Researchers have found that the standard test used for 50 years to determine the most effective antibiotic for bacterial infections is often incorrect. This test does not account for how bacteria behave in the human body compared to laboratory conditions. Studies show that bacteria can turn on resistance mechanisms depending on their surroundings, responding differently to antibiotics in lab tests versus in the body. This helps explain why some stubborn infections do not respond to the antibiotics deemed effective by the standard test. The findings suggest doctors may need to change antibiotics for infections that are not improving.

1. Why antibiotics aren't
effective
We Have Been Testing Drugs The Wrong Way, Find Researchers
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2. Contd…
For 50 years, hospitals have used a single test to decide how to treat the most
stubborn infections. But according to a growing body of research, that test is now
wrong more often than we'd thought. All because of the rise of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria that behave one way in lab tests and another way in the human body .The
findings have huge implications for how doctors fight the growing problem of so-
called superbugs, which can't be easily treated with antibiotics.The bacteria infect 2
million people each year in the US alone, and kill 23,000, according to the Centers
for Disease Control.
“We're saying the standard way the world does this is wrong,“ said Michael J
Mahan, a professor of microbiology at the University of California, Santa
Barbara.That standard protocol, established in the 1960s, is called antibiotic
susceptibility testing: Bacteria are grown in a solution called Mueller-Hinton broth,
and then attacked with various antibiotics to see which one works best. Doctors
around the world use the test to decide which antibiotic to use for which bacterial
infection.
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3. Contd…
But Mahan in August published an article in the journal EBioMedicine
that shows blind spots in the protocol, which hasn't changed much
since it was instituted as the gold standard across medical labs several
decades ago. When his team tested salmonella in the petri dishes that
labs typically use, an antibiotic called polymyxin killed the bacteria. But
when they grew salmonella in petri dishes formulated with a material
that more closely resembles the cells the bacteria infect, the antibiotic
was useless.They concluded that the bacteria's defences -essentially
the me chanisms that make superbugs “super“-can switch on or off
depending on their surroundings. The salmonella had turned on its
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4. Contd…
Another recent study led by Victor Nizet, a professor of pediatrics and
pharmacy at UC San Diego, showed a similar result. The antibiotic
susceptibility test is also how pharmaceutical companies evaluate the
effectiveness of potential new drugs. Mahan and Nizet haven't tested
their findings in human patients yet. But what they've identified is
consistent with anecdotal reports from doctors. Mahan said his
findings have immediate implications for doctors who encounter
stubborn infec ions: “If the drug doesn't work, switch the drug.“
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