This document summarizes a seminar on wind power. It defines wind power as kinetic energy from wind that is converted into electrical energy using wind turbines. It describes the basic components and design considerations of wind turbines, including rotor size and generator size. The document discusses advantages such as being renewable and producing no pollution, and disadvantages such as wind strength varying and noise from turbines. It provides examples of large wind farms in the United States and typical costs to install wind turbines.
Wind turbines,the most essential tool that produces energy with out causing any harm to the nature
It is best technique to convert the wind energy to electrical energy
Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow. It was published in 1919, by the German physicist Albert Betz.[1] The law is derived from the principles of conservation of mass and momentum of the air stream flowing through an idealized "actuator disk" that extracts energy from the wind stream. According to Betz's law, no turbine can capture more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy in wind. The factor 16/27 (0.593) is known as Betz's coefficient. Practical utility-scale wind turbines achieve at peak 75% to 80% of the Betz limit.[2][3]
The Betz limit is based on an open disk actuator. If a diffuser is used to collect additional wind flow and direct it through the turbine, more energy can be extracted, but the limit still applies to the cross-section of the entire structure.A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric technology (rotary propeller). The technical description for this type of machine is an aerofoil-powered generator.
The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
A wind mill converts the kinetic energy of moving air into Mechanical energy that can be either used directly to run the Machine or to run the generator to produce electricity.
Wind turbines,the most essential tool that produces energy with out causing any harm to the nature
It is best technique to convert the wind energy to electrical energy
Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow. It was published in 1919, by the German physicist Albert Betz.[1] The law is derived from the principles of conservation of mass and momentum of the air stream flowing through an idealized "actuator disk" that extracts energy from the wind stream. According to Betz's law, no turbine can capture more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy in wind. The factor 16/27 (0.593) is known as Betz's coefficient. Practical utility-scale wind turbines achieve at peak 75% to 80% of the Betz limit.[2][3]
The Betz limit is based on an open disk actuator. If a diffuser is used to collect additional wind flow and direct it through the turbine, more energy can be extracted, but the limit still applies to the cross-section of the entire structure.A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric technology (rotary propeller). The technical description for this type of machine is an aerofoil-powered generator.
The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
A wind mill converts the kinetic energy of moving air into Mechanical energy that can be either used directly to run the Machine or to run the generator to produce electricity.
The project focuses on the integration process of a new wind farm into the Australian grid.
The study offers a synthesis of information collected on different reports from Australian institutions regulating the electricity industry. The added value of our study is to evaluate not only the requirements but also the risks and challenges of such a wind farm integration into the Australian grid. As a result, we have detailed in our report a clear definition of the different stages, a timeline for the process and the key risks and challenges involved.
Steady state stability analysis and enhancement of three machine nine bus pow...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Power System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure system planning and operation. Studies
are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant
periodically. This paper presents the power system steady state stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system and examines
influence of TCPS FACTS device based controller on test system. It is assumed that system under study has been perturbed from a
steady state equilibrium that prevailed prior to the application of the disturbance. If system is stable, we would expect that for
temporary or permanent disturbance, system will acquire initial or new operating state after a transient period. The stability
study is accessed using Lyapunov’s first method. The effectiveness of damping controller in enhancing the steady state stability is
investigated by incorporating available constraints. For analysis MATLAB software is employed. The conclusions have been
drawn here, based on theoretical and mathematical analysis so as to provide an insight and better understanding of steady state
stability of considered multi machine power system.
Key Words: Lyapunov’s first method, Steady-state stability, Phase portrait, FACTS device, supplementary modulation
controller, eigen value, synchronizing power coefficient, IEEE-9 Bus Test System, Load Flow Study, Differential
algebraic equation.
World Bank Power Projects: Crossroads on Renewable Energycgdev
Slides of a presentation given by David Wheeler and Kevin Ummel of the Center for Global Development on the options for the World Bank on renewable energy.
International Journal of Renewable Energy and its Commercialization
is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes recent advancement in renewable energy and its utilization. The main focus of the journal is to create a more sustainable world and spread knowledge of the same journal considers article that are of high standard and good quality and which have never been published anywhere.
