Wings plan form shapes
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The document summarizes five common wing planforms - rectangular, elliptical, tapered, swept, and delta wings. It provides examples of aircraft that use each type of wing and notes their aerodynamic efficiencies and manufacturing complexities. Additional wing variations discussed include trapezoidal, ogive, swept back, swept forward, and variable sweep wings.
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This presentation discusses swept wing configurations and their applications for supersonic flight. Swept wings reduce wave drag at transonic speeds by angling shock waves away from the aircraft. Swept wings were first developed in Germany in the 1930s and became prominent with aircraft like the MiG-15 and F-86. Variations include forward swept wings, which provide maneuverability but are expensive, and variable sweep wings which can change sweep angle during flight. Swept wings provide benefits like lateral stability and delaying compressibility effects at transonic speeds.
Aircraft Analysis Project
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This document discusses vertical take-off and landing vehicles (VTOL). It begins by defining VTOLs as aircraft that can take off and land vertically without needing a long runway. It then provides a brief history of VTOL development, mentioning early experimental vehicles from the 1950s-1970s like the Yak-38 and Lockheed XFV-1. More recent VTOL designs include tiltrotor aircraft like the MV-22 Osprey and unmanned vehicles like the Hover-eye micro UAV. The document also discusses different VTOL configurations including wing-type, helicopter-type, and ducted-fan designs. It notes VTOLs can have military, surveillance, cargo delivery and other applications. In
IRJET- Vertical Take Off & Landing Vehicles
Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles can take off and land vertically without needing a long runway. There are several types of VTOL vehicles including fixed-wing aircraft with vector thrust engines, helicopters with overhead rotors, and ducted fan vehicles. Early VTOL designs from the 1950s-1970s often failed or had short take-off capabilities. More recent VTOL designs include tiltrotor aircraft like the MV-22 Osprey which can hover like a helicopter and fly like a plane. Unmanned VTOL vehicles are also being developed for applications like surveillance, aerial photography, and material delivery. Ongoing research focuses on developing stable and controllable VTOL designs like hoverbikes for both
Blended Wing Body (BWB) - Future Of Aviation
What is Blended Wing Body, History, Advantages And Disadvantages, Design and Structure, How airplanes Fly, Conventional airplanes vs. BWB, Future Scope And Challenges.
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What Is Blended Wing Body, History of BWB, How Airplanes Fly, Aircraft Control Surfaces, Design and Structure of BWB, Advantages and Disadvantages, Conventional aircraft vs. BWB, Future Scope and Challenges
Mig-21and fighter maneuverability in today's terms
The document discusses maneuverability testing of the MiG-21 fighter jet. It describes how US evaluations found the MiG-21 could maintain controllability and turn performance at much lower speeds and higher angles of attack than indicated in Soviet manuals. Even highly maneuverable jets like the F-15 struggled in dogfights against the MiG-21 at low speeds. The document analyzes aerodynamic characteristics that gave the MiG-21 excellent low-speed maneuverability, such as a delta wing design and stability at high angles of attack.
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Mig-21and fighter maneuverability in today's terms
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This document summarizes different types of emergency locator transmitters (ELTs) used in aircraft. It describes 5 types of ELTs: Type A or AD are automatic ejectable transmitters; Type F or AF are automatic fixed transmitters installed in aircraft; Type AP are automatic but portable; Type P must be manually activated; and Type W or S are water activated or for survival and will transmit if immersed in water. The document provides details on the features and operation of each ELT type.
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The document provides information on the purpose, elements, and layout of business letters. It discusses the standard elements which must be included like heading, date, inside address, salutation, body, complimentary close, signature block. It also covers additional optional elements like attention line, subject line, enclosure notation. Finally, it describes the different formats for business letters like block, modified block, semi-block, and simplified layouts.
