The Windows Logging Cheat Sheet is the definitive guide on learning where to start with Windows Logging. How to Enable, Configure, Gather and Harvest events so you can catch a hacker in the act.
Security Incident Log Review Checklist by Dr Anton Chuvakin and Lenny ZeltserAnton Chuvakin
The log cheat sheet presents a checklist for reviewing critical system, network and security logs when responding to a security incident. It can also be used for routine periodic log review. It was authored by Dr. Anton Chuvakin and Lenny Zeltser.
The Windows Logging Cheat Sheet is the definitive guide on learning where to start with Windows Logging. How to Enable, Configure, Gather and Harvest events so you can catch a hacker in the act.
Security Incident Log Review Checklist by Dr Anton Chuvakin and Lenny ZeltserAnton Chuvakin
The log cheat sheet presents a checklist for reviewing critical system, network and security logs when responding to a security incident. It can also be used for routine periodic log review. It was authored by Dr. Anton Chuvakin and Lenny Zeltser.
A look at the types malicious artifacts from Advanced and Commodity attacks, what unique artifacts to look for and how logging caught them for a Windows environment and how LOG-MD can help.
MalwareArchaeology.com
LOG-MD.com
Oran Brill, Microsoft
Tomer Teller, Microsoft
How often did you find yourself analyzing a security alert only to find out you had already hunted similar alerts in the past? This Déjà vu happens quite often to cybersecurity analysts who work in a SOC. What if we told you that most security alerts can be assigned with a confidence score automatically, letting you, the analyst, focus on the most serious alerts? In this talk, we will present tools and techniques to automate human cybersecurity analyst by leveraging knowledge of past incidents, current security posture and a dash of crowdsourcing. Under the hood, we generate a ”tailor-made” hunting graph based on diverse data sources and security know-how which enables us to extract meaningful insights. By applying custom logic, aggregations and data science we will illustrate how to uncover patterns within the insights and assign a confidence score with appropriate reasoning to the alert, automatically.
Logging tracing and metrics in .NET Core and Azure - dotnetdays 2020Alex Thissen
Conference: dotnetdays 2020
Location: Iaşi, Romania
Abstract: Ever had production problems and found that you cannot debug to find the problem? Or that you need to find out where potential issues are coming from in your Azure cloud solution and you have no idea what is happening?
Your applications need to be instrumented with logging, tracing and metrics, so you can see what is going on where. In .NET Core logging and tracing are built into the framework. We will have a look at the differences between logging, tracing and instrumentation in general.
You will learn how to use .NET Core to implement logging and tracing with best practices, do semantic logging, work with logging factories, trace providers. Also, you will learn how to instrument using Application Insights and add W3C compliant tracing for correlation across cloud resources in a distributed application.
Finally, we will put everything together to see how your logs and traces can give a rich way to get insights into your applications and services running in the Azure cloud or container based solutions.
The maintenance cost of wind farms is one of the major factors influencing the prof- itability of wind projects. During preventive maintenance, the shutdown of wind turbines results in downtime wind energy losses. Appropriate determination of when to perform maintenance and which turbine(s) to maintain can reduce the overall downtime losses sig- nificantly. This paper uses a wind farm power generation model to evaluate downtime energy losses during preventive maintenance for a given group of wind turbines in the en- tire array. Wakes effects are taken into account to accurately estimate energy production over a specified time period. In addition to wind condition, the influence of wake effects is a critical factor in determining the selection of turbine(s) under maintenance. To min- imize the overall downtime loss of an offshore wind farm due to preventive maintenance, an optimal scheduling problem is formulated that selects the maintenance time of each turbine. Weather conditions are imposed as constraints to ensure the safety of mainte- nance personnel, transportation, and tooling infrastructure. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal scheduling problem. The maintenance scheduling is optimized for a utility-scale offshore wind farm with 25 turbines. The optimized schedule not only reduces the overall downtime loss by selecting the maintenance dates when wind speed is low, but also considers the wake effects among turbines. Under given wind direction, the turbines under maintenance are usually the ones that can generate strong wake effects on others during certain wind conditions, or the ones that generate relatively less power being under excessive wake effects.
