water supply isolation ❑Fire water tanker to be provided
❑Fire Extinguishers to be provided ❑Exhaust fan to be provided
❑Informed security Et Help Desk ❑Other
6- Details of protective equipment to be used or worn:
❑Safety Shoes
❑Safety Helmet
❑Face Shield/Goggle/Glasses
❑Gloves (As per work)
❑Safety harness/Belt/Lifeline
❑Uniform ❑Respiratory Equipment/Dust Mask
❑Chemical Suite/Apron
❑Ear protection
❑Fire Blanket/Protection Sheet
❑Rubber Mat/Ground Fault Interrupter
❑Other
7- Signature of Permit Requestor:
Contact No:-
8- Signature of PTW Acceptor:
Contact No:-
9- Signature of Permit Issuer/HSE Representative:
10- Signature of handover of responsibility between shifts, if needed.
11- Declaration by competent person in -charge of work that work is completed.
12- Signature of Maintenance / works representative ensuring that the work is
completed, site has been checked and that equipment and place may be reinstated / left
Safely isolated.
13- Signature of person issuing the permit / HSE representative which confirms that the
Site has been left in safe condition and the permit is cancelled.
14- Signature of the management representative signing off the permit to work.
REMARKS:-
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Waste-to-energy uses trash as a fuel for generating power, just as other power plants use coal, oil, or natural gas. The burning fuel heats water into steam that drives a turbine to create electricity.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Systematic control of generation, collection, storage, transport, source separation, processing, treatment, recovery, and disposal of solid waste.
A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Work permit
1. Excavation and Civil Work Permit
Sr. No. ________________
Applied by: ________________ Department / Contractor: _____________________
Area ______________________ Exact Location: _____________________________
Specified Job: ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Excavation depth: __________________________
Commencing time: ____________ hrs. Date: _______________
Completion time: _____________ hrs. Date: _______________
Sign of applying Authority: __________________
Electrical Approving Authority-
Area of excavation contain
High Voltage Cable Low Voltage Cables
Medium Voltage Cable No Cables
Any other Cable: _______________________________________________________________________________
Signed by Name: __________________ NO.: ___________________
Time: ___________________ Date : _______________________
Civil Approving Authority
Area of Excavation contains.
API Sewerage line Sanitary Waste Sewerage line
Road Cutting Manholes
Oil Sewers Other: _______________________
Catch Basin ______________________________
Signed by Civil Engineer : ___________________ Name : ____________________ NO.: ________________
Time : __________________ Date : ____________________
Precaution to be taken by performing Authority.
.
Floor Area Wet Supervision by Elect. Deptt.
Road barriers required Illumination required
Area Cordoned Any other: _______________________
Hazard Identified.
Fire Water Line Drinking Water Line Service Water Line Furnace Oil Line
F. O / HSD Line White Product Line Gas Line Any Other : ______________________
Protective Equipment / Clothings, Required.
Gloves Safety Belt Eye Protection Dust Mask Safety Harness
Safety Shoes Coverall Safety Helmet Any Other ________________________
Gas test of the area made by: _______________________________ Explosively: _______________________________
No: ______________ Signature _______________
Maint - II ______________ Engg: ___________________ Concerned area _______________
No: ______________ No: ______________ No: ______________
Date : ____________ Time ________ Date : ____________ Time __________ Date : ____________ Time _________
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2. Important Instructions:
1. This permit shall be displayed at a conspicuous place close to area under
excavation / construction.
2. This permit is valid for the specified area only.
3. This permit is valid for the specified time and duration mentioned on it.
4. It shall be reissued / extended if the job has to be done beyond expiry time.
5. Permit can be extended only once.
6. Addition / Alteration on the permit except renewal makes the permit invalid.
7. Excavation is any work, which requires breaking the earth surface, or pavement
including the removal of previously installed roadways, slabs or foundation at or
below the surrounding ground level.
