White fly control uaf pakistan
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This document discusses integrated pest management practices against whitefly in cotton crops. It covers the taxonomy and identification of whitefly, symptoms of damage caused by whitefly infestation, methods for scouting whitefly populations, cultural control practices including crop rotation and weed removal, use of host plant resistance, biological control using predators and parasitoids, and chemical control options and their application rates.
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Whiteflies Integrated Pest Management
Whiteflies are small, sap-sucking insects that can damage plants by feeding and excreting honeydew. They have a wide host range and develop rapidly in warm weather. Management is difficult as whiteflies are not well controlled by insecticides. The best strategy is to prevent outbreaks by conserving natural enemies through limiting broad-spectrum insecticide use, controlling dust and ants, and removing heavily infested plant material. Yellow sticky traps can help monitor populations but not eliminate damaging numbers. Insecticidal soaps and oils may provide some control.
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This document provides information on the whitefly, a small sap-sucking insect pest that is an important vector of plant viruses. It describes the whitefly's taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, damage caused to plants, and biological control. Some key whitefly genera that are agricultural pests are mentioned. Methods of control include chemical pesticides, introduction of natural enemies like parasitic wasps, and use of companion plants that attract predators of whiteflies.
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Whitefly are small, sap-sucking insects that can damage plants by feeding on their leaves. There are two common species in Australia: the greenhouse whitefly and the silverleaf whitefly. Whitefly reproduce rapidly and excrete honeydew that can lead to sooty mold growth. Controlling whitefly populations requires using multiple integrated pest management techniques, like yellow sticky traps, vacuuming insects, disturbing plants to encourage whitefly to move, attracting natural predators, and applying organic sprays. Larger infestations may require commercial controls like predatory wasps.
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Whiteflies are small, sap-sucking insects that can damage plants by feeding and excreting honeydew. They have a wide host range and develop rapidly in warm weather. Management is difficult as whiteflies are not well controlled by insecticides. The best strategy is to prevent outbreaks by conserving natural enemies through limiting broad-spectrum insecticide use, controlling dust and ants, and removing heavily infested plant material. Yellow sticky traps can help monitor populations but not eliminate damaging numbers. Insecticidal soaps and oils may provide some control.
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This document provides information on the whitefly, a small sap-sucking insect pest that is an important vector of plant viruses. It describes the whitefly's taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, damage caused to plants, and biological control. Some key whitefly genera that are agricultural pests are mentioned. Methods of control include chemical pesticides, introduction of natural enemies like parasitic wasps, and use of companion plants that attract predators of whiteflies.
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Whitefly are small, sap-sucking insects that can damage plants by feeding on their leaves. There are two common species in Australia: the greenhouse whitefly and the silverleaf whitefly. Whitefly reproduce rapidly and excrete honeydew that can lead to sooty mold growth. Controlling whitefly populations requires using multiple integrated pest management techniques, like yellow sticky traps, vacuuming insects, disturbing plants to encourage whitefly to move, attracting natural predators, and applying organic sprays. Larger infestations may require commercial controls like predatory wasps.
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Thrips are small, winged insects in the order Thysanoptera that cause damage to many agricultural crops. Some key points:
- Thrips transmit tospoviruses in a circulative and propagative manner as they feed. Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci are two major pest species.
- They have asymmetrical mouthparts and use a unique stylet-sheath system to pierce plant tissues and feed. This can cause symptoms like leaf curling, crumbling, and discoloration.
- Life cycles include egg, two nymphal instars, prepupa, pupa and adult stages. Both nymphs and adults feed
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White flies are a major pest in greenhouse fruit crops. The warm, humid conditions in greenhouses allow whitefly populations to grow rapidly. Several whitefly species can infest fruit crops, with the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) being most common. Integrated pest management for whiteflies in greenhouses includes prevention through exclusion barriers and sanitation, monitoring with yellow sticky cards, and control using biological controls like parasitoids and predators, entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, and selective use of biopesticides or chemical pesticides.
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Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a major agricultural pest that feeds on over 250 plant species including onion, cotton, sunflower, carrot, apple, rose and citrus. It causes damage through feeding and transmission of viruses. Symptoms vary by plant but include white streaking on flowers, leaf distortion, silvering and spotting of fruits. Key predators that feed on thrips include pirate bugs of the genus Orius. Pest management involves cultural controls like removing weeds and debris and using insect screening as well as application of chemical insecticides like lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulphan, imidacloprid and profenophos.
