nematodes disease of plant ear cockle disease of wheat,molya disease of wheat and root -knot disease of vegetable

1. University of kota
NEMATODE PLANT DISEASE
Presented by:-
shyam lal Saini
M.Sc. Botany fourth sem.

2. Nematode
 study of free living and plant parasitic nematodes is
known as nematology.
 Father of nematology : H.C.Bastins.
 Nematode: It derived from two Greek worlds:
•Nema = Thread
•Oides = Like
 Means thread like organisms also known as Eelworm
or round worm because round in cross section.

3. Plant nematode disease
1. Ear cockle disease of wheat
 Pathogen :- Anguina tritici
 Frist time reported by J.T.Needham,1743.
 This Nemotode association with a Clavibactertritici
is caused yellow ear root or Tandu disease of wheat.
 The seed galls have 3000-12000 second stage
juveniles in a quiescent stage.
 it frist feed as ectoparasitically & after three
moults it becomes endoparasitic.

4. Symtoms:-
 seedling leaves are twisted and crinkled.
 seedling may stunted and die.
 plant show profuse tellering and infested plant ears
almost 30-40 days before healthly plants.
 Finally seed are replaced by galls.
 The most important character pf this nematode is
the conversion of grains in to cockles or galls.

5. Management:-
 Salt floatation: Use of 20 % salt ( brine ) solution for
washing of seed is very effective control method.
 Hot water treatment ; 54 for 10 minutes.
 Crop rotation also useful method to escape infestation of
nematode.

6. 2. Cereal cyst ( molya disease ) nematode
 Pathogen :- Heterodera avenae
 Frist time reported by Wollenweber, 1924.
 Females have zig-zag pattern or lace like pattern
on body known as cyst wall pattern.
Symptoms:-
 Plants are small in leanth and large patches, or larger
areas up to several acres or entire fields are stunted
and chlorotic.

7.  Roots are locally thickened and highly branched.
 If the frequecy of nematodes are hing in the field than
cultivated plant density are less .

8. Managment :-
 crop rotation with mustard ,chicj pea is most
effective control because it is very host specific .
 Early sowing escape to damage.
 Deep ploghing is destroyed quiescent eggs of
nematods.
 Grow resistant varieties e.g.for wheat : Raj MR-1

9. 3. Knot – root disease of vagetable
 Pathogan :- Meloidogyne spp.
 Frist reported by Barkley 1855 from cucumber.
 In India it reported by Barber in 1909 on tea (kerala).
 Means melon and apple shaped female .
 In meloidogyne the perineal pattern present on vulva-
anus which is helpful in species identification.
 Sex differentiales occurs in late second juvenile stage
where the genital primordial is become ‘ V ‘ shaped in
female and ‘ T ‘ shaped in male .
 second juvenile is only infective stage in meloidogyne.

10.  ‘ Spike tail ‘ in meloidogyne : it is succeeding molting
of second , third and fourth stage juveniles of
meloidogyne spp.
 Most of species of meloidogyne completed life cycle
within in 25 days at 25-30 and 7-8 overlapping
generation completed in a year.
Symptoms :-
 The reaction to the entrance of the larvae is the
development of hypertrophy of cortical cells and
formed 6-10 giant cells from which it derives food .

11. 
 Nematode secrete protease enzyme results break down
protein into amino acid (tryptophan) which is a ‘precursor
of IAA’ is important and responsible for creating
hormonal imbalance at site of reaction. Due to excess
IAA formation at feeding site cause gall/knot on roots.

12.  Deep ploughing in may-june is very effective to kill
quiescent Juvenile2 stage.
Control:-
 Grow resistant varieties:-
o for tomato = Hissar lalit,SL-120
o For brinjil = Black beauty , Neelkantha
 Biological control of meloidogyne:
o Fungus : Paecilomyces lilaeinus
o Bacteria : Pateuria penatrans
o BT. KURSKTAKI:-also effective against meloidogyne
spp.