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This document discusses different types of boilers. It begins by explaining that a boiler produces steam using the thermal energy released from fuel combustion. It then describes the common uses of steam and some key properties of boilers. The document goes on to classify boilers based on whether they use fire tubes or water tubes to transfer heat. Several specific boiler designs are outlined, including their features and advantages. Key metrics for evaluating boiler performance like evaporative capacity and efficiency are also defined.
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The document discusses different types of dielectric materials including solid, liquid, and gaseous dielectrics. Solid dielectrics are effective electrical insulators and can transmit or emit light. Liquid dielectrics are used in high voltage applications to prevent electric discharges and provide insulation and cooling. Common examples include transformer oil. Gaseous dielectrics also prevent electric discharges in high voltage equipment and commonly used gases include air, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride and perfluorocarbons. Dielectrics are used in capacitors to store charge and increase capacitance. Dielectric resonators are used in oscillator circuits to provide a frequency reference. Transformer oil is used to cool transformers and provide electrical insulation between live parts.
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This document discusses green marketing and sustainable marketing. Green marketing aims to satisfy human needs and wants with minimal environmental impact. Sustainable marketing creates value for customers and companies while preserving natural and human capital. Companies that develop green products can access new markets and enjoy competitive advantages over those that do not. Some challenges to green products include higher costs and a lack of consumer awareness and willingness to pay more. The document provides examples of LG and HCL introducing eco-friendly electronics products in India.
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一比一原版(Columbia毕业证)哥伦比亚大学毕业证如何办理
Columbia毕业证offer【微信95270640】☀《哥伦比亚大学毕业证购买》Q微信95270640《Columbia毕业证文凭补》文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,留信认证的作用：
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6：个人职称评审加20分。
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办国外哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学毕业证录取书教育部学历学位认证留信认证大使馆认证留学回国人员证明修改成绩单信封申请学校offer录取通知书在读证明offer letter。
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国外哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学毕业证录取书办理过程：
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2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
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BU毕业证学位证【微信95270640】办理BU毕业证【Q微信95270640】波士顿大学毕业证书原版↑制作波士顿大学学历认证文凭办理波士顿大学留信网认证,留学回国办理毕业证成绩单文凭学历认证【Q微信95270640】专业为海外学子办理毕业证成绩单、文凭制作，学历仿制，回国人员证明、做文凭，研究生、本科、硕士学历认证、留信认证、结业证、学位证书样本、美国教育部认证百分百真实存档可查】
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
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2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
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4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
专业服务请勿犹豫联系我！本公司是留学创业和海归创业者们的桥梁。一次办理终生受用一步到位高效服务。详情请在线咨询办理,欢迎有诚意办理的客户咨询!洽谈。
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哪里办理美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证双学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国中央华盛顿大学毕业证双学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
AHMED TALAAT ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO .pdf
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
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Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
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一比一原版(UW毕业证)西雅图华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
UW毕业证学历书【微信95270640】做UW文凭、办UW文凭、买UW文凭Q微信95270640买办国外文凭UW毕业证买学历咨询/代办美国毕业证成绩单文凭、办澳洲文凭毕业证、办加拿大大学毕业证文凭英国毕业证学历认证-毕业证文凭成绩单、假文凭假毕业证假学历书制作仿制、改成绩、教育部学历学位认证、毕业证、成绩单、文 凭、UW学历文凭、UW假学位证书、毕业证文凭、、文凭毕业证、毕业证认证、留服认证、使馆认证、使馆证明 、使馆留学回国人员证明、留学生认证、学历认证、文凭认证、学位认证
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办理西雅图华盛顿大学西雅图华盛顿大学毕业证假文凭流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
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Wings plan form shapes
- 1. WINGS PLAN FORM SHAPES PREAPARD BY: RAJ SEVAK (150410101046) SUBMITTED TO: MR. ANAND DARJI
- 2. FIVE COMMON WING PLAN FORM RECTANGULER WING ELIPTICAL WINGS TAPERED WINGS SWEPT WINGS DELTA WINGS
- 4. RECTANGULAR WING The simplest wing planform from a manufacturing point of view, the rectangular wing is a straight, untapered wing. A good example would be the light general aircraft like Piper PA 38. The main disadvantage of this wing is that it is aerodynamically inefficient.
