Geothermal energy is a clean, environmentally friendly, renewable resource that provides energy around the world. Heat flowing constantly from the interior of the Earth ensure to be an inexhaustible supply of energy. However, existing traditional sources of energy, such as oil and gas are still popular nowadays. Current paper gives an example of environmentally danger of these sources of energy. The given example of oil and gas operations within the shelf and the coast of the Barents Sea and Pechora Sea causes contamination of waters by phenol and its accumulation in the bottom sediments and life tissues of the marine habitants. At the same time, ecosystems of the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea and Pechora Sea are characterized by their high biodiversity and high level of primary production. The last one is the fundamental biological characteristics for the marine ecosystems meaning the formation of the organic substance in the water by the chlorophyll-contains organisms: phytoplankton. The primary production plays an exceptional role in the functionality of the marine ecosystem's components. Therefore, presentation gives some brief ideas on the importance of the 'green', eco-friendly sources of energy and a need for the constant development in the environmental protection of our planet. The presentation was given at the International Conference 'Geoenergy' in Grozny (Chechnya), Russia, 19 June 2015.
In Hong Kong, studying Geography is categorized as useless because the culture of British Meritocracy here stresses the achievements of business studies. However, if going back to Mainland China or having a travel to either the US or Australia, you will find that your knowledge on Geography is very useful because the ruling regimes there greatly acknowledge the elites who graduated from the field of Agricultural Research.
Cynical people without a longsighted vision use to criticize that my Master Degree of China Studies is something too abstract because they use to be British-Hong Kong colonial debrises. However, they never know that, during my two-year research life in this academic department, I did render some challenging topics including the river-management and dam-construction issues of Mainland China. Just like what Mr. Tung Chee-hwa said in 2014 during a press conference: "Our country is rapidly growing up as a strong economic power. To my greatest disappointment, Hong Kong people still lack a long-sighted vision, and they are unwilling to change their perceptions." So, such group of people will never understand the scholastic efforts I have input in this holistic social-science learning experience.
Slovenian National Committee of the International Hydrological ProgrammeUNESCO Venice Office
Water Family Meeting and Symposium on Water Equity in South-East Europe and the Mediterranean
28-29 March 2019 Palazzo Zorzi, Venice (Italy) -
Mitja Brilly, IHP National Committee, Slovenia
Over centuries, hundreds of thousands of historical sources that contain information on the Viennese Danube river landscape have been stored in various archives. This unique wealth of historical material provides an excellent basis for the in-depth GIS reconstruction of Vienna’s topography over the past 500 years. However, the numerous – partly contradictory – sources must be critically assessed, making an authoritative reconstruction even more complicated. This paper describes the different types of historical sources used for the GIS-based reconstruction, the underlying methodological approach and its limitations regarding reliability and information value. The reconstruction was based on three cornerstones: (1) the available historical sources; (2) knowledge about morphological processes typical for the Austrian Danube prior to regulation; and (3) the interpretation of past hydraulic measures with respect to their effectiveness and their impact on the river’s behaviour. The current state of the Viennese river landscape served as a starting point for the GIS work; from there, ten historical states were reconstructed step-by-step going backwards in time to the least well-known situation in the early 16th century. After one reconstruction had been completed, its relevance for the temporally younger situations was evaluated. Such a regressive-iterative approach allows for permanent critical revision of the reconstructed time segments already processed. The resulting maps of the Danube floodplain from 1529 to 2010 provide a solid basis for interpreting the environmental conditions for Vienna’s urban development. They also help to localise certain riverine and urban landmarks (such as river arms or bridges) relevant for the history of Vienna. We conclude that the diversity of approaches and findings of the historical and natural sciences (river morphology, hydrology) provide key synergies.
In Hong Kong, studying Geography is categorized as useless because the culture of British Meritocracy here stresses the achievements of business studies. However, if going back to Mainland China or having a travel to either the US or Australia, you will find that your knowledge on Geography is very useful because the ruling regimes there greatly acknowledge the elites who graduated from the field of Agricultural Research.
Cynical people without a longsighted vision use to criticize that my Master Degree of China Studies is something too abstract because they use to be British-Hong Kong colonial debrises. However, they never know that, during my two-year research life in this academic department, I did render some challenging topics including the river-management and dam-construction issues of Mainland China. Just like what Mr. Tung Chee-hwa said in 2014 during a press conference: "Our country is rapidly growing up as a strong economic power. To my greatest disappointment, Hong Kong people still lack a long-sighted vision, and they are unwilling to change their perceptions." So, such group of people will never understand the scholastic efforts I have input in this holistic social-science learning experience.
Slovenian National Committee of the International Hydrological ProgrammeUNESCO Venice Office
Water Family Meeting and Symposium on Water Equity in South-East Europe and the Mediterranean
28-29 March 2019 Palazzo Zorzi, Venice (Italy) -
Mitja Brilly, IHP National Committee, Slovenia
Over centuries, hundreds of thousands of historical sources that contain information on the Viennese Danube river landscape have been stored in various archives. This unique wealth of historical material provides an excellent basis for the in-depth GIS reconstruction of Vienna’s topography over the past 500 years. However, the numerous – partly contradictory – sources must be critically assessed, making an authoritative reconstruction even more complicated. This paper describes the different types of historical sources used for the GIS-based reconstruction, the underlying methodological approach and its limitations regarding reliability and information value. The reconstruction was based on three cornerstones: (1) the available historical sources; (2) knowledge about morphological processes typical for the Austrian Danube prior to regulation; and (3) the interpretation of past hydraulic measures with respect to their effectiveness and their impact on the river’s behaviour. The current state of the Viennese river landscape served as a starting point for the GIS work; from there, ten historical states were reconstructed step-by-step going backwards in time to the least well-known situation in the early 16th century. After one reconstruction had been completed, its relevance for the temporally younger situations was evaluated. Such a regressive-iterative approach allows for permanent critical revision of the reconstructed time segments already processed. The resulting maps of the Danube floodplain from 1529 to 2010 provide a solid basis for interpreting the environmental conditions for Vienna’s urban development. They also help to localise certain riverine and urban landmarks (such as river arms or bridges) relevant for the history of Vienna. We conclude that the diversity of approaches and findings of the historical and natural sciences (river morphology, hydrology) provide key synergies.
The hydrological rate of flow of the watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam depends on its morphometric and geological features as well as its precipitation.The watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam is part of the coastal watersheds in the central-east of Tunisia. It is the only watershed which is not affected by hydraulic constructions such as dams. Besides, it features a surface area that extends to 204 km2 and a high recorded rainfall. To determine the hydrological rate of flow of the watershed, we had to identify its geological and morphometric characteristics, and gauge the flow of Lake Laya El Hammam. The final results have allowed us to identify: the general aspect of the flow of water in the watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam, the relationship lake/ sheet and the importance of gauging in Eastimating the rate of flow of water during periods marked by lack of rain.
Retrospective analysis of hydrologic impacts in the Chesapeake Bay watershedHarsh Beria
This presentation gives a summary of my work on Chesapeake Bay modeling, carried out during the summers of 2014 at Virginia Tech. It was presented at American Water Resources Conference (AWRA) in November, 2014.
In a warming climate, why do we see decreasing heat flux in the Arctic Ocean?Harsh Beria
This presentation was given at Global Institute of Water Security, University of Saskatchewan on 23rd July, 2015. It details my work on statistical analysis for heat flux trends for the Arctic rivers.
Oceanic transport through Atlantic straits
Romain Bourdallé-Badie, Yann Drillet and Karine Béranger
Introduction
Straits play a special role in ocean circulation. They transform water masses, form currents and allow water to flow from one
basin to another. In the North Atlantic and Mediterranean area simulated using the PSY2V1 analysis and forecasting system,
there are numerous straits more or less determining large-scale circulation throughout the basin. This study focuses on straits in
two areas: the Caribbean Sea, where the Gulf Stream is formed, and the North-East Atlantic where the North Atlantic bottom
waters and Greenland current are formed. The present study is based on the transport of water masses computed by PSY2V1
from October 2001 to June 2003 after having divided up the areas into sections. We take a more detailed look at 2002.
