UNIT-V FMM.HYDRAULIC TURBINE - Construction and working
MONOPLANE AND BIPLANE.pptx
1. MONOPLANE AND BIPLANE
AIRCRAFT
An aircraft is any machine
that can fly. Airplanes, hot
air balloons, helicopters, or
even flying platforms are
considered aircraft.
.
AIRPLANES
An airplane is a specific
type of aircraft that has
fixed wings and is heavier
than air that is capable of
sustained, powered, and
controlled flight.
2. What are lighter than air vehicles?
• There are two basic types of
lighter-than-air vehicles --
balloons and dirigibles.
• Balloons are either tethered
or drift with the wind, and the
pilot can only control altitude.
• Dirigibles, often called
airships, are powered, light-
than-air vehicles that can be
steered.
3. What are heavier than air vehicles?
• Heavier-than-air vehicles
generally achieve flight with
aerodynamic lift created by
airflow over a surface (usually a
wing).
• There were three basic types of
early heavier-than-air vehicles --
kites, gliders and airplanes.
• Kites are unpowered, tethered
craft.
• Gliders fly freely.
4. FIXED DYNES
• The wings are fixed and
hence called Fixed wing
Aircraft
Rotor Dynes
• The wings are rotary and
hence called Rotor Wing
Aircraft.
Dynes
• a unit of force that, acting
on a mass of one gram,
increases its velocity by
one centimeter per second
5. FIXED WING AIRCARFTS
Powered Aircrafts
• An aircraft engine, often
referred to as an aero
engine, is the power
component of an aircraft
propulsion system.
• Most aircraft engines are
either piston engines or gas
turbines
6. Unpowered Aircrafts
• They are a group of aerial
vehicles that can fly without
on board propulsion.
• They can be classified as
gliders ,balloons and kites
7. Fixed-wing aircraft
• A fixed-wing aircraft is a
heavier-than-air flying
machine, such as
an airplane, which is
capable
of flight using wings that
generate lift caused by the
aircraft's forward airspeed
A Boeing 737 airliner is an
example of a fixed-wing
aircraft
8. FIXED WING BASED ON SETS OF WING
• According to sets of wing , fixed aircrafts are
of three types,
• Monoplane
• Biplane
• Triplane
10. Characteristics
Support and weight
• The inherent efficiency of the monoplane is best
achieved in the cantilever wing, which carries all
structural forces internally.
• However, to fly at practical speeds the wing
must be made thin, which requires a heavy
structure to make it strong and stiff enough.
• External bracing (bracing comprises additional
structural members which stiffen the
functional airframe to give it rigidity and
strength under load) can be used to improve
structural efficiency, reducing weight and cost.
12. • However, the exposed struts or wires create
additional drag, lowering aerodynamic
efficiency and reducing the maximum speed.
• High-speed and long-range designs tend to be
pure cantilevers, while low-speed short-range
types are often given bracing.
13. BIPLANE
• A biplane is a fixed wing
aircraft with two main
wings stacked one above
other
14. TRIPLANE
• A triplane is a fixed wing
aircraft equipped with three
vertical stacked wing
surfaces
15. Types of Fixed Wing aircrafts based
on position of wing
• According to the position wing fixed wing
aircrafts are of three types.
• Low Wing aircrafts
• Mid Wing aircrafts
• High Wing aircrafts
16. Low Wing aircrafts
• This category is for aircrafts
with the wings mounted at
the bottom or below the
fuselage.
• Dihedral wing at the lower
position gives the aircraft
more stability.