A look at the types malicious artifacts from Advanced and Commodity attacks, what unique artifacts to look for and how logging caught them for a Windows environment and how LOG-MD can help.
MalwareArchaeology.com
LOG-MD.com
Oran Brill, Microsoft
Tomer Teller, Microsoft
How often did you find yourself analyzing a security alert only to find out you had already hunted similar alerts in the past? This Déjà vu happens quite often to cybersecurity analysts who work in a SOC. What if we told you that most security alerts can be assigned with a confidence score automatically, letting you, the analyst, focus on the most serious alerts? In this talk, we will present tools and techniques to automate human cybersecurity analyst by leveraging knowledge of past incidents, current security posture and a dash of crowdsourcing. Under the hood, we generate a ”tailor-made” hunting graph based on diverse data sources and security know-how which enables us to extract meaningful insights. By applying custom logic, aggregations and data science we will illustrate how to uncover patterns within the insights and assign a confidence score with appropriate reasoning to the alert, automatically.
Logging tracing and metrics in .NET Core and Azure - dotnetdays 2020Alex Thissen
Conference: dotnetdays 2020
Location: Iaşi, Romania
Abstract: Ever had production problems and found that you cannot debug to find the problem? Or that you need to find out where potential issues are coming from in your Azure cloud solution and you have no idea what is happening?
Your applications need to be instrumented with logging, tracing and metrics, so you can see what is going on where. In .NET Core logging and tracing are built into the framework. We will have a look at the differences between logging, tracing and instrumentation in general.
You will learn how to use .NET Core to implement logging and tracing with best practices, do semantic logging, work with logging factories, trace providers. Also, you will learn how to instrument using Application Insights and add W3C compliant tracing for correlation across cloud resources in a distributed application.
Finally, we will put everything together to see how your logs and traces can give a rich way to get insights into your applications and services running in the Azure cloud or container based solutions.
The maintenance cost of wind farms is one of the major factors influencing the prof- itability of wind projects. During preventive maintenance, the shutdown of wind turbines results in downtime wind energy losses. Appropriate determination of when to perform maintenance and which turbine(s) to maintain can reduce the overall downtime losses sig- nificantly. This paper uses a wind farm power generation model to evaluate downtime energy losses during preventive maintenance for a given group of wind turbines in the en- tire array. Wakes effects are taken into account to accurately estimate energy production over a specified time period. In addition to wind condition, the influence of wake effects is a critical factor in determining the selection of turbine(s) under maintenance. To min- imize the overall downtime loss of an offshore wind farm due to preventive maintenance, an optimal scheduling problem is formulated that selects the maintenance time of each turbine. Weather conditions are imposed as constraints to ensure the safety of mainte- nance personnel, transportation, and tooling infrastructure. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal scheduling problem. The maintenance scheduling is optimized for a utility-scale offshore wind farm with 25 turbines. The optimized schedule not only reduces the overall downtime loss by selecting the maintenance dates when wind speed is low, but also considers the wake effects among turbines. Under given wind direction, the turbines under maintenance are usually the ones that can generate strong wake effects on others during certain wind conditions, or the ones that generate relatively less power being under excessive wake effects.
Nach 40 Jahren kommt die Serialisierung - EurimPharmTorben Haagh
Ein deutsches Pharmaunternehmen, mit importierten Arzneimittel aus europäischen Ländern, setzt sehr auf Sicherheit. Mit dieser Gewährleistung ist deren Serialisierungsprojekt ein gutes Vorzeigemodell. Ich denke an ein bestimmtes Unternehmen, EurimPharm, Hersteller für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte mit einem jährlichen Absatz von 6 Millionen Packungen in Deutschland. Finden Sie heraus, was dieses Unternehmen mit ihrem Projekt gelernt hat, damit Sie daraus Nutzen für Ihr eigenes internes Serialiserungsprojekt ziehen könnten.
Laden Sie diese Präsentation hier kostenlos herunter: http://bit.ly/presentation_Eurimpharm
How can publishers do more for their customers? This summary from the 2015 Future book Forum captures the key learnings and activities from the event looking to answer that question. Four opportunities for publishers and printers emerged to help turning declining industry into a booming one.