Water’s Journey Through the Shale Gas Drilling and Production ProcessesMarcellus Drilling News
The paper "Water’s Journey Through the Shale Gas Drilling and Production Processes in the Mid-Atlantic Region" was published by Penn State Cooperative Extension in May 2012. It traces the various paths for a water droplet used by the Marcellus Shale natural-gas industry in the mid-Atlantic region, also dealing with the issue of wastewater.
Freshwater is water that contains very little salt and is drinkable for humans and wildlife. Freshwater is found in rivers, lakes, streams, water wells, aquifers, waterfalls, and icebergs as well as snow and the polar ice caps. An aquifer is an underground area that is permeable and contains water.
Assessing and Monitoring Geoecological Status of West Turkish Landscapes for ...Universität Salzburg
The presentation shows research focused on environmental monitoring of Izmir land cover types. Izmir is the 3rd largest and most populous city in Turkey, industrial city, significant center of trade and industry, major seaport of strategic importance. Therefore, region is experiencing strong anthropogenic load. At the same time, Izmir area has high ecological significance. Research focused on satellite image processing using Erdas Imagine. Main research question is: did landscapes change within the test area of the Izmir region in the last 13 years (1987-2000)? Data include Landsat TM images for 1987 and 2000. Two Landsat TM images with a time difference of 13 years covering study area were classified and compared, changed in land cover types detected. Current research contributed towards methodological application of Erdas Imagine software for satellite image processing aimed at environmental monitoring and mapping.
The hydrological rate of flow of the watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam depends on its morphometric and geological features as well as its precipitation.The watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam is part of the coastal watersheds in the central-east of Tunisia. It is the only watershed which is not affected by hydraulic constructions such as dams. Besides, it features a surface area that extends to 204 km2 and a high recorded rainfall. To determine the hydrological rate of flow of the watershed, we had to identify its geological and morphometric characteristics, and gauge the flow of Lake Laya El Hammam. The final results have allowed us to identify: the general aspect of the flow of water in the watershed of Lake Laya El Hammam, the relationship lake/ sheet and the importance of gauging in Eastimating the rate of flow of water during periods marked by lack of rain.
Retrospective analysis of hydrologic impacts in the Chesapeake Bay watershedHarsh Beria
This presentation gives a summary of my work on Chesapeake Bay modeling, carried out during the summers of 2014 at Virginia Tech. It was presented at American Water Resources Conference (AWRA) in November, 2014.
In a warming climate, why do we see decreasing heat flux in the Arctic Ocean?Harsh Beria
This presentation was given at Global Institute of Water Security, University of Saskatchewan on 23rd July, 2015. It details my work on statistical analysis for heat flux trends for the Arctic rivers.
Oceanic transport through Atlantic straits
Romain Bourdallé-Badie, Yann Drillet and Karine Béranger
Introduction
Straits play a special role in ocean circulation. They transform water masses, form currents and allow water to flow from one
basin to another. In the North Atlantic and Mediterranean area simulated using the PSY2V1 analysis and forecasting system,
there are numerous straits more or less determining large-scale circulation throughout the basin. This study focuses on straits in
two areas: the Caribbean Sea, where the Gulf Stream is formed, and the North-East Atlantic where the North Atlantic bottom
waters and Greenland current are formed. The present study is based on the transport of water masses computed by PSY2V1
from October 2001 to June 2003 after having divided up the areas into sections. We take a more detailed look at 2002.
Water’s Journey Through the Shale Gas Drilling and Production ProcessesMarcellus Drilling News
The paper "Water’s Journey Through the Shale Gas Drilling and Production Processes in the Mid-Atlantic Region" was published by Penn State Cooperative Extension in May 2012. It traces the various paths for a water droplet used by the Marcellus Shale natural-gas industry in the mid-Atlantic region, also dealing with the issue of wastewater.
Freshwater is water that contains very little salt and is drinkable for humans and wildlife. Freshwater is found in rivers, lakes, streams, water wells, aquifers, waterfalls, and icebergs as well as snow and the polar ice caps. An aquifer is an underground area that is permeable and contains water.
Similar to Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Example of the Negative Impacts of Oil and Gas Exploration Activities Over the Marine Environment
Assessing and Monitoring Geoecological Status of West Turkish Landscapes for ...Universität Salzburg
The presentation shows research focused on environmental monitoring of Izmir land cover types. Izmir is the 3rd largest and most populous city in Turkey, industrial city, significant center of trade and industry, major seaport of strategic importance. Therefore, region is experiencing strong anthropogenic load. At the same time, Izmir area has high ecological significance. Research focused on satellite image processing using Erdas Imagine. Main research question is: did landscapes change within the test area of the Izmir region in the last 13 years (1987-2000)? Data include Landsat TM images for 1987 and 2000. Two Landsat TM images with a time difference of 13 years covering study area were classified and compared, changed in land cover types detected. Current research contributed towards methodological application of Erdas Imagine software for satellite image processing aimed at environmental monitoring and mapping.
An Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Choba Section of the New ...Scientific Review SR
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and sediments of the Choba section of the New
Calabar River, Eastern Niger Delta were carried out. Seven (7) river sediments and twelve (12) surface water
samples were collected for the study. The heavy metals studied were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Cu for in both
river sediment and surface water. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used in evaluating
Pollution Index (PI) of heavy metals in surface water. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) level of river sediments
ranged from 5.12 – 33.26, with only PLI values <1 considered unpolluted. The other samples analyzed revealed
high pollution levels, with Cu, Cr and Mn having moderate to considerable Contamination Factor levels, while
the others were of low levels. For surface water, Pb and Zn had high Pollution Index values, with Pb having PI
values ranging 10 – 211, with considerable contribution of pollutants from anthropogenic activities into the river.
There is urgent need for regular monitoring of the Choba section of the River. The regulatory government agency
responsible for protecting the environment should also pay adequate attention to this stretch of the river to avoid
further contamination.
Study of Temporal Trends of Pollution in the Russian Coastal Areas of the Bla...CrimsonPublishersACSR
Study of Temporal Trends of Pollution in the Russian Coastal Areas of the Black Sea by Nuclear and Related Analytical Techniques by Frontasyeva MV in Annals of Chemical Science Research
The development of this new edition of the Baltic Sea presentation package was inspired by the Gulf of Finland Year 2014, in order to contribute to the intensive work on augmenting the scientific knowledge base and awareness of the Baltic Sea.
The content of the presentation package demonstrates, on one hand, the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Baltic Sea and, on the other hand, the challenges presented by the Baltic. The last parts of the presentation package demonstrate various ways in which society is already acting, and can in the future continue to act to influence the future of the Baltic Sea to ensure
the sustainable use of its environment. At the end, the question is posed to all of us: what can I personally do for the Baltic Sea?
Version of the presentation with the internal hyperlinks can be downloaded at http://www.gof2014.fi/en/environmental-education/environmental-educationthe-baltic-sea-environment-and-ecology/
This presentation package can be downloaded and used free of charge. The editorial group owns the copyright to the slide series. Petri Kuokka owns the copyright to the figures and layout. The package can either be downloaded or used directly from the Internet.