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This document summarizes the results of a survey of thrips species in Sri Lanka conducted from 2005-2008. The survey found 72 species of thrips in 45 genera inhabiting 324 host plant species across 83 families. The most widely distributed species were Megalurothrips usitatus, Thrips palmi, and Haplothrips gowdeyi. Many of the recorded thrips species are considered major agricultural and horticultural pests. The survey identified 24 species not previously recorded in Sri Lanka and updated information on the thrips species present along with their host plants and distributions.
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1. The important insect pests of groundnut including leaf feeders like hairy caterpillars, sap feeders like aphids, and subterranean pests like termites and ants.
2. The major insect pests of mustard including the mustard sawfly whose larvae feed on leaves, and the mustard aphid which sucks plant sap.
3. Insect pests of sesame/linseed including the til leaf and pod caterpillar whose larvae feed on sesame leaves and pods.
Life cycles and damage caused by each pest is described, along with integrated pest management recommendations
Pest of Brinjal
This is the pest of Brinjal, Leucinodes arbonalis which is commonly known as shoot or fruit borer. It cause severe damage to the brinjal and other solanaceous plants and decline the crop productivity.
Pathology
1. Cumbu smut, caused by the fungus Moesziomyces penicillariae, infects pearl millet crops.
2. It has been reported worldwide, including India where it causes 5-20% yield losses.
3. Symptoms include swollen black sori replacing grains. Sporeballs are released that can infect new crops.
4. Management includes growing resistant varieties, removing infected plants, crop rotation, and fungicide application.
Pink Bollworm Management ppt
Pink bollworm is a major pest of cotton that can cause significant yield losses. It has three stages - egg, larva, and pupa. The larva is the damaging stage, feeding within cotton flower buds, bolls, and developing seeds. Damage symptoms include rosette blooms, small exit holes, stained lint, and improperly opened bolls with damaged seeds. Pink bollworm thrives under moderate temperatures and cloudy, rainy conditions. Management strategies include maintaining a host-free period during the off-season, using refugia crops, terminating the cotton crop by December, rotating crops, using short-season varieties, and integrating pesticide applications with biological control agents like parasitoids.
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1. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can exist as molds or yeasts and reproduce both sexually and asexually. They have cell walls made of chitin and can cause superficial infections of the skin and nails as well as some systemic infections.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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White fly control uaf pakistan
- 2. IPM PRACTICES AGAINST WHITEFLY Muhammad Furqan Ali 2016-ag-1832 Seminar Presentation
- 3. Content 1.TAXANOMY 2.IDENTIFICATION 3.SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE 4.PEST SCOUTING 5.CULTURAL PRACTICES 6.HOST PLANT RESISTANCE 7.BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 8.CHEMICAL CONTROL
- 4. TAXANOMY TECHNICAL NAME: Bemisia tabaci FAMILY: Aleyrodidae ORDER: Hemiptera
- 5. IDENTIFICATION These are 1.0-1.5mm long and their yellowish bodies are slightly dusted with a white waxy powder. They have two pairs of pure white wing and have prominent long hind wings.
- 6. SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGE 1. Chlorotic spots on the leaves which later coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue which extends from veins to the outer edges of the leaves. 2. Severe infestation results in premature defoliation 3. Development of sooty mold 4. Shedding of buds and bolls and poor boll opening 5. Also transmits leaf curl virus diseases of cotton. ( Schoonhoven et al., 2005)
- 7. PEST SCOUTING Scout for whiteflies by examining plant terminals and undersides of upper leaves for presence of adults and/or immatures. Record counts as percent of terminals infested.
- 8. CULTURAL METHODS 1. Crop-free periods 2. Crop residue disposal 3. Planting dates 4. Weed removal 1. Exclusion 2. Barriers 3. High planting density 1. Intercropping 2. Mulches Avoidance in time Avoidance in space Behavioural manipulation
- 13. 2. Parasitoids
- 15. Chemical Control Whitefly & Jassid collectively reached ETL during early stage of crop. Dinotefuran 20SC Dimethoate 40EC Imidacloprid 200 SL Nitenpyram 10 SL Etofenprox 30 EC Thiamethoxam 25 WG Mix with IGR Buprfoezin 20SC Pyriproxyfen 10.8EC 100 350 200 200 200 24 600 400