2. What is Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
3. Factors for good health
• To keep good health one must keep personal
hygiene
• And one must live in a clean and hygienic
environment , for that effective sanitation ,proper
disposal of garbage and domestic waste is
necessary .
• Personal health therefore is linked to the
community health
• Community health plays an important role in
disease prevention efforts in both the developing
world
4. Personal and community Health
•There are various factors which influence the
health of individual .
•These factors lie both within then in the
individual and also in the society in which he or
she lives
•The internal factors are mainly the genetically
makeup of person
•External factors lie in the environment to
which he or she is living
5. Factors affecting community Health
• Maintaining proper hygienic and sanitary
conditions of the environment
• Providing good socio-economic conditions
• Providing healthcare services
• Imparting health education and promoting
public awareness
• Providing proper facilities for preventing
diseases
6. Diseases and their causes
• Dis- ease is a condition that impairs the proper
functioning of the body or one of it’s part .
OR
• Any deviation from normal functioning or state of
complete physical or mental well being
• . Lack of ease; uneasiness
• Disease is the leading medical term. Disorder
mean much the same, with perhaps some slight
reference to an irregularity of the system.
7. Differences between being disease-free and
healthy
Disease - free
• It is a condition of
any kind of body
discomforts
• It depends on the
person
Healthy
• Being healthy is a
state of complete
physical ,mental and
social well being
• It depends on the
person ,his physical
surroundings , the
society and also his
or her economic
status
8. What is a Symptom?
• Any subjective evidence of disease. A
symptom is a phenomenon that is
experienced by an individual. Anxiety,
lower back pain, and fatigue are all
symptoms. They are sensations only the
patient can perceive. In contrast, a sign is
objective evidence of disease. A bloody
nose is a sign. It is evident to the patient,
doctor, nurse, and other observers
9. What does a disease look like
• A doctor always asks about the symptoms
from the patient in order to know about the
disease . Signs and symptoms only
indicate that a person is suffering from
disease . But the symptoms help doctor to
diagnose the disease . The doctor may
also get the urine , stool and blood test
done in order to know exactly what
disease the person is suffering from
10. What is the Difference Between an Acute
Disease and a Chronic Disease
• An acute disease lasts for just a short
time, but can begin rapidly and have
intense symptoms
• In contrast, a chronic disease produces
symptoms for quite some time, lasting for
three months or more. A chronic disease
is persistent. It lasts for a long period of
time and may recur
11. Difference between Chronic and acute
Acute
• Acute disease last for
a short time
• Such diseases do not
cause any major effect
on our general health
• A person suffering
from an acute disease
recovers completely
after cure
• Since acute disease
last for a short time
they do not lead to
loss of weight or
fatigue
Chronic
• Chronic disease last
for a very long time
• Such diseases have a
bad effect on our
general health and
may lead to poor
health
• A person suffering
from a chronic disease
generally does not
recover completely
• Since chronic disease
last for a long time
,they leads to the loss
of weight or fatigue
12. What are factors that cause
disease
• Intrinsic factors When the disease
causing factors exist with in the body itself
and have not reached the body from
outside or external source ,they are said to
be the intrinsic factors
• They may be genetically , hormonal ,
Metabolic disorders, organ or system
failure ,immune system malfunctioning,
allergy , and so on
13. Classification of disease
• Congenital diseases These are inborn
disease which are present since birth. They are
caused either due to genetic and chromosomal
abnormalities or due to metabolic disorder or
malfunctioning of system e.g. colorblindness
,thalassemia
• Acquired disease The diseases which are
acquires during one’s lifetime i.e. after birth .
14. Acquired diseases are of two type
• Communicable diseases
• Non- Communicable diseases
15. Communicable diseases
• Infectious pathologies are usually qualified as
contagious diseases (also called
communicable diseases) due to their potentiality
of transmission from one person or species to
another.Transmission of an infectious disease
may occur through one or more of diverse
pathways including physical contact with
infected individuals. These infecting agents may
also be transmitted through liquids, food, body
fluids, contaminated objects, airborne inhalation.
16. Non-communicable disease
• A non-communicable disease or NCD is
a disease which is not infectious. Such
diseases may result from genetic or
lifestyle factors. A Non-communicable
Disease is an illness that is caused by
something other than a pathogen. It might
result from hereditary factors, improper
diet, smoking, or other factors Those
resulting from lifestyle factors are
sometimes called diseases of affluence.
17. Some common diseases and their causes
CAUSE DISEASE
VIRUS POLIO,INFLUENJA,SMALLPOX,HERPES,DENGUE,MEAS
LES,RABIES,AIDS,
BACTERIA TUBERCULOSIS,PNEUMONIA,TETNUS, DIOARRHOEA ,
DIPTHERIA,TYPHOID,ACNE,CHOLERA ,SYPHILLIS
FUNGI FOOD POISONING , RINGWORM , CANDIDIASIS,
ATHLET’S FOO
PROTOZOA MALARIA , KALA-AZAR , SLEEPING SICKNESS ,
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY , GIRADIASIS
WORMS FILARIASIS,ELEPHANTIATIS, ASCARIES,
18. The immune system
• Most of the microorganisms that surround us do
not cause illness. This is in part due to their lack
of specific genetic information that would allow
them to cause us harm, but is mostly due to their
inability to circumvent the powerful immune
systems that most humans and animals have.
The ability to infect a human or animal requires a
significant number of genes (called virulence
factors) that help the microbe attach to its victim
and combat the immune system of the host.
19. Immunization
• Immunization, or immunisation, is the process
by which an individual's immune system
becomes fortified against an agent (known as
the immunogen).
• When an immune system is exposed to
molecules that are foreign to the body (non-self),
it will orchestrate an immune response, but it
can also develop the ability to quickly respond to
a subsequent encounter (through immunological
memory). This is a function of the adaptive
immune system. Therefore, by exposing an
animal to an immunogen in a controlled way,
their body can learn to protect itself: this is called
active immunisation.
20. • Vaccines may be dead or inactivated organisms
or purified products derived from them. While
most vaccines are created using inactivated or
attenuated compounds from micro-organisms,
synthetic vaccines are composed mainly or
wholly of synthetic peptides, carbohydrates or
antigens.
• The immune system recognizes vaccine agents
as foreign, destroys them, and 'remembers'
them. When the virulent version of an agent
comes along the body recognises the protein
coat on the virus, and thus is prepared to
respond, by neutralizing the target agent before
it can enter cells, and by recognizing and
destroying infected cells before that agent can