This study aimed to understand the behavior of the carbonate system in the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex
(CIELC) to evaluate its potential as a source or sink for atmospheric CO2. This estuarine-lagoon complex is one of the most
extensive in Brazil, more than 100 km long and covers protected and sparsely inhabited regions of the state of São Paulo. This
system presents, in its southern portion, most preserved areas, and evident anthropogenic impact in the northern portion,
where an artificial canal was created in the second half of the 19th century, with the aim of shortening the navigation path link
the river to the estuarine system offering a passage to the sea, resulting in several modifications, both from a hydrodynamic
and biogeochemical mechanisms. Sampling of salinity (S), temperature (T), total alkalinity (TA), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
and nutrients (P and Si) were performed along the CIELC in the winter of 2012 and in the summer of 2013. S, TA, pH and
nutrients were used to support the understanding the behavior of the species in the carbonate system (CO2
, HCO3
-
, CO3
2-)
and related variables were used to calculating the partial pressure of CO2
(pCO2
). The data showed the difference in salinity
and carbonate members distinguished the northern and southern areas, the influence of the marine waters entrance by the
bars, and the predominance of the system as a source of CO2
, even in the most preserved area. However, the difference in this
behavior is most evident under anthropogenic pression offering risk of extreme changes in direction to the southern sector,
now observed until the intermediate point of the system. The recommendation is an urgency in monitoring this region to
minimizes futures environmental changes, as acidification and the increase as a source of CO2
Environmental Qualitative assessment of rivers sedimentsGJESM Publication
In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni) in thesediment of Shavoor River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been investigated. After the library studies and field studies, six samples of water
and sediment were taken from the river in order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in sediments. To determine the
geochemical phases of metals in sediment samples the 5-step method was used for chemical separation. For quantitative assessment of the severity of contamination in the sediments, the geochemical indicators such as enriched factor (EF) and the accumulation index (Igeo) were used. Also, the statistical analyses including methods such as correlation analysis cluster analysis the (CA), were conducted.The results of the experiments showed that the organic matter deposited varies
with the average of 2.49 and ranges between 1.95% and 3.43%. Samples showed concentrations of metals such as calcium, iron, manganese, copper and nickel at all the sampling points were below the global average, whereas the concentration of copper was slightly higher than the global scale. Enriched factor (EF) was calculated for the elements revealed that heavy metals are classified as non-infected. The Geo-accumulation Index showed that the studied elements were uninfected peers. Based on the results of multivariate statistical analysis it was concluded that metals such as manganese, copper, iron, nickel and zinc are mainly natural and calcium metal is likely to have an organic origin.
Phase 1 of the Development Plan of International Navigation on the Lancang-Mekong River (LMDP) aims to improve navigation in the Mekong mainstream from the Golden Triangle to Luang Prabang.
Projects include the development of three cargo ports at Xiengkok, Pak Beng and Luang Prabang in Laos; the improvement and maintenance of 146 rapids and shoals; and the construction of four emergency response and rescue ships and 1199 aids to navigation.
The environmental study aims to engage riparian communities, MRC member countries and local government in an exploration of the potential environmental impacts of the LMDP, and to support Mekong countries in ensuring that potential impacts of the LMDP are managed through appropriate enhancement and mitigation measures.
Implementation of the study includes:
- Key issues for biodiversity and navigation development
- Trends in the key issues without the LMDP
- Impacts of the LMDP on each of these trends
- Risks to be avoided or mitigated and benefits to be enhanced
Fault Tectonics of the NE Black Sea Shelf and Its Relevance to Hydrocarbon Po...Şarlatan Avcısı
Abstract
Although faults of the consolidated crust play crucial role in the origin of sedimentary features and hydrocarbon accumulation, the tectonic setting of the NE Black Sea shelf is poorly known. The aim of this work is to compile the most detailed map of faults in the consolidated crust and test comprehensively a linkage between crustal disturbances and potential hydrocarbon features. Understanding such a relationship may be helpful in planning location of exploration boreholes.
For the first time, 3D gravity and magnetic models have been obtained at a scale of 1:200,000 for the NE Black Sea shelf. Based on the analysis of the observed magnetic field and gravity effect of the consolidated crust, the most detailed map has bееn compiled for tectonic faults of the consolidated crust. The relationship has been derived between the crustal and sedimentary faults. The prospective local anticlinal features have been revealed to be associated with certain systems of tectonic disturbances in the different crustal layers and magnetic inhomogeneity in the crust. The magnetic bodies of the consolidated crust and sedimentary cover can be of common origin due to
the influence of hydrocarbons vertically migrating along the deep faults. An individual block of high density has been delimited by the faults in the consolidated crust where there occur practically all prospective hydrocarbon features. The southern margin of this block is recommended as a new potential area for oil and gas exploration where gas seeps
are genetically related to the tectonic disturbances of different orders.
A first model has been derived for thermal evolution of the Kerch-Taman Trough from the pseudo-well method. A total subsidence of its basement can reach 5.0-6.5 km. The present-day temperature vs. depth profiles have been calculated. A thermal and stratigraphic position
has been determined for zones of oil and gas origin.
source : V.I. Starostenko1, B.L. Krupskyi1, I.K. Pashkevich1, O.M. Rusakov1,
I.B. Makarenko1, R.I. Kutas1, V.V Gladun1, O.V. Legostaeva1, T.V. Lebed1, and
P.Ya. Maksymchuk1
Search and Discovery Article #30155 (2011) Posted March 28, 2011
*Adapted from oral presentation at AAPG European Region Annual Conference, Kiev, Ukraine, October 17-19, 2010
1Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Joint stock-Company Naftogaz of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
River flows are above normal and air temperatures are increasing slowly. The spring phytoplankton bloom is slow to develop with visible blooms limited to smaller bays such as Sequim and Bellingham Bays. Noctiluca observed in East Sound on Orcas Island, coinciding with high numbers of jellyfish. Debris lines are mostly confined to Hood Canal. Pockets of colder water observed in Central Sound and Hood Canal, likely from the colder, saltier conditions that developed during the winter in the northern regions. Oxygen is variable yet close to expected ranges. Sizable oil sheens were sighted in Gig Harbor and Carr Inlet.
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Ljupka D. Zajkov, Ohrid ‑ Prespa Bioshpere Reserve, UNESCO's MAB Programme, North Macedonia
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
Combating surface and groundwater pollution in armeniaVarduhi Surmalyan
Country report 2010
Similar to Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Example of the Negative Impacts of Oil and Gas Exploration Activities Over the Marine Environment (20)
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algo...Universität Salzburg
Accurate and rapid big spatial data processing by scripting cartographic algorithms: advanced seafloor mapping of the deep-sea trenches along the margins of the Pacific Ocean
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
Bringing Geospatial Analysis to the Social Studies: an Assessment of the City...Universität Salzburg
Current poster presents an example of Landsat TM image processing using ENVI GIS. Research area: Taipei, Taiwan. Located on the north of the island, Taipei is Taiwan’s core urban, political and economic center; population >2.6 M continuing to expand affecting urban landscapes. Research aim: spatio- temporal analysis of urban dynamics in study area during 15 years (1990- 2005) Research objective: application of GIS methodology and remote sens- ing data to spatial analysis for a case study of Taipei. Data: Landsat TM images taken from the USGS. Software: ENVI GIS. Workflow includes following steps: 1) Preliminary processing 2) Creation color composites 3) Classification using K-means algorithm 4) Mapping using classification results 5) Accuracy assessment. The preliminary data processing includes image contrast stretching, which is useful as by default, ENVI displays images with a 2\% linear contrast stretch. For better contrast the histogram equalization contrast stretch was applied to the image in order to enhance the visual quality. The analysis of landscape changes was performed by geospatial analysis. 2 satellite images Landsat TM were processed and classified using ENVI GIS. Result of classification: areas occupied by different land cover types were calculated and analyzed. It has been detected that different parts of the city of Taipei were developing with different rate and intensity. 3 different residential types of the city were recognized and mapped. The results demonstrated following outcomes: 1) intensive urban development of the city of Taipei; 2) decline of green areas and natural spaces and, on the contrary, increase in anthropogenic urban spaces; 3) not parallel urban development in different districts of the city of Taipei during the 15-year period of 1990-2005.