Splunk is a powerful platform that can harness your machine data and turn it into valuable information thereby enabling your business to make informed decisions, taking your organization from reactive to proactive. Just like any other platform, Splunk is only as powerful as the data it has access to, therefore in this session we will be conducting a walk thru of how to successfully on-board data, with samples of data ranging from simple to complex. We will also be taking a look at how to use common TA’s to bring valuable data into Splunk. This session is designed to give you a better understanding of how to onboard data into Splunk enabling you to unlock the power of your data.
Lab Deliverable for Lab nYour NameDateTitle Creating, Using, Remo.docxDIPESH30
Lab Deliverable for Lab nYour NameDate
Title: Creating, Using, Removing System Restore Points for Windows 8.1Operating Environment:
1. Operating System: Windows 8.1 Pro
2. Hardware
3. SoftwareDescription:
Notes, Warnings, & Restrictions:Resources (Further Reading):Procedures:
[First Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
[Second Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
[Last Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
Title:Operating Environment:
1. Hardware
2. SoftwareDescription:
Notes, Warnings, & Restrictions:Resources (Further Reading):Procedures:
[First Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
[Second Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
[Last Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
Title:Operating Environment:
1. Hardware
2. SoftwareDescription:
Notes, Warnings, & Restrictions:Resources (Further Reading):Procedures:
[First Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
[Step-by-Step]
[Second Section Heading & Brief Intro / Explanation]
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· Week 4 Discussion
· Discussion response - your response to the discussion question should be between 150 - 300 words.
· Must provide a minimum of at least one (1) reference in your discussion.
Discussion Topic
Updated
Discuss ONE of the following: (Try not replicate other’s answers)
e) What is an installment loan?
Make sure you are properly citing your source(s) and providing your reference(s) for information you obtain from another source.
· Week 4 Lecture (embedded below)
· Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). TITLE 42 Chapter IV Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Subchapter G. Standards and Certification.
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title42/42cfr483_main_02.tpl
· NCSL. (2009). Certificate of Need Programs by State and Service. The National Conference of State Legislatures, Denver CO.
· http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/health/con-certificate-of-need-state-laws.aspx#Regulated
· Healthcare accreditation systems: further perspectives on performance measures http://intqhc.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/6/645.full
· Week 4 Discussion
Discussion Topic
Updated
Please address all three questions:
Article 1.....Regulations for Long Term Care Facilities.
A. Identify by name and location and research a Long Term Care Facility that had a regulatory deficiency.
-What was the deficiency?
-How was the deficiency addressed by the facility?
-Were there any penalties involved?
Article 2, CON
A. From the map choose a state that has CON regulations.
B. From that state, identify a hospital/ health system that had project review by CON.
C. Describe the project and the outcome of the CON process.
Article 3, Accreditation,
A. Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)....define their m ...
841- Advanced Computer Forensics
Unix Forensics Lab
Due Date: Please submit your answers to the Linux Lab dropbox by midnight of July 2nd 2013.
******************************************************************************
To challenge yourself, you may work on the advanced Unix forensics lab analyzing the Lewis USB image and writing a report about this case. See the file UNIXForensicslab-usb for details.
******************************************************************************
Objective
This lab will use Autopsy, PTK, Sleuthkit and foremost to analyze a given image. Read the entire document before starting to be sure you have all the necessary tools and files required to complete the lab. You should further explore the tools used in this lab to ensure your familiarity with alternative investigation options.
Deliverable
Answer all the exercise questions and include screenshots as supporting data if necessary.
OPTIONS:
You can work on this lab by
1. using a bootable live CD, for example, backtrack 5
2. using the RLES vCloud.
3. using SANS Investigate Forensic Toolkit (SIFT) Workstation, http://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/downloads.
4. installing the software on your own system (check the appendix for more installation details).
If you choose to use the RLES vCloud, please continue.
Lab Setup for using RLES vCloud
This lab is designed to function on the RLES vCloud via https://rlesvcloud.rit.edu/cloud/org/NAT. Please FIRST read the RLES VCLOUD user guide in myCourses > Content > Hands-on Labs.
