The document summarizes the history of Australia up until 1901. It describes the indigenous Aboriginal people as the first inhabitants who lived as hunter-gatherers. It then discusses early European explorers like Abel Tasman and Captain James Cook who charted the coastline in the 17th-18th centuries. The document also notes that Britain began transporting convicts to Australia in the late 18th century to serve out their sentences through hard labor and building settlements. Gold was discovered in Australia in the 1800s, fueling further western expansion into the interior.

1. The History of Australia to 1901

2. Aborigines - 1 st inhabitants – indigenous people *resemble primitive people from Asia and South Pacific Islands *may have come across land bridges from SE Asia *hunting and gathering group

4. Possessions of Aborigines – boomerangs, spears, tools of wood and stone for digging, cutting and carrying things

6. Art of aborigines – rock painting symbolic of spiritual ancestors

8. Walkabout – present day term for nomadic wandering

9. Explorers – 16th Century – explorations began *Portugese able to see Australia but didn’t land there * Abel Tasman- Dutch explorer

10. Abel Tasman’s routes

11. Portrait of Abel Tasman

12. Captain James Cook – 1 st to survey Australia’s coast in 1770 *made way through coral reefs to reach mainland

13. Captain Cook’s Routes

14. Convicts -debtors shipped to Australia from Britain to work out their sentence

15. First Fleet of prisoners to arrive in Australia

16. Convicts building roads

17. Jail Gang

18. Port Royal – penal colony

19. Early settlements – difficult because soil was poor *people didn’t like the native plants for food

20. Effects of settlers on aborigines – lands were taken away by settlers *put up little resistance *weakened by western diseases; use of alcohol, and breakdown of tribal ties

21. Sheep -introduced in 1805 by retired British navy captain , John Macarthur

22. John Macarthur later had his picture on a 2 dollar bill in Australia.

24. Sheep shearing-The sheep are shaved and the wool is sold.

27. Australian Gold Rush – gold was discovered in the interior of Australia and caused the west to grow

28. Edward Hargreaves – 1 st to discover gold in Australia "There is as much gold in the country I’m going to as there is in California, and Her Most Gracious Majesty, the Queen, God bless her, will appoint me one of her Gold Commissioners". - Edward Hargraves