Detection of Vegetation Coverage in Urban Agglomeration of Brussels by NDVI I...Universität Salzburg
Detection of vegetation coverage in urban agglomeration of Brussels by NDVI indicator using eCognition software and remote sensing measurements Lemenkova Polina Introduction The study area encompasses selected regions of the Brussels municipality, Belgium. In the past years the city of Brussels is experiencing intensification of the density of building structures. Unlike in some other European cities, where the most evident problem is urbanization and expansion of the city margins to the suburbia, the urban structure Brussels is the intensification of the buildings density in the city centre and the existing dwelling districts. Thus, the city structure tends to become more intense and dense, due to the process of filling the empty spaces in the urban patterns and high level housing. Another example of urban processes in Brussels is reorganisation of the industrial areas. At the same time, monitoring vegetation areas is essential for environmental sustainability of the capital city. The lack of the green spaces may cause ecological instability and increase atmospheric pollution. For studies of the specific problems of the Brussels city the remote sensing data (raster image) was used together with NDVI function, in order to detect areas covered by city parks. Acknowledgement: Current work has been supported by Bourse d'excellence, Service de Bourse d' ́ etude, Wallonie-Bruxelles International for research stay of Polina Lemenkova at l'Université libre de Bruxelles.
Investigation of the Lake Victoria Region (Africa: Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda)Universität Salzburg
This poster is a student assignment for a course 'GISA 02 GIS: Geographical Information Systems - Advanced Course 0701', a part of the MSc studies. It presents an ArcGIS based spatial analysis of the Victoria Lake region including environmental, biological, social and economic characteristics of the region. The methodology includes data organizing and management in ArcGIS 9.3. Operations and technique: ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. Project architecture: ArcCatalog. Spatial referencing and re-projection: ArcToolbox. Data include DEMs: elevations (USGS). 2 tiles of the USGS DEM, Land cover data (raster), Population data: UNEP, ArcGIS vector.shp files of administrative boundaries fof Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya. Data preprocessing include following data preparation. Initial vector data: UNEP .shp. Spatial reference properties: Africa Albers Equal Area Conic projection, standard parallels 20 and -23, central meridian 25 and Datum WGS-84, Projection GEOGRAPHIC, Spheroid CLARKE1866. Data conversion from ASCII text data format to raster using ArcToolbox / Conversion Tools / ASCII to Raster (Climate precipitation data). Data were projected, processed and several layer formatting and overlays were created. Mapping was created using ArcMap. Victoria Lake has unique environment, important role in the economy of countries supporting 25 M people through fish catchment reaching up to 90-270$ per capita per annum. Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda control 6%, 49% and 45% of the lake surface. Lake catchment provides livelihood of 1/3 of the population of 3 countries with agricultural economy supported by fishing and agriculture (tea and coffee plantations).
Interpretation of Landscape Values, Typology and Quality Using Methods of Spa...Universität Salzburg
The main result of this work consists in determined ecological significant areas of habitats that are under protection´s system of Natura 2000 Sites. The patches quantification of habitats is the partial result that influences process of determination of ecological significance. The interpretative process examines land cover patches by the set of landscape metrics for the area, size, density and shape (NP, PD, MPS, PSSD and MSI). The output values could express a spatial processes in the landscape, such as perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage or attrition. The final ecological significance of the study area-Sitno Natura 2000 site-is at degree 3, what means that the area is represented by moderately significant land cover patches-habitats. It indicates the same value as the one at the initial level. According to the value of the ecological significance, the study area has been diversified into three zones, where each one indicates specific level of conservation. The zones and the final degree of the ecological significance of habitats are retroactively compared to historical and cultural human development that started in this area as early as in 1st century BC. Theoretically, such a long period of intense human impacts on the local environment should completely destroy natural environment. Nevertheless, this area demonstrates rather good natural ecosystems conditions and well functioning ecological processes within the habitats. The human impact is now observed only in small range of size not more than 1,50% from total area of Sitno Natura 2000 Site. It can be explained, first, by low population density within the study area comparing to other EU areas, secondly, by accurate usage of the living area by the local population in general, and thirdly, by high resilience of the elements of landscapes towards any human impacts.
Mapping Land Cover Changes Using Landsat TM: a Case Study of Yamal Ecosystems...Universität Salzburg
This poster presents image processing by ILWIS GIS. It demonstrates changes in land cover types in tundra landscapes (Yamal) since 1988 to 2011. The research method is supervised classification (Minimal Distance) of the Landsat TM scenes. The new approach of the current work is application of ILWIS GIS and RS tools for Arctic, Bovanenkovo region. The poster demonstrates techniques of the remote sensing data processing by ILWIS GIS.
Economic assessment of landslide risk for the Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs region, Alp...Universität Salzburg
The research focuses on the monetary estimation of the possible losses caused by landslides. Estimation of the economic damages is performed using existing simplified methodologies. Calculations were based on real estate and market price of the elements at risk. While assessing potential damage of landslides confusion arises due to these factors. 1. First, the temporal probability of the landslides occurrence is highly difficult to assess: it can only be estimated based on the reliable and obtainable data. This includes historical data continuously reporting the occurrence of the landslides. 2. Secondly, difficulties arise by estimation of the indirect losses and partially damaged objects. The amount of the damages can be assessed based on elements vulnerability, which is very uncertain to estimate exactly. Thus, the vulnerability may differ depending on object location, individual characteristics and external factors. 3. The term “landslide” is not differentiated between debris flows and shallow or rotational landslides. This is an important source for uncertainty, as movement characteristics of these landslides are different. 4. Confusing over different method approaches in the risk assessment may generate various results: difference in magnitude and occurrence of landslides, risk perception and vulnerability assessment. The estimation of landslide risk should be based on complex investigations. The data about landslide probability should be gained from monitoring programmes. The elements at risk are defined based on spatial analysis and infrastructure inventory. The vulnerability estimation should include census data and social questionnaire. The real-life situations may vary depending on the exact price of the individual object.
Current poster presents a student assignment for the CHRIS/PROBA image processing by ENVI GIS. Study Area: Thorney Island, Chichester harbour (UK): unique wetland environment, a place for rare bird colonies. Quality of CHRIS images is affected by two types of noises: vertical noise (vertical stripes; can be corrected by comparing values of neighbouring pixels) and horizontal noise (easy to detect and correct using the horizontal profile of each file. Correction of noises can be made through DIELMO 3D Methodology. PROBA (Project for On-Board Autonomy) and CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) image was taken with characteristics: 18 bands, 07/10/2004, 17m ground resolution. To obtain a good-quality natural-coloured image of wetlands a need: nadir-taken colour CHRIS image with bands combination of corresponding spectral channels was selected and processed. Comparing images taken at +55° dgr (47A2_41) and nadir images (479F_41) right Images taken at the nadir are of good quality, while those at different angles have defects: Images taken at +36° dgr (47A0_41), left and nadir images (479F_41) right. Images taken at +36° and-36° (CHRIS 47A0_41 and CHRIS 47A1_41) both have inverted direction. Several bands were tried, processed and visualized. Spectral bands assessed and visually compared. This is a student poster as a part of MSc studies, University of Southampton.
Current poster presents a student assignment on Course: 'GEOG6038 Calibration and Validation of Earth Observation Data'. Study aim is image classification using ENVI GIS and remote sensing data aimed at national park area classification. Study area is Páramo National Park in Ecuador is known for its unique natural resources in high altitude grasslands. The ecosystems of Páramo consist mostly of rare species and are the key protected area for exceptionally high endemism. ENVI software enablesd to make an analysis of the area in 9 (nine) working steps and to produce a map based on 2 criteria: vegetation amount and altitude. Methodology includes following steps: 1) True-colour composite of the ETM+ image, bands 3,2,1; 2) Image contrast enhancement (Enhance-Gaussian); 3) SRTM-Data Upload to derive elevation model; 4) 3D surface visualization; 5) Calculating Greenness Index; 6) Creation Vegetation Layer ROI; 7) Creating Altitude Layer Zones by “Intersect Regions” for each pair of ROIs. Final altitude zones are: Lowland Vegetation (1-2500m), Subparamo Vegetation (2501-3500), Paramo Vegetation (3501-4100) and Superparamo Vegetation (4101 – 5000). These zones are shown on the map in different colors (yellow, beige, two greens) ; 8) Mapping and Design; 9) 3D-Mapping and DEM. The research was done as part of MSc studies at the University of Southampton, UK, autumn 2009.