Special Browser Setting Requirement (See RLES VCLOUD user guide)
In order to view the console of virtual machines, the VMRC plugin must be installed within the browser. The first time the console is accessed, the plugin can be downloaded. In Internet Explorer, https://rlesvlcoud.rit.edu must be added to the Local intranet zone.
(Go to Tools -> Internet Options -> Security tab -> Local intranet, click the Sites button, click Advanced and add the URL.)
The interface is available by navigating to https://rlesvcloud.rit.edu/cloud/org/NAT. (Yes, we know the certificate wasn’t issued by a commonly trusted certificate authority. Also check the user guide for your browser compatibility).
Use your RIT Computer Account credentials to gain access to the rlesvcloud interface.
To start, you will first create your vApp by following the instructions of Add a vApp Template to My Cloud in the RLES VCLOUND user guide. Make sure to follow the vApp name convention defined in the RLES VCLOUND user guide and select the vApp template, 841_Linux_Forensics, from the Public Catalogs. No network/IP address is needed for this lab.
Double click on the virtual machine to power it on, now you should have a Linux forensics machine with all the forensics’ tools to provide you with a highly interesting experience in forensics investigation. Login to the virtual machine with
Username: root
Password: netsys
Exercise 1:Using Autopsy and Sleuthkit
Require.
A presentation which you can portray to your customer. It is very difficult to put forward the Value Proposition of Windows Vista and other OS to an investor. They require very specific points.
In order to clean Mac for improving its speed and smooth working. It also resolve the issues of hard disk crash and low disk space notifications.
http://www.cleanmac.net/
An important issue is how important security is, and how much are we willing to pay it financial, convenience, performance and other terms.
IS YOUR DESKTOP SECURE ? ? ?
HOW TO SECURE OWN DESKTOP ? ? ?
Assessment item 1 File Systems and Advanced Scripting .docxdavezstarr61655
Assessment item 1
File Systems and Advanced Scripting
Value: 15%
Due Date: 26-Aug-2018
Return Date: 31-Aug-2018
Length: 15 - 20 pages including screenshots
Submission method options: Alternative submission method
Task
back to top
In this assignment you will develop simple scripts to manage the user and file system whilst
developing some expertise in managing a complex file system.
Part 1: Automated Account Management (4 marks)
You have been asked by your boss to prepare two shell scripts which manage user information.
You are to prepare a simple shell script which reads a text file called users.txt. The file is in the
form
dfs /home/dfs Daniel Saffioti
and creates these users on the system without any interactive input. To do this you will need to
use the adduser(1) and passwd(1) commands. You will need to randomly produce the password
and report this to the administrator.
You can assume the fields being username, home directory and GCOS string are separate by a
single white space.
You can assume all users are in the same group.
The program should output the username and generated password once created.
Part 2: Design of a File System (3 marks)
https://outlines.csu.edu.au/delivery/published/ITC333/201860/SM/I/outline.html#contentPanel
You work for the Information Technology Department in your University and you have been
asked to build a server to store user data (home directories).
The volumes can grow without bounds, so it was felt that the ZFS file system should be used for
each volume. The operating system itself need not be on a ZFS volume.
All volumes including the operating system should be engineered in such a way to ensure the
best data protection is afforded in the event of local disk failure. It is expected that no more than
1 hours worth of data will be lost.
The volumes required are as follows:
1. uni0 with mount point /users/ug& quota of 200G.
2. uni1 with mount point /users/pg& quota of 200G.
3. uni2 with mount point /users/deleted& reservation of 100G.
4. uni3 with mount point /users/staff& reservation of 100G.
5. uni4 with mount point /users/guest & reservation of 250G.
Given the above your task is as follows define a strategy for how you will ensure the volumes
outlined above are provisioned whilst ensuring there data protection. Document this accordingly
along with a suitable rationale for your design.
Part 3: Implementing the Filesystem (4 marks)
Given the strategy defined in part two, your job is to implement the storage system.
1. To do this install the latest version of Ubuntu Server on a virtual machine. You will need to
ensure the networking is bridged and the root portioning is managed appropriately. You will
need to add additional virtual disks to meet the storage needs above.
