Beacons are one of the hottest topics of mobile development right now. Bluetooth Smart / LE is indispensable for Wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT). NFC is now finally arriving in the mass market. With Windows 10, Microsoft has significantly expanded the possibilities for proximity technologies. In this overview, you will learn about the new scenarios and see several concrete examples of what is possible and how you can leverage it for your own projects! Agenda: NFC - NFC simulation - Smart Cards - Raw NFC tag access - Host card emulation (HCE) Bluetooth Smart - Bluetooth Beacon support - Beacon specifications (iBeacon, Eddystone & co)

1. Which new scenarios are enabled by
Windows 10 for NFC, Bluetooth LE & Beacons?
Andreas Jakl
@andijakl
andreas.jakl@tieto.com
1.10.2015, v1.1.0

2. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Andreas Jakl
• Mobility Evangelist, Tieto
• @andijakl
• andreas.jakl@tieto.com
• mobility.builders Community
• Mobile Developer After-Work Events in Vienna
• History
• Mopius: Startup-Founder (NFC & Mobile Apps)
• Nokia, Finland: Technology Wizard
• FH Hagenberg: Assistant Professor Mobile Computing
• Siemens / BenQ Mobile, Germany: Augmented Reality-Apps
2

3. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Overview
• NFC
• New: NFC simulation
• Smart Cards
• New: raw tag access
• New: host card emulation
• Bluetooth Smart
• New: Bluetooth Beacon support
• Beacon specifications (iBeacon, Eddystone & co)
3

4. Near Field Communication
Open NFC with NDEF
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5. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NFC?
5
< 1 cm
(tap)

6. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NFC?
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< 424 kbit / s

7. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NFC?
7

8. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NFC Tags
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Tag memory size:
48 byte – few kB

9. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NFC & NDEF Overview
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NDEF Message
NDEF Record
(e.g., URL)
…
NDEF = NFC Data Exchange Format

10. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NDEF
• NDEF
• Data container for structured data
• Does not define “how”
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Smart Poster MIME
Hand-
over
Custom Empty
Uri
Text Image vCard
Web Sms Tel
Record types
Possible payloads

11. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Open Source NDEF Library
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Reusable
NDEF
classes
Create NDEF
messages & records
(standard compliant)
Parse information
from raw byte arrays
Fully documented
Open Source LGPL license
andijakl.github.io/ndef-nfc
library development
supported by:

12. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
NDEF Subscriptions
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_device = ProximityDevice.GetDefault();
1 Activate proximity device
API documentation: bit.ly/ProximityAPI
_subscribedMessageId = _device.SubscribeForMessage("NDEF",
MessageReceivedHandler);
2 Subscribe to all NDEF formatted tags

13. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Parse Contents
13
private void MessageReceivedHandler(ProximityDevice sender, ProximityMessage message)
{
var msgArray = message.Data.ToArray();
NdefMessage ndefMessage = NdefMessage.FromByteArray(msgArray);
foreach (NdefRecord record in ndefMessage)
{
// Check the type of each record
if (record.CheckSpecializedType(false) == typeof(NdefUriRecord))
{
// Convert and extract URI info
var uriRecord = new NdefUriRecord(record);
Debug.WriteLine("URI: " + uriRecord.Uri);
}
}}
3 Parse NDEF message

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Emulator: NFC
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https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/apps/mt162269.aspx
New in Windows 10 Mobile

15. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Limitations with Proximity API
• Open tags only
• Write protection possible
• Readable by everyone
• No encryption or access via keys
• Use cases
• Tags with URLs on products (like QR codes)
• Bluetooth pairing
• Accessories: speakers, headsets
• Connection handover: share images or business cards between phones
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16. Smart Cards
Low Level NFC Interaction
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17. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Smart Cards
• Interface
• Contact
(chip)
• Contactless
(eg NFC compatible)
17 Image credits: Maestro paypass

18. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Smart Card Content
• Can be very powerful
• Microprocessor
• Non-volatile memory and cryptography
• Programmable apps (e.g. Java Card)
• Use cases
• Credit card
• Public transport cards
• Key card for doors
• …
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19. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Windows Phone Support
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Lumia 830 Lumia 730 Lumia 640 Lumia 640 XL
… + upcoming
Lumias with
NFC
&
NXP PN547
NFC chip

20. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Initialize NFC Smart Card Reading
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if (!Windows.Foundation.Metadata.ApiInformation.IsTypePresent(
"Windows.Devices.SmartCards.SmartCardConnection")) {
// This SKU of Windows does not support NFC card reading
return;
}
1 Check for API support
var devSelector = SmartCardReader.GetDeviceSelector(SmartCardReaderKind.Nfc);
var devices = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(devSelector);
_smartCardReader =
await SmartCardReader.FromIdAsync(devices.FirstOrDefault().Id);
_smartCardReader.CardAdded += SmartCardReaderOnCardAdded;
2 Find device & subscribe

21. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Smart Card Communication
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private async void SmartCardReaderOnCardAdded(SmartCardReader sender,
CardAddedEventArgs args) {
// Get Answer to Reset (ATR) according to ISO 7816
// ATR = info about smart card's characteristics, behaviors, and state
var info = await args.SmartCard.GetAnswerToResetAsync();
var infoArray = info.ToArray();
Debug.WriteLine("Answer to Reset: " + BitConverter.ToString(infoArray));
// Connect to the card
// var connection = await args.SmartCard.ConnectAsync();
// ...
}
3 Check Type & Connect

22. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Smart Card Communication: APDU
• Application Protocol Data Unit
• Communication protocol
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Response APDU
Status code Response data
Command APDU
Header
(Instruction code)
Parameter data

23. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Smart Card Commands
• Microsoft PC/SC Library *
• Now included in Windows 10 NFC Sample
https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-universal-
samples/tree/master/Samples/Nfc
• Detects Smart Card type
• Contains some common commands
• E.g., Mifare Authentication
23 * Standalone library for Windows Phone 8.1: https://nfcsmartcardreader.codeplex.com/

24. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
New: Transparent Exchange
• Send custom commands
• Manufacturer specific
• Commands outside of standards
• Custom cards
• => Raw tag access
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Mifare Ultralight C Write Command
25
var writeContents = new byte[] { 0xA2, 0x08, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D };
await mifareULAccess.TransparentExchangeAsync(writeContents);
Write command according
to Mifare specification
Page address
4 bytes of memory to write
… added to Microsoft NFC sample:

26. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Mifare Ultralight C Write Command
26
var writeContents = new byte[] { 0xA2, 0x08, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D };
await mifareULAccess.TransparentExchangeAsync(writeContents);
Write command according
to Mifare specification
Page address
4 bytes of memory to write
… added to Microsoft NFC sample:

27. Host Card Emulation
Virtual Smart Cards with Apps
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28. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Host Card Emulation
• Simulate Smart Card with app
• Previously (< Win 10): SIM-card as smart card
• Win 10: adds app support: directly communicate with NFC reader
• Register for specific applet ID
• Auto-launches app through background task
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Thank you!
$15.61 left

29. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Payment vs Loyalty
• Single default payment app • Multiple loyalty / coupons /
transit apps (“other”)
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“Select AID”
APDU command
Yomova Countertop Terminal – Image by CardComplete
https://www.cardcomplete.com/akzeptanzpartner/terminals/standgeraete/complete-terminal-yomova-countertop/

30. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
HCE Support
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if (Windows.Foundation.Metadata.ApiInformation.IsTypePresent(
"Windows.Devices.SmartCards.SmartCardEmulator")) // ... Supported!
1 Check for API support
var sce = await SmartCardEmulator.GetDefaultAsync();
if (sce != null) // ... Supported!
2 Check for generic card emulation support
if (sce.IsHostCardEmulationSupported()) // ... Supported!
3 Check for HCE Support

31. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
HCE Setup
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var appletIds = new List<IBuffer> { Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("MyAppletId").AsBuffer()};
var aidGroup = new SmartCardAppletIdGroup("My Loyalty Card", appletIds,
SmartCardEmulationCategory.Other, SmartCardEmulationType.Host);
var reg = await SmartCardEmulator.RegisterAppletIdGroupAsync(aidGroup);
var res = await reg.RequestActivationPolicyChangeAsync(policy);
Setup1
var taskBuilder = new BackgroundTaskBuilder
{
Name = bgTaskName,
TaskEntryPoint = taskEntryPoint
};
taskBuilder.SetTrigger(
new SmartCardTrigger(SmartCardTriggerType.EmulatorHostApplicationActivated);
bgTask = taskBuilder.Register();
Register Background Task2
Background task
SmartCardTrigger

32. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Background task
SmartCardTrigger
HCE Implementation
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Process request
Launch app for
confirmation or
user interaction
Optional
… Is your app already running in the foreground?
Can get events as well – also for payments if it’s not the default app.
TryRespondAsync
APDU
TypedEvent
SmartCardEmulatorApduReceivedEventArgs

33. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Emulator: HCE
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Supports scripting APDU
communication with app

34. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Details & Sample
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Microsoft NFC Team Blog
http://bit.ly/nfc-hce