Seagrass mapping and monitoring along the coast of Crete, GreeceUniversität Salzburg
Job interview for the Research Training Group (RTG) Baltic TRANSCOAST. topic ’B1: Impact of nutrient emissions from land on communities of macrophytes’. This research is presented at the job interview in the University of Rostock. Originally based on author's MSc thesis (2009-2011) summarizing research in marine observations using remote sensing and GIS methods. Study object is seagrass Posidonia oceanic (P. oceanica) along the coast of Crete, Greece. The most important facts about seagrass: endemic Mediterranean seagrass, P. oceanica is a main species in marine coastal environment of Greece. P. oceanica is the largest, the most widespread, homogeneous, dense “mattes” forming meadows between 5-40 m in Mediterranean Sea. Seagrass is a component of coastal ecosystems of high importance for the marine life, playing important functions in the marine environment. Seagrasses are subjects to external factors and therefore have environmental vulnerability. The study area is located in General research area: Island of Crete, Greece. Seagrass sampling will be performed at three stations at a depth of 6-7 m: Heraklio, Agia Pelagia, Xerokampos, Crete Island, Greece. The general research objectives of the MSc research includes GIS and environmental analysis: 1) Mapping the extent of the spatial distribution of seagrass P. oceanica along the northern coast of Crete; 2) Monitoring environmental changes in seagrass meadows in the selected fieldwork sites (Agia Pelagia, Xerokampos) over the 10-year period (2000-2010). There are various multi-sources data proposed for using in spatial analysis. data of the previous measurements received during the last year fieldwork, to analyze whether P.oceanica is spectrally distinct from other sea floor types, using differences in the spectral signatures on the graphs in a WASI, the Water Color Simulator software. Other data include satellite images from the open sources (Landsat TM), aerial images, Google Earth; underwater videographic measurements of 3 cameras Olympus ST 8000 made during the ship route (20 total in the selected areas of the research places) resulting in series of consequent images, covering area under the boat path; in-situ measurements of the seagrass in selected spots, using measurement frame and other devices for marine biological research for the validation of the results. Arc GIS vector layers of Crete island and surroundings (.shp files). Hypothesis testis is performed by ANOVA, SPSS. The results of WASI spectral analysis illustrating graphs of the spectral reflectance of different sea floor types (sand, P.oceanica, rocky, etc) at various depths (0.5-4 m), based on the results of 20. Precise, correct and up-to-date information about the seagrass distribution over the coasts is necessary for the sustainable conservation of marine environment.
This presentation introduces research on using geoinformation technologies for education at universities. A case study is ArcGIS 9.1. Specifically, it presents a methodology of effective teaching of a group of students based on ArcGIS. Several ArcGIS modules are presented and their functionality reviewed and highlighted: ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, ArcScene, ModelBuilder, ArcMap, ArcCatalog. Technical questions of how to better explain students data processing, data converting and modelling using ArcGIS are discussed and better pedagogical solutions are proposed. The presentation also briefly reviews the advantages of using ArcGIS by different groups of students studying at various specializations: geomorphology, cadaster, hydrology, economic geography. In this way it is stressed that using a highly functional GIS software such as ArcGIS should be learned not only by cartographers but also to wider audience of students. Presented at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Educational Studies as a graduation works for additional qualification 'University Teacher', Moscow, Russia, 2007. The presentation is given in Russian language with a TOC summary in English.
How could obligation chain be structured along cross-border gas supply for...Universität Salzburg
Research points: to measure components and linkages of legal obligations undertaken by the actors involving cross-border gas supply chain; to investigate possibility to establish a legal structure for promoting security of gas supply chain; to examine consequences of gas supply chain for government and companies; to analyze legal structures (international-domestic-contract law): entitlement vs. state responsibility as requirements for functioning/enforcing obligation chain.
The seminar presentation demonstrates research on land cover analysis in western Estonia. Study area is Pärnu region located on the western part of the country, along the coasts of Baltic Sea. The region is a valuable environmental part and a unique recreational area of Estonia. The presentation consists of two parts. The fist part presents technical workflow of the image processing by means of GIS and Lansat TM satellite imagery. Methodology is base don Arc GIS 10.0 and IDRISI GIS Andes 15.0 for image processing. The aim is to detect land cover changes using image classification by 'ISOCLUST'. Raster images processing and classification was applied for Landsat TM two images. The ISOCLUST is an unsupervised classification method in IDRISI GIS. It performs image processing workflow in semi-automatically regime. Results include 16 land cover types typical for the study area classified and visualized on the images. In 2006 the urban area became larger than in 1992 (land cover class "3" on the histogram. This can be explained by various reasons. Changes in land cover types in selected Estonian landscapes are shown on the statistical histograms on 1992 and 2006. The second part presents social analysis of the current development of tourism and recreation on Baltic Sea coasts with discussion of new directions and perspectives. Notable natural settings include mild marine climate condition and precious coniferous forests. Presentation briefly discusses historical development of the tourism in the country and gives directions on its modern development caused by active socio-economic changes since 1990s. The research is methodologically based on the author's fieldwork in the study area, literature review and analysis of the statistical graphs of the socio-economic data. The study presents photos of the Estonian landscapes.
Using K-means algorithm classifier for urban landscapes classification in Tai...Universität Salzburg
Current presentation summarizes spatial analysis studies of Taipei urban growth using ENVI GIS based image classification. The presentation consists in two parts. The first part describes the city, urban and social settings and gives a brie history of the development in 20th century. The second part is focused don the GIS based technical description of the algorithms of image analysis: classification of the multi-temporal Landsat TM series of the selected stud area of Taipei, Taiwan. Methodology aims at spatio-temporal analysis of urban dynamics in study area during 15 years (1990-2005). Research objective: application of geoinformatic tools, remote sensing data and application of methodology to spatial analysis for urban studies, a case study of Taipei. Current presentation consists in 2 parts: 1) Overview of the environmental research problem, urbanization and characteristics of Taipei. Consequences of urban sprawl for the global cities, such as Taipei; 2) Detailed technical description of the GIS part: remote sensing data capture, pre-processing, algorithm processing, image classification and spatial analysis. The spatial analysis performed by means of GIS ENVI enabled to use satellite images for social and urban studies. The spatio-temporal analysis was applied to Landsat TM images taken at 1990 and 2005. Built-in functions of the mathematical algorithms (K-means) enabled to process raster Landsat TM images and to derive information from them.
Rural Sustainability and Management of Natural Resources in Tian Shan Region,...Universität Salzburg
Current presentation introduces an analysis of the land use and current environmental situation of the Tian Shan region. Tian Shan (the ’Celestial Mountains’) is the largest high mountain systems (800,000 km2) in the World. geopolitically, Tian Shan is located in the heart of Central Asia. It crosses five densely populated countries: China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Tian Shan regions has unique ecosystems, Shrenk mountain forests and endemic species. Tian Shan is composed by large, isolated mountains, surrounded by the Tarim desert basin of north-western China, Lake Issyk Kul and deserts of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Tian Shan region is outstanding for the richness of natural resources, landscapes and ecosystems. Rare species: ca 70\% of species (both animal and plants) have specific south Asian distribution, typical for steppe and desert ecosystems. The ecosystems include numerous protected and rare species (over 4000 wild species), relicts and endemics, unique coniferous forests, rich biodiversity. The slopes of the Tian Shan mountains at altitudes 2000 to 3000m are mostly covered by precious coniferous forests of Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana), recorded in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. At the same time, the region has environmental problems such as overgrazing, deforestation, decreased species composition, soil depletion and erosion, desertification and land degradation. Current presentation demonstrates and discusses these problems.