2. Install the ZFS package and configure it such that pools of storage are created to meet the above
requirements including redundan.
All These Sophisticated Attacks, Can We Really Detect Them - PDFMichael Gough
Can we really detect advanced attacks? This session walks through 4 published attacks to point out what we can learn and detect using malware management, some cheat sheets and Security 101. LOG-MD, FILE-MD, Malware Archaeology
Incident Response Fails – What we see with our clients, and their fails. As Incident Responders, what do we see as Incident Responders that you can do to be better prepared, reduce your incident costs, get answers faster and reduce the cost of an IR Firm if needed.
HackerHurricane
Malware Archaeology
MalwareArchaeology
LOG-MD
When your security tools fail you, and what you can do about it. This discusses actual tool fail backgrounds, what failed and what you can do to detect and/or mitigate the issues(s) another way
HackerHurricane
MalwareArchaeology
Malware Archaeology
LOG-MD
Windows IR made easier and faster Find the head of the snake using Logs, AutoRuns, Large Registry Keys, Locked Files, IP/WhoIs and Netflow
Malware Archaeology
LOG-MD
BSidesNOLA
LOG-MD
Malware Archaeology
MalwareArchaeology.com
Email is the #1 way we get pwned, so how do they keep getting by our defenses and what can we do about it
Malware Archaeology
LOG-MD
Are Malware Sandboxes as good as manual malware analysis?
A look at some samples sent through automated malware sandboxes vs. manaul analysis
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Windows File Auditing Cheat Sheet ver Oct 2016 - MalwareArchaeology
1. Oct 2016 ver 1.2 MalwareArchaeology.com Page 1 of 6
WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
RESOURCES: Places to get more information
1. MalwareArchaeology.com/cheat-sheets - More Windows cheat sheets and scripts to assist in your audit settings.
2. Log-MD.com – The Log Malicious Discovery tool reads security related log events and settings. Use Log-MD to audit your
log settings compared to the “Windows Logging Cheat Sheet” and Center for Internet Security (CIS) to help with
configuring your audit policy and refine file and registry auditing. List Event ID 4663 to see what files and folders might be
noise and can be removed from your audit policy.
3. technet.microsoft.com – Information on Windows auditing
4. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742512.aspx - Using Security Templates to set audit policies
5. Google! – But of course.
WHY AUDIT FILES AND FOLDERS:
Files are often added or changed by hackers and malware. By auditing key file and folder locations, any additions or changes
made by an attacker can be captured in the logs, harvested by a log management solution and potentially alerted on or
gathered during an investigation.
Building a base configuration for file and folder auditing provides you a great starting point to build upon. As you mature
your logging program, you can build upon and develop it as you find new locations that are important to monitor. We
recommend as a part of any Information Security program that you implement and practice “Malware Management”. You
can read more on what “Malware Management” is and how to begin doing in here:
www.MalwareManagement.com
The basic idea of Malware Management is, as you find file and folder locations reported in an incident response firm’s
malware analysis, virus/malware reports and your own incidents and investigations, you can expand on the base auditing
listed in this cheat sheet and make it more mature and applicable to your specific needs or requirements.
This “Windows File Auditing Cheat Sheet” is intended to help you get started with
basic and necessary File and Folder Auditing. This cheat sheet includes some very
common items that should have auditing enabled, configured, gathered and
harvested for any Log Management, Information Security program or other security
log gathering solution. Start with these settings and add to the list as you
understand better what is in your logs and what you need to monitor and alert on.
2. Oct 2016 ver 1.2 MalwareArchaeology.com Page 2 of 6
WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
ENABLE AND CONFIGURE::
1. FILE AUDITING: In order to collect file and folder auditing events (Event ID 4663) you must first apply the settings
found in the “Windows Logging Cheat Sheet”. These settings will allow a Windows based system to collect any events
on files and folders that have auditing enabled.
CONFIGURE:
1. LOCAL LOG SIZE: Increase the maximum size of your local Security log. Proper auditing will increase log data beyond
the default settings, your goal should be to keep local security logs for around 7 days.
