Some problems can only be solved by looking across a complete compute ecosystem. IoT Devices, Mobile Devices, Media Servers Gateways, Cloud Edge Devices. 

1. David A Rusling, CTO Linaro
The End to End Story
March 2016

2. Some problems can only be solved by looking
across a complete compute ecosystem

3. The End to End Ecosystem
Gateways,
Edge DevicesIoT Devices Mobile Devices Media Servers Cloud

4. ● Coordinates strategy across all segment
groups
o Work directly with the segment groups
o Technical detail is directly driven by the director, TL
and committee
● Works directly with members
● Impact mostly in the next cycle
o Priorities and new work (Lead Projects) next cycle
o Incubation via OCTO, for example HPC/HPDA
OCTO, What does it do?

5. OCTO
Standards
Boot
Architecture
HAL
HPC

6. Reference Platforms
The assembly line of the end to end ecosystem
Gateways,
Edge DevicesIoT Devices Mobile Devices Media Servers Cloud

7. ● Data needs to be processed
and protected
● Products are appearing
o most are enhancements to existing
mobile applications, tethered to your
mobile
● Many ‘walled gardens’
o Little data traffic between them
IoT will Generate Vast Amounts of Data and Compute

8. IoT Client Reference Platform
CoAP
RTOS
SCRIPTING
ENGINE
Ecosystem Libs
CoAP MQTT
KERNEL
SCRIPTING
ENGINE
Ecosystem Libs
CoAP MQTT
KERNEL
SCRIPTING
ENGINE
Ecosystem Libs
DTLS TLSDTLS TLSDTLS
CoAP HTML
KERNEL
SCRIPTING
ENGINE
Ecosystem Libs
TLSDTLS
Sensor Gateway Smart
Device
Smart
Device

9. Cortex-M
● Secure boot (supported by the ARMv8-M
Security Extensions (Cortex-M Security
Extensions or CMSE)
● RESTful protocol support (OMA LWM2M, CoAP,
MQTT, DTLS, TLS)
● RTOS: Choice of Contiki OS, mBed OS...
● Cortex-A
● Bootloader: ARM TF, PSCI, UEFI (ACPI, Grub2),
eMMC
● Trusted Execution Environment (OP-TEE)
● Stable kernel
o UEFI and ACPI support
o RESTful protocol support (OMA LWM2M,
CoAP, MQTT, DTLS, TLS)
● Distributions: OpenWRT, Yocto...
LITE Ecosystem: IoT Client
●IoT Application Framework
oLightweight Javascript engine
oEcosystem services layer (for example, mBed)

10. IoT Client +
● Full web protocol / bridge
o HTML (CoAP / HTML gateway), TLS
● IoT client management
o Key storage and retrieval, authentication
o Device messaging updating, provisioning
(varies by ecosystem)
A gateway is a little server...
IoT Gateway Architecture
CoAP-SMS CoAP-MQ CoAP MQTTHTTP
DTLS
KERNEL
DOCKER ENGINE
Device
Messaging
Provisioning
Updating
Device
Messaging
Provisioning
Updating
Device
Messaging
Provisioning
Updating
Device
Messaging
Provisioning
Updating
Containers
TLS

11. ● Mobile is the current ‘central
ecosystem of technology’
● Disruptive technology,
engineering and business
practices will flow from mobile
into all market segments
Mobile is Impacting the Whole Ecosystem
Mobile is the ‘central
ecosystem of
technology’
– Benedict Evans,
Andreessen Horowitz

12. ● Secure boot path
● AOSP based open source
components
o Kernel, including protocol stacks etc
● Android RunTime
o Java based run timetime
o Cloud ecosystem integration
Mobile
CoAP-SMS CoAP-MQ CoAP MQTTHTTP
DTLS
KERNEL
ART
Ecosystem
Application
Framework
Ecosystem
Application
Framework
TLS
Ecosystem
Application
Framework
Ecosystem
Application
Framework

13. STB

14. ● Productivity tools no longer means ‘Powerpoint’,
it means data sharing and social, for example
salesforce.com
● Social is not just writing messages on walls, it is
a means of sharing our interests and interactions
● IoT will generate vast quantities of data
The Data Singularity
We kill people based
on metadata.
– Gen. Michael
Hayden, former head
of the NSA and CIA
Microsoft needs to
try and reinvent the
connective tissue of
the enterprise
– Microsoft CEO Satya
Nadella
Data analytics plus learning systems (AI) drive ‘intelligent
assistant’ style interactions

15. ● Commoditization continues
o Standard components (open source standards)
o ‘Value add’ driven to the margins as open source provides the
framework
o Few companies have the scale to differentiate themselves
● Big data consumes big storage
● Machine learning consumes CPU and GPU cycles
● Tuning for work loads the only way to scale this
o HPC shows the way
The (ARM) Data Center
What does
the (ARM)
data center of
the future
look like?