Mapping Agricultural Lands by Means of GIS for Monitoring Use of Natural Reso...Universität Salzburg
The presentation demonstrates a technical case study of the image processing by ILWIS GIS. Study area is located in the southwestern, agricultural part of Hungary (Mecsek Hills foothill area). The landscapes of the Mecsek region represent a unique part of the Hungarian environment belonging to the Carpathian basin. However, changes in the land cover types were detected recently caused by various environmental reasons. Study aim was to compare changes in the land cover types and landscape dynamics. 3 Landsat TM images have a temporary gap of 14 years (1992-2006). The gap aimed to assess vegetation changes in the summer months (June). The study includes following methodological steps: 1) Data collection: 3 Landsat TM images; 2) Data import and conversion. 3) Data preprocessing: scenes of 1992, 1999 and 2006. 4) Making color composites from 3 Landsat TM spectral channels (multi-band layers). 5) Image segmentation and classification (clustering). 6) GIS mapping and spatial analysis. 7) Google Earth snapshot verification. 8) Results interpretation. Results analysis shown changes in the selected area detected by ILWIS GIS image classification.
Seagrass Mapping and Monitoring Along the Coasts of Crete, GreeceUniversität Salzburg
This research proposal introduces MSc thesis research. Study object is seagrass Posidonia oceanic (P. oceanica) along the coast of Crete, Greece. The most important facts about seagrass: endemic Mediterranean seagrass, P. oceanica is a main species in marine coastal environment of Greece. P. oceanica is the largest, the most widespread, homogeneous, dense “mattes” forming meadows between 5-40 m in Mediterranean Sea. Seagrass is a component of coastal ecosystems of high importance for the marine life, playing important functions in the marine environment. Seagrasses are subjects to external factors and therefore have environmental vulnerability. The study area is located in General research area: Island of Crete, Greece. Seagrass sampling will be performed at three stations at a depth of 6-7 m: Heraklio, Agia Pelagia, Xerokampos, Crete Island, Greece. The general research objectives of the MSc research includes GIS and environmental analysis: 1) Mapping the extent of the spatial distribution of seagrass P. oceanica along the northern coast of Crete; 2) Monitoring environmental changes in seagrass meadows in the selected fieldwork sites (Agia Pelagia, Xerokampos) over the 10-year period (2000-2010). There are various multi-sources data proposed for using in spatial analysis. data of the previous measurements received during the last year fieldwork, to analyze whether P.oceanica is spectrally distinct from other sea floor types, using the differences in the spectral signatures on the graphs in a WASI, the Water Color Simulator software. Other data include satellite images from the open sources (Landsat TM), aerial images, Google Earth; underwater videographic measurements of 3 cameras Olympus ST 8000 made during the ship route (ca 20 total in the selected areas of the research places) resulting in series of consequent images, completely covering the area under the boat path; in-situ measurements of the seagrass in selected spots, using measurement frame and other devices for marine biological research for the validation of the results. Arc GIS vector layers of Crete island and surroundings (.shp files). Hypothesis testis is formulated for the proposed research, questions defined, methods prepared and planned. The research work is expected to have following results : Over the northern coasts of Crete: thematic maps showing seafloor types and seagrass P.oceanica spatial distribution along the coasts of Crete. Within the fieldwork locations, Ligaria beach: monitoring the environmental changes, based on the classification of the satellite and aerial imagery and fieldwork video camera footage. Within the fieldwork locations : maps of the sea floor cover types, based on the fieldwork measurements and UVM. Results of the WASI spectral analysis illustrating graphs of the spectral reflectance of different sea floor types (sand, P.oceanica, rocky, etc) at various depths (0.5-4 m), based on the results of 20.Precise, correct and up-to-date information about th
Data Sharing, Distribution and Updating Using Social Coding Community Github ...Universität Salzburg
The presentation introduces using LaTeX and GitHub for data sharing, distribution and updating in graduate research. The questions of using, advantages and functionality of GitHub, a web-service for hosting (i.e. serving and maintenance) of IT-projects online, are discussed and screenshots of the projects are presented. The main advantages in using GitHub consists in the fact that Github allows control latest changes, discuss and discuss work with students, post comments into the text using syntax coloring add online comments. This enables to effectively collaborate for a group of students of to supervise a research thesis. Technical illustrations of the git config command of GitHub area presented. Command ’git init’ is an initiation of the project from scratch. Command ’git add files’ - selecting all files for the project. (texts, tables, graphs, maps, figures). Advantages of LaTeX for thesis writing consists in its a built-in flexible system of bibliographic cross-referencing in the list of references, which enables making automatic linking to the bib sources, as well as updating links. Examples of structuring text in a thesis by LaTeX and GitHub are presented. Mark up language was used to highlight text when writing codes with a high level of nesting, allowing to quickly navigate over the work. The presentation has a technical and methodological character and introduces using IT tools, GitHub and LaTeX in academic environments.
…
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Example of the Negative Impacts of Oil and Gas Exploration Activities Over the Marine Environment
1. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ?
Example of the Negative Impacts of Oil and Gas
Exploration Activities Over the Marine Environment
Presented at International Conference
’Geoenergy’
Grozny State Oil Technical University n.a. M.D. Millionshtchikov
Grozny, Chechnya, Russia
Polina Lemenkova
June 19-21, 2015
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 1 / 15
2. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Outline
1. Introduction
Study Area
2. Arctic
Environment
Settings
3. Barents Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
4. Pechora Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
5. Thanks
6. Bibliography
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 2 / 15
3. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Study Area
Figure 1: Source: IBCAO
Geothermal energy is a clean, environmentally friednly, renewable resource that
provides energy around the world. Heat flowing constantly from the interior of the
Earth ensure to be an inexhaustible supply of energy. However, existing traditional
sources of energy, such as oil and gas are still popular nowadays.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 3 / 15
4. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Environment
Currents
Distribution of the contaminants in the marine environment is largely dependent on the
ocean currents and physicochemical characteristics. Water-dissolved particles are
transported by snow melt and surface waters, intra-ocean currents, groundwater and
rivers.
Polar Climate
Permafrost, excessive wetting of the active layer, low temperature and long freezing
period slow down chemical and biochemical soil-forming processes in the Polar zone
Impact Factors
Atmospheric flows, river and sea currents get connected in Arctic. This cause a
long-distance possible transport of the pollutants. In view of this, Arctic is a region with
a high environmental risk of the accumulation of pollutants.
Food Chains
Food chains are main biological pathways for the selective absorption, concentration
and transfer of contaminants by plants and animals. A variety of processes upbrings
pollutants from coastal areas, atmosphere, seas and rivers. This makes Arctic flora
and fauna an objects of possible environmental pollution.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 4 / 15
5. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Settings
Arctic: small yet important
’Arctic is a kitchen of weather’. Arctic Ocean is the smallest among the oceans.
However, according to the climate data, its role in the formation of the global climate
invaluable. Sweet water formed from icebergs and coming through the surface waters
is a part of the interoceanic circulation system of ocean currents. Through circulation
system, Arctic waters are connected to the Atlantic and the World Ocean. Therefore,
oil pollution of the Arctic seas is dangerous.
Low recovery speed
Development of offshore oil fields is negative for the northern seas, due to the low
rates of the recovery processes. Chemical, biochemical and microbiological oxidation
has slow speed in the Arctic, due to low water and air temperatures. Therefore, the
pollution of the sea waters and soil of the Arctic can be higher compared to temperate
and tropical zones.
Global environmental ecosystem
The continent and sea basins are the natural components of a global environmental
ecosystem. Therefore, any changes and pollution affect functioning of the individual
parts of the ecosystem: lakes, seas, coastal areas.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 5 / 15
6. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Ecosystem
Figure 2: Graphics source: author
General
Barents Sea - marginal and the most western of the Arctic Ocean seas. Hydrologically, it is
connected with the Norwegian and Greenland seas, Central Arctic basin, Kara Sea and White Sea.