Security log set to 1GB (1,000,000KB) or larger (yes this is huge compared to defaults)
INFORMATION:
1. EVENT ID: There is only one Event ID that will appear in the Security log when file and folder auditing is enabled, 4663.
4663 - An attempt was made to access an object. This is the only Event ID that will record the details of the
folder(s) and file(s) created as well as the process name that performed the actions.
REFINING AUDITING:
When using file and folder auditing, refinement will be needed in order to collect only the entries having actual security
value. Enabling folders that have a high rate of changes will fill up your logs causing them to rotate faster than you might
want to retain them and miss files you might actually want to catch. In addition, logging more than you need when using a
log management solution will have a potential impact to licensing and storage requirements. It is important to test and
refine file and folder auditing before applying it across your organization. Use Log-MD to assist you in refining your file and
folder audit policy which can be found here:
Log-MD.com
If you are examining malware in a lab for example, or doing an incident response investigation, over auditing may be
perfectly acceptable. Use the built-in Windows wevtutil.exe utility, PowerShell (get-eventlog), a security log tool like Log-
MD or your log management solution to review what is being captured and remove files and folders that are excessively
noisy and do not have significant security importance.
When setting auditing of files and folders there are some decisions on what to monitor. Using Explorer to select the folder
and set the auditing manually, you can see what options there are as seen from the image below. The goal of this cheat
sheet is to get you started using file and folder auditing on well-known folders and to enable just enough to provide
security value, but not too much as to create a lot of useless noise. What follows is our recommendation to get started
which you may tweak and improve as you need. The main goal is to look for things that are newly added by hackers and/or
malware. Monitoring for all changes is rather noisy and excess noise could cause you to miss a simple file creation.
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WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
CONFIGURE:
Select a Folder or file you want to audit and monitor.
Right-Click the Folder, select Permissions – Advanced –
Auditing – Add – EVERYONE – (check names), OK.
1. Apply onto – “THIS FOLDER and FILES” or “THIS
FOLDER, SUBFOLDERS and FILES” (or what you
want/need).
2. Select ‘Create files / write data’, ‘Create folders /
append data’, ‘Write extended attributes’, ‘Delete’,
‘Change permissions’ & ‘Take ownership’ to audit.
3. Be careful, setting auditing to ‘This folder, subfolders
and files’ as this can generate a lot of data and thus
noise.
CONFIGURE:
These are the only items that are recommended be set to
optimize what is needed security wise and keep noise to a
minimum. You may expand on these settings as necessary for
your environment, but these settings are a good place to
start.
User:
EVERYONE
Applies to:
“This folder, subfolders and files” – Audit all items in
this folder and all subfolders
OR
“This folder and files” - Audit only the files in this
folder and NOT the subfolders
Access: Only select these items to keep down on the noise
Create files / write data – File created
Create folders / append data – Folder created
Write extended attributes – Metadata that can be
placed in a file
Delete – File is deleted
Change permissions – permissions of a file change
Take ownership – ownership changed
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WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
CONFIGURE: Recommend Folder and Files to enable auditing on
1. FOLDERS TO AUDIT:
THIS FOLDER AND FILES ONLY: Do NOT audit subfolders on these directories
C:Program Files
C:Program FilesInternet Explorer
C:Program FilesCommon Files
C:Program Files (x86)
C:Program Files (x86) Common Files
C:ProgramData
C:Windows
C:WindowsSystem32
C:WindowsSystem32Drivers
C:WindowsSystem32Driversetc
C:WindowsSystem32Sysprep
C:WindowsSystem32wbem
C:WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
C:WindowsWeb
C:WindowsSysWOW64
C:WindowsSysWOW64Drivers
C:WindowsSysWOW64wbem
C:WindowsSysWOW64WindowsPowerShellv1.0
THIS FOLDER, SUBFOLDERS AND FILES:
C:Boot
C:Perflogs
Any Anti-Virus folder(s) used for quarantine, etc.