8. On any excavation job Electrical Deptt. Supervision is must.
3. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
PERMIT NO. ___________
Specification of work
Department ______________________
• Equipment Identification No _______________________________________________________________
• Exact work location ______________________________________________________________________
• Work to be performed :_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Equipment Status:
Depressurized Drained Ventilated Free from toxic material
Isolated Cooled Oxygen Sufficient
Free from flammable Material Blinded Machines & devices inside isolated and tagged
Area clean and safe Any other
Precautions to be taken by Receiving / Issuing Authority:
Use Gloves Use Fresh air line required Use Safety Harness Use Eye Protection
Use Face Shield Use Canister Mask Use Self Contained B.A set
Use Rubber Boots Use Dust Mask Use Hearing Protection Attendant Deputed
Extra light 24 Volt required Any other _________________________________________________________
Gas Test:
Gas test to be carried out:
Date Time Oxygen %LEL H2S Safe for Entry
(Yes/No
Signature HSE / Fire
Protection
Permit Begins at ___________ hrs. Date ________________ Expiresat _____________ hrs. Date ___________________
I have inspected the above mentioned Confined Space and declare that it is a safe entry.
Issuing Authority:
Signed by Issuing Authority ____________________
Name: _________________________Employee # ___________ Date: _____________ Time: ________________
Receiving Authority:
Signed by Receiving Authority ____________________
Name: _________________________Employee # ___________ Date: _____________ Time: ________________
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Please read precautions and important points at the back.
4. Confined Space Entry General Instruction
1. Fresh air line apparatus be used continuously in confined space if oxygen is less than 19.5%.
2. Fresh air line / air compressor must be positioned well upwind away from the job
3. Life line and Safety harness must be worn by each man working inside vessel / confined space
where necessary.
4. Attendant must observe man working inside all the time.
5. Attendant must not leave the site unattended and if necessary call the man working inside to
leave the confined space till his return to the site.
6. Attendant must be standby with fresh air line / SCBA. (When required)
7. Flame Torches must be removed outside from confined space when not in use.
Important
• This permit be displayed conspicuously on or near the job.
• Adequate ventilat ion must be provided. (When required)
• Addition / Alteration makes the permit invalid
• Safety equipment needed for work must be used properly as instructed and returned
back after job.
• All signatures on permit must include Employee #. ______________
• Any draining operation from adjacent equipment should be avoided.
5. HOT WORK PERMIT
PERMIT NO. ___________
NAKED FLAME / SPARK POTENTIAL
1. Specification of work Department
______________________
• Identification of equipment ___________________
• Exact work location _________________________
• Work to be performed:_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Equipment to be used:
Electric Welding Machine Mobile Crane Compressor Sand/ Grit blasting
Mobile pump Motor Vehicle Temp. Lights Electric/Pneumatic Drills
Gas cutting set Grinding Hot tapping Powered steel wire
brushes
IC Engine/ Liqua blaster Welding Generator Electric Extension/ Board Hacksaw Cutting
Compacter / Vibrator Other
______________________________________________________________
Signed by initiator: / Receiving Authority _________________________ Date: __________________
3. Hazards Identified by Issuing authority:
Liquid/ Gas under pressure Hot Material/Surface Moving Machinery Toxic Material
Confined Space entry Flammable Material Lifting Operation Danger of Falling
Work at height Electrically deenergized Other ________________________________
4. Precautions to be taken by issuing Authority:
Thoroughly Ventilated Suitable Access/ Egress Consider Adjacent work
API Sewer Covered Isolated Drains/Sewers sealed within 10 meters
Safety watch provided Blinded Fire Extinguisher on site
Work area kept water wet Fire hose or Turret Nozzle Pressured & Tested
Area free of flammable / combustible materials Follow precautions at the back of the permit
Other _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Precaution to be taken by Receiving Authority
Equipment Correctly Positioned Earthling connection provided
Other if any ____________________________________________________
6. Protective clothing and Safety Equipment:
Gloves Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus Safety Harness Eye Protection
Safety Belt Face Shield Canister Mask S.C.B.A set
Full Chemical Suit Dust Mask Hearing Protection Fall Arrest Equipment
Other
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Supplementary Permit:
Excavation Permit Scaffolding Permit Confined space entry Permit
El Electrical Energize/De-energize Permit________________________ Others _______________________
8. Periodical Site Gas Test:(Mandatory/Not Applicable) ( To be mentioned by issuing Authority)
8 – a. If Yes. (Mention time duration) ________________________
8 – b. Explosivty Result.___________ Name _____________ # __________ Signed __________
• Permit begins at _____________ hrs. Date: ______________________
• Permit expires at _____________ hrs Date: ______________________
9.Issuing Authority:
I have inspected the Equipment/work location and declare that the work specified on this permit can now be performed
safely
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6. General Instructions:
1. The permit serves purely the safety of personal and Equipment, based on such, the person filling
this permit is to ensure that all requirements and precautions are taken either mentioned in the permit
or not.
