Cloning has several potential advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include producing genetically identical individuals with desired traits, allowing otherwise infertile couples to have genetically related children, assisting homosexual couples to have children, and furthering the understanding of genetic diseases and conditions. However, cloning also poses risks like abnormal fetal development, reduced life expectancy of clones, lack of genetic diversity, and unknown long term impacts. Most countries have banned human cloning due to health and ethical concerns, though some clandestine research may still occur.

1. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
CLONING

2. • Cloning is defined as the process of producing
similar population of genetically identical
individuals that occurs in nature when organisms
such as bacteria, insects, or plants reproduce
asexually.
• Cloning in biotechnology however refers to the
processes used to create copies of DNA fragments
(molecular cloning), cells or organisms.

4. ADVANTAGES OF CLONING
1) Using the DNA from the cell of an adult with the
desired traits an infants with the same potential
may be produced.
2) A hetero sexual couple in which the husband is
completely sterile could use adult DNA cloning to
have a child.
• This technique might be more satisfactory for
them than to use sperm of another man.

5. 3) A child can be elected by two homosexual females by
adult DNA cloning rather than by artificial
insemination.
• By this technique homosexual couples can have
technically their own children.
• 4)It might make up to understand in a greater way of
the causes of miscarriages.
• This might lead to a treatment of prevent spontaneous
abortions.
• This would be of immense help for women who cannot
bring a foetus to term

6. 5)It might lead to an understanding of the
mechanisms by which implantation of a morula (a
mass of cells that has developed from a blastula)to
the wall of the uterus occurs.
This might generate new effective contraceptive
that exhibit very few side effects.

7. 6)The rapid growth of human morula similar to the
rate at which the cancer cell propagate.
It is believed that if a method is found to stop the
division of human ovum then a technique for
terminating growth of a cancer might be found.

8. 7)Parents who are known to be at risk of passing a
genetic defect to a child could make use of cloning.
• A fertilized ovum could be cloned and the
duplicated tested for the disease or disorder.
• If the clone was free of genetic defects then the
other clone would be as well.
• The latter could be implanted in the women and
allowed to mature to term.

9. 8)In conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts
are started with many ova, fertilize each with
sperm and implant all of them in the women’s
womb in the hope that one will result in
pregnancy.
• But some women can only supply a single egg ;her
chance of becoming pregnant are slim.
• Through the use of embryo cloning that might be
divisible into say 8 zygotes for implanting the
chance of those women becoming pregnant would
be much greater

10. 9)Cloning could produce a reservoir of spare parts
fertilized ova could be cloned into multiple
zygotes; one could be implanted in the women
and allowed to develop into a normal baby.
• The other zygote could be frozen for future use In
the event that the child required a bone marrow
transplant.
• one of the zygote could be taken out of storage
implanted. Allowed to mature to a baby and then
contribute some of its spare bone marrow its
(earlier) identical twin bone marrow can be
harvested from a person without injuring them

11. 10)A women could prefer to have onset of
identical twins. rather than go through two
separate pregnancies. she might prefer this for a
number of reasons.
11)It is being tried to create transgenic pigs which
have human genes. their heart /liver/kidneys
might be useable as organs transplants in
humans
12)Cloning can lead to better understanding of
genetics.

12. 13)Transgenic cattle have been produced which
produce human hormones/proteins and secrete
it along with the milk.
14)Zygote of particular gender could be
eliminated by the genetic screening test,

13. 15)A program similar to that of NAZI germany
where by humans were breed to maximize
certain traits may be financed by a country
once the perfect human is developed,
embryo cloning should be used to replicate
that individual
similar approach can be used to generate a
genetic under class for exploitation.

14. 16)There is always a possibility of killing /injuring the
embryos which is protested by prolifers.
• The mechanism by which twins naturally develop is
used for this purpose.
• It is known that in 10 out of 75 conception
• The fertilized ovum splits for some unknown
reasons and produces monozygotic (identical)twins.
• This same operation is intentionally done in a
laboratory for cloning.

15. DISADVANTAGES OF EMBRYO
CLONING
• One of many concern with human cloning is that
cloning of animals sometimes cause fetal over growth.
• The foetus grows unusually large band generally dies.
• They have under developed lungs and reduced
immunity to infection
• There are certain other factors that can also contribute
to abnormal development of clones

16. 1. There is not surety that first cloned humans
would be normal. they may be born disabled or
disorders may set later in life.
2. Cells seems to have an inbuilt defined life span.
the clones are there for, bound to have reduced
life expectancy.
3. No semen was required in the creation of dolly.
this exclude the genetic need of a males in future,

17. 4.Genetic diversity may be depleted by large scale
cloning.
5.Cloning may have long term extensive impact on
relationship.

18. • Due to these reasons, in most of the countries
cloning of humans is banned.
• But it is largely believed that some scientists
are secretly working on it.
• It is because of these Dr Steven Muller headed
panel in the US to produce preliminary cloning
guidelines.

19. • They suggested that studies be limited to the spare
embryos produced during IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
• They also recommended to terminate the studies
within 14 days of conception.
• Some may continue till 18th day, but no further
• They recommended to ban implanting human
embryos in other species ,cloned embryo to
another human being and the use of embryos for
sex selection.

20. Thankyou….