C:UsersAll UsersMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartup
C:UsersPublic
C:Users*AppDataLocal
C:Users*AppDataLocalTemp
C:Users*AppDataLocalLow
C:Users*AppDataRoaming
C:WindowsScripts
C:WindowsSystem
C:WindowsSystem32GroupPolicyMachineScriptsStartup Consider Scripts if no other dirs
C:WindowsSystem32GroupPolicyMachineScriptsShutdown
C:WindowsSystem32GroupPolicyUserScriptsLogon Consider Scripts if no other dirs
C:WindowsSystem32GroupPolicyUserScriptsLogoff
C:WindowsSystem32Repl Servers only
C:WindowsSystem32Tasks
C:Windowssystem32configsystemprofileAppData
C:WindowssysWOW64sysprep
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WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
CONFIGURE::
EXCLUDE NOISY ITEMS: These folders will create events that do not provide much value. After setting auditing on the
parent folder, remove auditing from these folders and any other files and folders you find overly noisy with little security
benefit.
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftRACTemp
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftRACPublishedDataRacWmiDatabase.sdf
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftRACStateDataRacDatabase.sdf
C:ProgramData<Anti-Virus>Common Framework Insert your AV folder(s)
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftSearchDataApplicationsWindowsMSS.chk
C:ProgramDataMicrosoftSearchDataApplicationsWindowsMSS.log
C:Users*AppDataLocalGDIPFONTCACHEV1.DAT
C:Users*AppDataLocalGoogleChromeUser Data
C:Users*AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsExplorerthumbcache_*
C:Users*AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5
C:Users*AppDataLocalMicrosoftOffice
C:Users*AppDataLocalMicrosoftOutlook
C:Users*AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsPowerShellCommandAnalysis
C:Users*AppDataLocalMozillaFirefoxProfiles
C:Users*AppDataLocalLowMicrosoftCryptnetUrlCache
C:Users*AppDataRoamingMicrosoftExcel
C:WindowsSysWOW64configsystemprofileAppDataLocalLowMicrosoftCryptnetUrlCache
Any other normal applications that you have installed that produce a lot of log entries without significant security
value.
OPTIONS TO SET FILE AUDITING:
There are four ways to set file and folder auditing on each folder:
1. Create a security template that is applied using Group Policy and/or secedit. This is the most effective way of doing it for
a large amount of systems.
a. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742512.aspx
2. Set with a PowerShell script. Though this method does not work on certain directories owned by TrustedInstaller and
changing the ownership is not recommended
3. Set with a SetACL.exe, a utility by www.helgeklein.com
4. Set manually via Explorer. This does not scale as each system must be set manually, but may be fine for a malware lab or
investigation of a single or a few systems.
PREFETCH FOLDER AUDITING:
Auditing the Windows Prefetch or Superfetch folder is a good forensic addition since it will not generate very much log
data. In Win 7 and later with systems with an SSD, it is disabled. Enabling on Servers is an option. Enable the “Superfetch”
service on Workstations to Automatic and Start and enable the “EnableSuperfetch” key is set to “3”.
HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerMemory ManagementPrefetchParameters
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WINDOWS FILE AUDITING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later
USING SECURITY TEMPLATES TO SET AND REMOVE FILE AUDITING:
The following is how to create a Security template using the Microsoft Management Console (MMC). To create a custom
security template using the MMC snap-in:
1. Open the MMC console, choose Start, and then choose Run
2. Type “mmc” in the Open box, and then choose OK
3. From the File menu, choose Add/Remove Snap-in
4. Select Add/Remove Snap-in dialog box, choose Add
5. Select the list of available snap-ins, select Security Templates, choose Add, choose Close, and then choose OK
6. In the MMC main window, under the Console Root node, expand the Security Templates node, right-click the root
templates folder, and then choose New Template
7. Type a name and description for the template, and then choose OK
8. Choosing OK saves your template as an .inf file in:
C:Users<username>DocumentsSecurityTemplates
Or you may save them anywhere you would like
9. Add each folder and/or file you want to audit with the appropriate audit settings listed above
CHECK THE AUDITING OF A FOLDER OR FILE:
1. To check what the file auditing for a given folder or file is set to, use the following PowerShell script:
Check_Auditing_Settings_File_Folder.ps1 – Check the auditing set on a specific folder or file
Available at www.Malwarearchaeology.com/logging