35. Bluetooth & Beacons
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36. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Bluetooth Smart
• Bluetooth Low Energy =
• Bluetooth LE =
• Bluetooth Smart
• Part of standard since 4.0
• Smart = not backwards compatible
• Support
• Windows Phone 8.1+
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37. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Bluetooth Beacons
• Advertise in regular intervals (e.g., 100 ms)
• No pairing required / possible
• Send IDs for identification
• No back communication channel
• Support
• Windows 10
• Discover + advertise
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38. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Publisher & Watcher
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Publisher
Payload
Watcher
Filter
Event Callback

39. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Publish
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_publisher = new BluetoothLEAdvertisementPublisher();
Create1
var writer = new DataWriter();
const ushort uuidData = 0x1234; // Custom payload
writer.WriteUInt16(uuidData);
var manufacturerData = new BluetoothLEManufacturerData
{
CompanyId = 0xFFFE, // Custom company ID
Data = writer.DetachBuffer()
};
_publisher.Advertisement.ManufacturerData.Add(manufacturerData);
Setup2
_publisher.Start();
Start3
Company identifiers
assigned by Bluetooth SIG
We will subscribe to this
specific payload

40. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Watch
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_watcher = new BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher();
Create1
var writer = new DataWriter();
const ushort uuidData = 0x1234; // Custom payload
writer.WriteUInt16(uuidData);
var manufacturerData = new BluetoothLEManufacturerData
{
CompanyId = 0xFFFE, // Custom company ID
Data = writer.DetachBuffer()
};
_watcher.AdvertisementFilter.Advertisement.ManufacturerData.Add(manufacturerData);
Setup2
_watcher.Received += WatcherOnReceived;
_watcher.Start();
Start3
Same
Code!

41. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Beacon Background Tasks
• Scan for beacons from background task
• BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcherTrigger
• Only one payload filter
• Minimal sampling interval = 1 event / sec / beacon
• Foreground = no restrictions, every event
• Requires hardware offloading feature
• Process info directly in hardware
• All new Windows 10 Mobile devices + previous flagships + Surface Pro 3
• Publish beacons in the background
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42. Beacon Specifications
iBeacon, Eddystone & Co
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43. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Beacon Formats
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Bluetooth advertisement
standardized by Bluetooth
Core specification.
→ “How”
iBeacon
Eddystone
AltBeacon
…
Data not standardized –
various different specifications.
→ “What”
iBeacon™ is a Trademark by Apple Inc.
Eddystone™ is an open Bluetooth® Smart beacon format from Google.

44. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
iBeacon™ & Eddystone™
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Eddystone
Beacon
Eddystone-UID
Beacon ID, Tx power
level
Eddystone-TLM
Battery, temperature,
sent frames, time
running
Eddystone-URL
URL, Tx power level
Open source specification
https://github.com/google/eddystone
iBeacon
UUID, major &
minor ID
Proprietary specification
https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/

45. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Universal Beacon Library
45
https://github.com/andijakl/universal-beacon
Parse & create
Beacon frames
Assigns received
frames to individual
beacons
Fully documented.
Includes Windows 10 example app.
Open Source license

46. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Example
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_beaconManager = new BeaconManager();
_watcher = new BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher();
_watcher.Received += WatcherOnReceived;
_watcher.Start();
1 Initialize Beacon scanning
API documentation: bit.ly/ProximityAPI
private async void WatcherOnReceived(
BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher sender,
BluetoothLEAdvertisementReceivedEventArgs eventArgs)
{
await _dispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal,
() => _beaconManager.ReceivedAdvertisement(eventArgs));
}
2 Beacon advertisement frame received callback

47. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Example
47
foreach (var bluetoothBeacon in _beaconManager.BluetoothBeacons.ToList())
{
Debug.WriteLine("nBeacon: " + bluetoothBeacon.BluetoothAddressAsString);
Debug.WriteLine("Type: " + bluetoothBeacon.BeaconType);
foreach (var beaconFrame in bluetoothBeacon.BeaconFrames.ToList())
{
// Print a small sample of the available data parsed by the library
if (beaconFrame is UidEddystoneFrame)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Eddystone UID Frame");
Debug.WriteLine("ID: " + ((UidEddystoneFrame) beaconFrame).
NamespaceIdAsNumber.ToString("X") + " / " +
((UidEddystoneFrame) beaconFrame).
InstanceIdAsNumber.ToString("X"));
} // ...
}}
3 Access Beacon Info

48. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
Bluetooth Beacon Interactor
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Library Example App = Free Windows 10 Bluetooth Beacon Interactor
https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9NBLGGH1Z24K

49. Internal
Summary
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50. © Andreas Jakl, Tieto Corporation
New Windows 10 Scenarios
NFC Simulation
Smart Card
Transparent
Exchange
Host Card
Emulation
Bluetooth
Beacons

51. Internal
Thank You!
Andreas Jakl
@andijakl
andreas.jakl@tieto.com
51