KGK International is the U.S. importer for Seibu preicsion wire EDMs. Although new to the U.S., Seibu wire EDMs are popular in the Japanese – Asian markets. Seibu developed the worlds’ 1st wire EDM in 1972. Seibu Electric was established in 1927 & its factory is located in the southern Japanese city of Kogo, Fukuoka
Challenges & opportunities for renewable energy in indiaSoumyadeep Bhunia
This is a Report describes the overview of the renewable energy sources in India and potentiality of power generation and also includes the rules and regulations for the non conventional energy.
Nowadays, it is well-understood that the burning of fossil fuels in electric power station has
a significant influence on the global climate due to greenhouse gases. In many countries,
the use of cost-effective and reliable low-carbon electricity energy sources is becoming an
important energy policy. Among different kinds of clean energy resources- such as solar
power, hydro-power, ocean wave power and so on, wind power is the fastest-growing form
of renewable energy at the present time.
Moreover, adjustable speed generator wind turbines (ASGWT) has key advantages over
the fixed-speed generator wind turbines (FSGWT) in terms of less mechanical stress, improved
power quality, high system efficiency, and reduced acoustic noise. One important
class of ASGWT is the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which has gained a significant
attention of the electric power industry due to their advantages over the other class
of ASGWT, i.e. fully rated converter-based wind turbines. Because of increased integration
of DFIG-based wind farms into electric power grids, it is necessary to transmit the
generated power from wind farms to the existing grids via transmission networks without
congestion.
Series capacitive compensation of DFIG-based wind farm is an economical way to increase
the power transfer capability of the transmission line connecting wind farm to the
grid. For example, a study performed by ABB reveals that increasing the power transfer
capability of an existing transmission line from 1300 MW to 2000 MW using series
compensation is 90% less than the cost of building a new transmission line.
However, a factor hindering the extensive use of series capacitive compensation is the
potential risk of sub- synchronous resonance (SSR). The SSR is a condition where the wind farm exchanges energy with the electric network, to which it is connected, at one or more
natural frequencies of the electric or mechanical part of the combined system, comprising
the wind farm and the network, and the frequency of the exchanged energy is below the
fundamental frequency of the system. This phenomenon may cause severe damage in the
wind farm, if not prevented.
Therefore, this dissertation deals with the SSR phenomena in a capacitive series compensated
wind farm. A DFIG-based wind farm, which is connected to a series compensated
transmission line, is considered as a case study. The small-signal stability analysis of the
system is presented, and the eigenvalues of the system are obtained. Using both modal
analysis and time-domain simulation, it is shown that the system is potentially unstable
due to the SSR mode.
Then, three different possibilities for the addition of SSR damping controller (SSRDC)
are investigated. The SSRDC can be added to (1) gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC),
(2) thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), or (3) DFIG rotor-side converter (RSC)
and grid-side converter (GSC) controllers. The first and second c
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. Seminar on Wind PowerSeminar on Wind Power
NAME :- CHATAR SINGH MEENA
En. Roll :- 275/12 ( 39 )
Electrical Engineering
7th
Semester
National Institute Of Technology Srinagar 190006
2. WIND POWERWIND POWER
What is it?
Windmill design
How does it work?
U.S. States and
Examples
Advantages of Wind
Power
Disadvantages Of
Wind Power
Contents :-
3. WIND POWERWIND POWER - What is it?- What is it?
All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately
comes from the sun
The earth receives 1.74 x 1017
watts of power (per hour) from the sun
About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy
(which is about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to
biomass by all plants on earth
Differential heating of the earth’s surface
and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal
air currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land WIND.
~ e.g.: Land Sea Breeze Cycle
4. • Winds are influenced by the ground surface at altitudes up to
100 meters.
• Wind is slowed by the surface roughness and obstacles.
• When dealing with wind energy, we are concerned with
surface winds.
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the
force of the wind into a torque (turning force) acting on the
rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind transfers to the rotor
depends on the density of the air, the rotor area, and the wind
speed.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is proportional to its
mass (or weight). The kinetic energy in the wind thus depends
on the density of the air, i.e. its mass per unit of volume.
In other words, the "heavier" the air, the more energy is
received by the turbine.
•at 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but
the density decreases slightly with increasing humidity.
5. A typical 600 kW wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 43-44 meters,
i.e. a rotor area of some 1,500 square meters.
The rotor area determines how much energy a wind turbine is able to
harvest from the wind.
Since the rotor area increases with the square of the rotor diameter, a
turbine which is twice as large will receive 22
= 2 x 2 = four times as
much energy.