2. Within hazardous areas, no hot work is allowed to be carried out by Maint, Inspection or other
Service Departments, without the knowledge and permission of Operation Manager.
3. The issuing / Receiving authority is entirely responsible to ensure that the site is safe for carrying
out the job from the moment he signs or receives the permit until the moment of the cancellation. He
should stop work immediately when the condition changes to unsafe and he can then issue a new
permit.
4. Tick (✓) against any action only after ensuring it is done properly and completely. If there is any
doubt of job completion, this should be marked in the permit with the necessary precautions required.
5. The initiator of this permit should be supervisor or above.
6. Cancellation of the permit is to be done on the Hard copy on site under intimation to concerned
deptt. By issuing / receiving authorities.
7. Fire equipment needed for the work must be used properly as instructed, they should be returned
back to Fire Deppt after completion of work, in a good and clean condition by the performing crew or
be returned to their original location. If there is any damage or change in condition of the safety
equipment, it should be immediately reported to Fire Protection Deptt.
8. Site supervisor has the right to stop the work at any time if he feels that it is unsafe to continue. He
should then inform his supervisor.
9. Hot work should be stopped immediately during any emergency conditions within or in the
vicinity units.
10. Hot work should be stopped immediately during high air velocity which may create a hazardous
situations of blowing welding / cutting, grinding slag and sparks to the vicinity units.
11. All hydrocarbon-draining operations within the vicinity units should be stopped during the hot
work.
12. All signing authorities must include their employment numbers on the permit.
13. When opening or disconnecting equipment which may release hazardous materials irrespective of
all action taken, they must be taken care of accordingly.
14. If the work is started during a shift other than when the permit was issued, the site supervisor
should be informed before performing the job.
15. Permit shall stand cancelled if not started within 45 minutes of the issuance time.
16. Issuing authority shall ensure use of proper safety equipment.
17. Equipment used for the Hot Work jobs: will be switched off / de-energized when work site is
unattended.
Hot Work PermitHot Work Permit
7. PERMIT NO. ___________
RADIOGRAPHY PERMIT
Source Strength ____________________________________________ Curie
Work To Be Performed _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Exact Location
____________________________________________________________________
Performing Deptt./ Contractor
_______________________________________________
Precautions To Be Taken By Performing Authority: Yes
• Is Area Cordoned Off?
• Is Area Man Freed?
• Are Radiography Sign Boards Placed?
• Is fire watch required?
• Is adequate warning, lamp or audible signal on site provided?
• Is Fire Station/ Security Informed?
• Names of Roads Blocked if any
____________________________________________________
• Others:
__________________________________________________________________
Permit must be displayed on Job Site.
Permit Begins at ___________ hrs Date _______________
Issuing and Receiving Authorities to read the instructions at the back page of the hard copy
Received By Issued By
Signature _______________ Signature __________________
Name: _____________________________# ___________ Name: _____________ # ___________
st
• nd
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•
•
8. Important Instructions:
1 This permit does not authorize any work other than actually carrying out the radiography. If any
work is to be done for preparation or for assisting the radiography, the respective Hot / Cold /
Electrical / Vessel Entry Permit must be obtained
5 It shall be extended / reissued if the radiography has to be continued beyond expiry time.
6 If the work is not started or is stopped for any period due to safety consideration, the permit
must be revalidated by the issuing authority before the work is started or resumed.
2 This permit shall be displayed at a conspicuous place close to the work area.
3 This permit is valid for the specified location only.
4 This permit is valid only upto the specified time.
7 This permit can be extended only once.
8 Addition / alteration on the permit except renewal makes the permit invalid.
RADIO GRAPHY WORK PERMIT