- 5. RECTANGULAR WING (AIRCRAFT Piper PA 38)
- 6. The elliptical planform is the most efficient as elliptical spanwise lift distribution has the lowest possible induced drag (as given by thin airfoil theory). However, the most important disadvantage of the elliptical wing is that its manufacturability is poor. ELIPTICAL WINGS
- 7. The most famous aircraft with elliptical planform is the Supermarine Spitfire, used in Battle of Britan. Some aircraft like the Seversky P-35 had a semi elliptical wing, with only the leading or trailing edge elliptical.
- 8. TAPERED WINGS This is a modification of the rectangular wing where the chord is varied across the span to approximate the elliptical lift distribution. While not as efficient as the elliptical lift distribution, it offers a compromise between manufacturability and efficiency. A very good example of aircraft using this type of wing is the North American P-51 Mustang, which became the premier USAAF escort fighter against the Luftwaffe.
- 10. Constant Chord with Tapered Outer This is midway between the rectangular and the tapered wing, with the inner part having constant chord and the outer part having a taper. A very good example of this type of wing is the English Electric Canberra.
- 11. DELTA WINGS The delta is a very low aspect ratio wing used in supersonic aircraft, most notably in the European designs. The main advantages of the delta wing is that is efficient in all the flight regimes (subsonic, transonic and supersonic). Also, the wing offers a large wing area for the shape, reducing wing loading and improving maneuverability. The delta wing design is also very strong structurally, offering large volume for internal fuel. The delta wings are also quite simple to build and maintain. The main disadvantages are that they have high induced drag due to low aspect ratio and also that they should have high angle of attack at low speeds (takeoff and landing), mainly due to fact that at these speeds, lift is generated by vortices. To compensate for this, they have high stall angles.
- 12. Mirage 2000 tailless delta or without horizontal stabilizers Russian Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 horizontal stabilizer (tailed delta)
- 13. Tejas development in India Yet another variant of the delta wing (this planform is very popular in combat aircraft), is the so called double delta, where the leading edge angle is not constant, but has two different values.
- 14. The trapezoidal wing is a high performance configuration such that the leading edge sweeps back and the trailing edge sweeps forward. This is mostly found in combat aircraft from the US. This wing configuration is used most notably in the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. TAPERED WINGS
- 15. Martin F-22
- 16. OGIVE WINGS The Ogive is a type of supersonic wing used in high speed aircraft. This is a complex mathematical shape derived for minimizing drag, especially at supersonic speeds. They offer excellent supersonic performance, with minimal drag. However, they are extremely complex and manufacturing is difficult while their subsonic performance is poor in comparison.
- 18. The wing planforms can also be classified on their sweep and variability. 1. SWEPT WINGS a) SWEPT BACK WINGS b) SWEPT FORWORD WINGS 2. VARIBLE SWEEP WINGS
- 19. Swept Back wings The leading edges of these wings are swept back. This is done order to reduce drag in transonic speeds, which is determined by the velocity normal to the wing. all high speed commercial airliners
- 20. Swept Forward Wings One disadvantage of the swept back wings is that due to the flow characteristics, the ailerons stall before the flaps (i.e. outboard wings stall first), which can lead to controllability issues. In order to overcome this, swept forward wings were used in a few (experimental) aircraft. Sukoi Su-47 Berkut
- 21. Variable Sweep Wings For high speeds (transonic and supersonic), the swept wing is most suitable while for low speed (subsonic) flight, unswept wings are better. Variable sweep wings were used to optimize the wing planform over a wide range of speeds. The main problem with this type of wing is the mechanical complexity. The first aircraft to enter service with the variable sweep wing was the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvak.
- 22. Thank you..