To be considered a good location for
wind energy, an area needs to have
average annual wind speeds of at least 12
miles per hour.
6. WINDMILL DESIGNWINDMILL DESIGN
A Windmill captures
wind energy and then
uses a generator to
convert it to electrical
energy.
The design of a
windmill is an integral
part of how efficient it
will be.
When designing a
windmill, one must
decide on the size of the
turbine, and the size of
the generator.
7. LARGE TURBINES:
• Able to deliver electricity at lower cost
than smaller turbines, because foundation
costs, planning costs, etc. are independent
of size.
• Well-suited for offshore wind plants.
• In areas where it is difficult to find sites,
one large turbine on a tall tower uses the
wind extremely efficiently.
8. SMALL TURBINES:
Local electrical grids may not be able to handle the large electrical
output from a large turbine, so smaller turbines may be more
suitable.
High costs for foundations for large turbines may not be
economical in some areas.
Landscape considerations
9. Wind Turbines: Number of Blades
Most common design is the three-bladed turbine. The most important reason is
the stability of the turbine. A rotor with an odd number of rotor blades (and at least
three blades) can be considered to be similar to a disc when calculating the dynamic
properties of the machine.
A rotor with an even number of blades will give stability problems for a machine
with a stiff structure. The reason is that at the very moment when the uppermost
blade bends backwards, because it gets the maximum power from the wind, the
lowermost blade passes into the wind shade in front of the tower.
10. • Wind power generators
convert wind energy
(mechanical energy) to
electrical energy.
• The generator is
attached at one end to the
wind turbine, which
provides the mechanical
energy.
• At the other end, the
generator is connected to
the electrical grid.
• The generator needs to
have a cooling system to
make sure there is no
overheating.
11. SMALL GENERATORS:
Require less force to turn than a larger ones, but give much lower
power output.
Less efficient
i.e.. If you fit a large wind turbine rotor with a small generator it
will be producing electricity during many hours of the year, but it
will capture only a small part of the energy content of the wind at
high wind speeds.
LARGE GENERATORS:
Very efficient at high wind speeds, but unable to turn at low wind
speeds.
i.e.. If the generator has larger coils, and/or a stronger internal
magnet, it will require more force (mechanical) to start in motion.
12. P/m^2 = 6.1 x 10^-4 v^3
*The power in wind is
proportional to the cubic wind
speed ( v^3 ).
WHY?
~ Kinetic energy of an air mass
is proportional to v^2
~ Amount of air mass moving
past a given point is proportional
to wind velocity (v)
13. * An extra meter of tower will cost roughly 1,500 USD.
14. A typical 600 kW turbine costs about $450,000.
Installation costs are typically $125,000.
Therefore, the total costs will be about $575,000.
The average price for large, modern wind farms is
around $1,000 per kilowatt electrical power installed.
Modern wind turbines are designed to work for some
120,000 hours of operation throughout their design
lifetime of 20 years. ( 13.7 years non-stop)
Maintenance costs are about 1.5-2.0 percent of the
original cost, per year.
15. The U.S. currently has more than 1,600 MW of installed
capacity and produces about 3 billion KWh of electricity
each year.
This is enough to meet the annual residential needs of 1
million people.
More than 90 percent of this power is produced by three
wind farms in California (Altamont Pass, Tehachapi and
Palm Springs).
16.
17. Advantages of Wind Power
• The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to
produce electricity throughout the day. (Faster during the day)
• Energy output from a wind turbine will vary as the wind varies,
although the most rapid variations will to some extent be
compensated for by the inertia of the wind turbine rotor.
• Wind energy is a domestic, renewable source of energy that
generates no pollution and has little environmental impact. Up to
95 percent of land used for wind farms can also be used for other
profitable activities including ranching, farming and forestry.
• The decreasing cost of wind power and the growing interest in
renewable energy sources should ensure that wind power will
become a viable energy source in the United States and worldwide.
18. 1. The strength of the wind is not constant it varies from zero to
Storm force.
2.Wind Turbine are noisy. Each one can generate the same level
of Noise as a family car travelling at 70kmph.
3. When Wind Turbines are being manufactured
some pollution is produced. Therefore wind power
does produce some pollution.
19. Conclusion :-
1. The wind has a lot of potential in it and if properly
harnessed then it can help solve the energy crises in the
world.
2. It can be used as a main source of power at those
places which are still not connected to electricty at lower
cost .