16. ● Bootloader: ARM TF, PSCI, UEFI (ACPI,
Grub2), eMMC, USB / Network boot
● Latest stable kernel with UEFI and
ACPI support
● OP-TEE
● Distributions: Debian 8, CentOS7
● Software stack: Openstack8, Hadoop,
Spark (Bigtop), Docker
● IoT ecosystem components. Includes
device registry and discovery
IoT Cloud Ecosystem
CONTAINERCONTAINER
MQTTHTTP
OPENSTACK
Device
Management,
Security
HTTP
Device
Management,
Security
MQTT
TLS TLS
KERNEL

17. ● Everybody wants our data
o Mandated government back doors /
keys
o Cyberterrorism
o Corporations
● Security not just about physical
and electronic keys
o Cloud gives more attack surfaces to
exploit
o Need to focus on detecting and
responding to threats
o User and entity behaviour analytics
will allow adaptive behaviour
●
Security
Glibc: Mega bug may
hit thousands of
devices
– Dave Lee, BBC

18. ● Clone the network SSID
● Telnet to the iKettle with a default password of
000000
● List the iKettle’s settings and it displays all known
wifi passwords in plain text
How to Hack Your Kettle
Q: How many of
you put your
domestic
appliances on a
separate wifi?

19. ● Web service (API) calls were not verifying the
'sender' of messages
oa would-be attacker to send bogus requests
●Attacker could find
oCustomer details
oChild’s name, age, gender
How to Hack Your Child’s Teddy Bear

20. ● Vulnerability in the mobile application
● Allows anyone to take control of your car
using the last 5 digits of the VIN number
● Heated seats
● Air conditioning
How To Hack Your Car
GET https://[redacted].com/orchestration_1111/gdc/BatteryStatusRecordsRequest.php?RegionCode=NE&lg=no-
NO&DCMID=&VIN=SJNFAAZE0U60XXXXX&tz=Europe/Paris&TimeFrom=2014-09-27T09:15:21

21. ● Timely updates are necessary
o New features in IoT and Embedded
o Emerging IoT protocols
o Integration with multiple IoT ecosystems
o Security fixes
● ARM partnership challenges
o New IP (secrecy / fragmentation)
o Lack of a common platform HAL, also known as ‘architecture’
o A ‘hack and ship’ development flow - “we’ve always done it this
way”
Security Needs Timely Updates

22. Standards Enable the End to End Ecosystem
Gateways,
Edge DevicesIoT Devices Mobile Devices Media Servers Cloud

23. Standards
We follow a lot of standards, but there are some
that we should be actively participating in
● Open Data Plane
● GlobalPlatform
● Device tree
● Open Container Initiative
● ...

24. Hardware Enables the End to End Ecosystem
IoT
Enterprise
NetworkSTBConsumer
Gateways,
Edge DevicesIoT Devices Mobile Devices Media Servers Cloud

25. Easily prototype new products
●Commoditization of Connectivity Components
●Crowdfunding
●Quick Turn Manufacturing
●3D Printing
●Added services (Nest, Fitbit, Philips Hue)
Hardware is the new Software
96Boards plus SDK / Reference Platforms gives us an
end to end story

26. ● Raspberry Pi has been a brilliant enabler of
engineers and the maker community
o 96Boards inherits much software, Debian, Fedora etc that was
incubated on Raspberry Pi
● 96Boards is enabling end to end ubiquitous
software
● It’s a layout standard that enables multiple boards
of the same form factor
o An improvement on a multiple competing layouts from many
ARM SoC manufacturers
● It enables and supports the software reference
platform
●
96Boards is not Raspberry Pi

27. ● It all comes together in the reference
platforms, hardware and software
● Reference Platforms are driven by
standards
● Standards succeed when they are
implemented in open source (and in the
open)
● Developing open source openly enables
more players
● It’s the ARM ecosystem way
How Does All This Come Together?

28. Additional Material

29. The End to End Ecosystem
Networking Enterprise
IoT
Gateways,
IoT Devices
Mobile DevicesMedia Servers
IoT
Enterprise
IoT / TV / STB /
Media Gateway
Network STB Consumer
Consumer

30. ● Software Defined Networking (SDN)
plus hardware acceleration
● Open Daylight - modular SDN platform
● Open Virtual Switch
● ODP - interface to acceleration
hardware
High open source content, merging with
commodity hardware
Edge Network
ODP
KERNEL
OVS
Open Daylight
Open
Daylight
Applicatoin
Open
Daylight
Applicatoin
Open
Daylight
Applicatoin