Located beyond the Arctic Circle, but directly connected with North Atlantic, it has specific climatic
conditions.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 6 / 15
7. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Geography
Specific
A characteristic feature of the Barents Sea: warm waters coming from the North
Atlantic come into contact with the cold waters of the Arctic. Permafrost, excessive
moistening of the active layer, low temperature and long freezing period slow down
chemical and biochemical soil-forming processes in the polar zone.
Examples
Bioproductivity: Barents Sea is the most highly productive north Russian seas. Water
circulation is determined by the interaction of the main two oppositely directed flows:
Atlantic and Arctic. Rich biota in the Barents Sea is explained by active light regime
during Polar summer, advantageous geographical settings and income of the warm
North Atlantic currents into the high latitudes.
Submarine Geomorphology
Vast ice fields, drifting icebergs that do not melt during the year, inhibit the
development of the wave processes. These processes in the coastal zone =>
formation of an anomalous flattened profile of the underwater coastal slope of the
Barents Sea => distribution of finely dispersed sediments not typical of the inner shelf.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 7 / 15
8. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Meteorology
Climatic Conditions
The climatic conditions of the Barents region are determined by its polar position and
the warming influence of the North Atlantic. Distribution of the precipitation is the result
of a complex interaction of the circulation processes.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 8 / 15
9. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Mapping
Figure 3: Source: Author. Mapping: ArcGIS
• Distribution of the petroleum
hydrocarbons in the bottom layer of
the Barents Sea.
• The map shows two zones of the
increased concentrations of phenols
and oil pollution: western and eastern
areas.
• Atlantic waters are the main source in
the west.
• White Sea water is the main source in
the east.
• Increased values are noted in the Kola
Bay and in the adjacent water area
• The annual inflow of oil to the marine
environment of the oceans from
various sources is ca. 1.7-8.7 M tons.
• Due to the development of the oil
fields in Arctic regions, especially in
the Barents and Kara Seas, the flow
of oil products increased.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 9 / 15
10. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Coasts
Location
Pechora Sea is a south-eastern part of the
Barents Sea.
Population
The coast of the Pechora Sea is poorly
populated. Among the settlements of the
coastal zone, the largest are Naryan-Mar,
Varandey, Vangurey in the Pechora Bay,
Korotaikha, Bugrino.
Naryan-Mar
Naryan-Mar is the capital of the Nenets
Autonomous Okrug, river port and
important transport hub on the waterway
from the Pechora region and the Northern
Sea Route.
Fishery
Pechora Bay and estuary are important
fishery areas playing important role in the
economy of the Nenets region. Recently,
fisheries here decreased in number of
salmon herds and whitefish catches.
Figure 4: Source: Author. Mapping: ArcGIS
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 10 / 15
11. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Currents
Gulf Stream
Additional source of contaminants in the
Barents Sea is the Gulf Stream system.
Ca. 1-1.5 M tons of oil products are
transported by the Gulf Stream per year.
Discharge Zones
Currents of the Gulf Stream, containing
dissolved pollutants, e.g. oil products, have
several discharge zones off the coast of
North America and Europe (Sargasso,
Norwegian and Barents Seas).
Effects of the Pechora River
The flow of the Pechora River, in addition
to contaminant transit and desalination,
determines the formation of the runoff
currents in the Pechora Bay, determining
distribution of the contaminants across the
sea.
Figure 5: Source: Web
Effects of the Pechora Sea
The opposite effect of the Pechora Sea on
the Pechora River (through the Pechora
Bay) => tidal and surging waves into the
river.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 11 / 15
12. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Environment
Determinants
Environmental settings of the Pechora Sea ecosystem are determined by physical,
geographical parameters of the biotope, and anthropogenic pressure.
River Discharge
The ecological and chemical conditions of the Pechora Sea is affected by the
discharge of the Pechora River, which flows into the Pechora Bay and transports
pollutants from the industrial regions of Komi and Nenets regions.
Examples
Technogenic Pollution Example of the pollutants associated with this type of source is
oil products, which can be considered as an example of technogenic pollution. This is
caused by the increasing oil production in offshore areas, transportation and the use of
lubricating oils and chemical products as a fuel.
Distribution
Maximum concentrations of the pollutants are localized in a surface layer: zone of the
interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. High concentrations of oil
aggregates are along the transport routes, in the shelf zones of closed seas, and in
currents of the Atlantic waters carrying pollution from Europe and NW coast of Africa.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 12 / 15
13. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
River-Sea
Pollutants Distribution
The uneven distribution of pollutants is caused by geographical location of the sources,
water circulation and vertical structure, chemical form of the pollutants in water and
their properties.
• Pechora River provides ca. 90% of the total river inflow to the Pechora Sea.
• By water runoff, it is one of the largest Arctic rivers in Russia.
• Pechora estuary is an object of intensive economic development associated with
the discovery of gas and oil fields directly in the estuary region and adjacent
areas of the Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundra.
• The route of the pollutants to the sea: natural geographic connection of of
Pechora River => Pechora Bay => Pechora Sea
Coastal Zones
The highest concentration of the pollutants: in relatively calm coastal zones, where
dumping is carried out in vast inactive areas of the open ocean, where they are carried
out from the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current and where they constantly
accumulate.
Additional Sources
Additional source of pollution of Arctic: shipping. The main source of oil pollution in the
Barents Sea: waste dumping, petroleum transportation, toxic substances, emergency
situations, global current system development of the offshore oil and gas fields.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 13 / 15
16. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
Bibliography
Author’s publications on Geography, GIS and Environment:
1 M. Klauˇco, B. Gregorová, U. Stankov, V. Markovi´c, and P. Lemenkova, “Landscape metrics as indicator for ecological significance:
assessment of Sitno Natura 2000 sites, Slovakia”, in Ecology and environmental protection, Proceedings of International Conference
(2014), pp. 85–90, http://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/103362.
2 M. Klauˇco, B. Gregorová, U. Stankov, V. Markovi´c, and P. Lemenkova, “Determination of ecological significance based on geostatistical
assessment: a case study from the Slovak Natura 2000 protected area”, Central European Journal of Geosciences 5, 28–42, ISSN:
1896-1517 (2013), https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/geo.2013.5.issue-1/s13533-012-0120-0/s13533-012-
0120-0.xml?format=INT.
3 P. Lemenkova, “Innovations in the Geoscience Research: Classification of the Landsat TM Image Using ILWIS GIS for Geographic
Studies”, in Prospects for the higher school development, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, edited by V. K. Pestis,
A. A. Duduk, A. V. Sviridov, and S. I. Yurgel (2015), pp. 60–63, ISBN: 978-985-537-068-1.
4 P. Lemenkova, “The Vulnerability and Environmental Resilience of Ecosystems in Yamal, Russian Arctic”, Russian and English, in
Problems of the sustainable development of the russian regions, Conference Proceedings, edited by L. N. Rudneva (2015),
pp. 139–141, ISBN: 978-5-9961-1040-7, https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25577830.
5 P. Lemenkova, “Importance of the Remote Sensing Image Analysis for Mapping Forest Land Cover in Šumava National Park”, in
Forestry: bridge to the future, 90 years higher forestry education in bulgaria, Book of Abstracts of the International Conference, edited
by M. Milev, P. Zhelev, K. Petkova, and M. Dimitrov (2015), pp. 70–71, ISBN: 978-954-332-134-6.
6 P. Lemenkova, “Analysis of Landsat NDVI time series for detecting degradation of vegetation”, in Geoecology and sustainable use of
mineral resources, From science to practice, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Young Scientists, edited by A. N. Petin,
P. V. Goleusov, and E. I. Makaseeva (2015), pp. 11–13, ISBN: 978-5-98242-210-1.
7 P. Lemenkova, “Satellite image based mapping of wetland tundra landscapes using ilwis gis”, Russian, in Actual problems of the state
and management of water resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, edited by A. V. Kusakin and T. N. Efimova (2015),
pp. 110–113, ISBN: 978-5-9903856-9-6, https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24613025.
8 P. Lemenkova, “Mapping agricultural lands by means of GIS for monitoring use of natural resources”, Russian, in Actual problems of the
conservation and development of biological resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, edited by I. M. Donnik,
B. A. Voronin, I. P. Zorina, and N. V. Roshchina (2015), pp. 226–229, ISBN: 978-5-87203-374-5.
9 P. Lemenkova, “Spatial Analysis for Environmental Mapping of Šumava National Park”, in 6th annual pgs conference, Conference
Abstracts (2015), p. 53, https://www.natur.cuni.cz/fakulta/zivotni-prostredi/aktuality/prilohy-a-
obrazky/konference/pgs-koference-2015-program.
10P. Lemenkova, “Processing Remote Sensing Data Using Erdas Imagine for Mapping Aegean Sea Region, Turkey”, in Informatics,
Problems, methodology, technologies, Proceedings of 15th International Conference, Vol. 3 (2015), pp. 11–15, ISBN: 5-9273-0681-0,
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26663916.
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 15 / 15
17. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
11P. Lemenkova, “Assessing and Monitoring Geoecological Status of West Turkish Landscapes for Sustainable Development: Processes,
Activities and Problems”, in Geographic aspects of the sustainable development of regions, Proceedings of the International
Conference, Vol. 2 (2015), pp. 78–81.
12P. Lemenkova, “Modelling Landscape Changes and Detecting Land Cover Types by Means of Remote Sensing Data and ILWIS GIS”,
Bulletin of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University 1 Information technologies, Problems and solutions, edited by F. U. Enikeev,
265–271, ISSN: 2500-2996 (2015), https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28416940.
13P. Lemenkova, “Analysis of Landsat NDVI time series for detecting degradation of vegetation”, in Conference ’geoecology and
sustainable use of mineral resources’ (Apr. 6, 2015).
14P. Lemenkova, “Google Earth web service as a support for GIS mapping in geospatial research at universities”, Russian and English, in
Web-technologies in the educational space, Problems, approaches, perspectives, Proceedings of the International Conference, edited
by S. V. Aryutkina and S. V. Napalkov (Mar. 2015), pp. 460–464, ISBN: 978-5-9906469-1-9,
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23426340.
15P. Lemenkova, “Satellite Image Based Mapping of Wetland Tundra Landscapes Using ILWIS GIS”, in Actual problems of the state and
management of water resources (Mar. 19, 2015).
16P. Lemenkova, “Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold Environments”, in The effects of
irrigation and drainage on rural and urban landscapes, Book of Abstracts, 1st International Symposium (2014), p. 27,
https://www.irrigation-Management.eu/.
17P. Lemenkova, “Detection of Vegetation Coverage in Urban Agglomeration of Brussels by NDVI Indicator Using eCognition Software and
Remote Sensing Measurements”, in Gis and remote sensing, Gis day, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, edited by
H. Manandyan (2014), pp. 112–119.
18P. Lemenkova, “Cost-Effective Raster Image Processing for Geoecological Analysis using ISOCLUST Classifier: a Case Study of
Estonian Landscapes”, in Modern problems of geoecology and landscapes studies, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference,
edited by A. N. Vitchenko, G. I. Martsinkevich, B. P. Vlasov, N. V. Gagina, and V. M. Yatsukhno (2014), pp. 74–76, ISBN:
978-985-476-629-4, https://www.elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/103641/1/geoconf80.pdf.
19P. Lemenkova, “Rural Sustainability and Management of Natural Resources in Tian Shan Region, Central Asia”, in International
conference ’celebrating pastoral life’, Heritage and economic develop. Proceedings International Conference, edited by F. Papageorgiou
(2014), pp. 81–89, ISBN: 978-960-6676-22-2.
20P. Lemenkova, “Opportunities for Classes of Geography in the High School: the Use of ’CORINE’ Project Data, Satellite Images and
IDRISI GIS for Geovisualization”, in Perspectives for the development of higher education, Proceedings of 7th International Conference,
edited by V. Pestis, A. A. Duduk, A. V. Sviridov, and S. I. Yurgel (2014), pp. 284–286, ISBN: 978-985-537-042-1, https:
//www.ggau.by/downloads/prints/Sbornik_72014_konferencii_perspektivy_razvitija_vysshej_shkoly.pdf.
21P. Lemenkova, “Monitoring changes in agricultural landscapes of Central Europe, Hungary: application of ILWIS GIS for image
processing”, in Geoinformatics: theoretical and applied aspects, Proceedings of 12th International Conference (2013).
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 15 / 15
18. Why
Should
We Stand
for
Geother-
mal
Energy ?
Grozny,
Chechnya,
Russia,
June
19-21,
2015.
Polina
Lemenkova
Outline
Introduction
Study Area
Arctic
Environment
Settings
Barents
Sea
Ecosystem
Geography
Meteorology
Mapping
Pechora
Sea
Coasts
Currents
Environment
River-Sea
Mapping
Thanks
Bibliography
22P. Lemenkova, “Geospatial Technology for Land Cover Analysis”, Middle East and Africa (MEA) Geospatial Digest (2013),
https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/geospatial-technology-for-land-cover-analysis/, e-magazine
(periodical).
23P. Lemenkova, “Impacts of Climate Change on Landscapes in Central Europe, Hungary”, in Current Problems of Ecology, Ecological
monitoring and management of natural protection, Proceedings of 8th International Conference, Vol. 2 (2012), pp. 134–136,
https://elib.grsu.by/katalog/173327-393652.pdf.
24P. Lemenkova, “Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin”, in Civil eng., architecture & environmental protection,
Phidac-2012, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium for Doctoral studies in the Fields of Civil Engineering, Architecture &
Environmental Protection, edited by Z. Grdic and G. Toplicic-Curcic (Sept. 2012), pp. 331–338, ISBN: 978-86-88601-05-4.
25P. Lemenkova, “Seagrass Mapping and Monitoring Along the Coasts of Crete, Greece”, M.Sc. Thesis (University of Twente, Faculty of
Earth Observation and Geoinformation (ITC), Enschede, Netherands, Mar. 8, 2011), 158 pp., https://thesiscommons.org/p4h9v.
26P. Lemenkova, “Using ArcGIS in Teaching Geosciences”, Russian, B.Sc. Thesis (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of
Educational Studies, Moscow, Russia, June 5, 2007), 58 pp., https://thesiscommons.org/nmjgz.
27P. Lemenkova, “Geoecological Mapping of the Barents and Pechora Seas”, Russian, B.Sc. Thesis (Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Faculty of Geography, Deparmnet of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Moscow, Russia, May 18, 2004), 78 pp.,
https://thesiscommons.org/bvwcr.
28P. Lemenkova, Ecological and Geographical Mapping of the Baltic Sea Region in the Gulf of Finland, Russian, Moscow, Russia:
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mar. 30, 2002, https://zenodo.org/record/2574447, Term Paper.
29P. Lemenkova and I. Elek, “Clustering Algorithm in ILWIS GIS for Classification of Landsat TM Scenes: a Case Study of Mecsek Hills
Region, Hungary”, in Geosciences and environment, Near-surface geophysics, Proceedings 3rd International Conference, edited by
S. Komatina-Petrovic (2012).
30P. Lemenkova, B. Forbes, and T. Kumpula, “Mapping Land Cover Changes Using Landsat TM: A Case Study of Yamal Ecosystems,
Arctic Russia”, in Geoinformatics: theoretical and applied aspects, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (2012),
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24527736.
31H. W. Schenke and P. Lemenkova, “Zur Frage der Meeresboden-Kartographie: Die Nutzung von AutoTrace Digitizer für die
Vektorisierung der Bathymetrischen Daten in der Petschora-See”, German, Hydrographische Nachrichten 25, 16–21, ISSN: 0934-7747
(2008).
Polina Lemenkova Why Should We Stand for Geothermal Energy ? Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, June 19-21, 2015. 15 / 15