When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, w.pdf
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What would you consider to be a successful information system implementation? In 3-to-5 sentences. Why. Solution System implementation attempts offer strange challenges to information technology experts and the Organizations impacted by the implementations. A winning implementation can reap huge rewards in Organizational forces and efficiencies. A breakdown can use up an association of people, funds and vitality. As a result, many populaces have puzzled over the reasons for the achievements and failures knowledgeable with these Implementations. This paper inspects these puzzling as presented through scholarly investigate and first-hand accounts of system implementations in institutions of higher culture and discovers that many responds lie outside the limits of technology..
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Evidence for symmetric chromosomal inversions around the replication origin i...
Open access paper from Genome Biology on genome inversions in bacteria and archaea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whole-genome comparisons can provide great insight into many aspects of biology. Until recently, however, comparisons were mainly possible only between distantly related species. Complete genome sequences are now becoming available from multiple sets of closely related strains or species.
RESULTS: By comparing the recently completed genome sequences of Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to those of closely related species - Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively - we have identified an unusual and previously unobserved feature of bacterial genome structure. Scatterplots of the conserved sequences (both DNA and protein) between each pair of species produce a distinct X-shaped pattern, which we call an X-alignment. The key feature of these alignments is that they have symmetry around the replication origin and terminus; that is, the distance of a particular conserved feature (DNA or protein) from the replication origin (or terminus) is conserved between closely related pairs of species. Statistically significant X-alignments are also found within some genomes, indicating that there is symmetry about the replication origin for paralogous features as well.
CONCLUSIONS: The most likely mechanism of generation of X-alignments involves large chromosomal inversions that reverse the genomic sequence symmetrically around the origin of replication. The finding of these X-alignments between many pairs of species suggests that chromosomal inversions around the origin are a common feature of bacterial genome evolution.
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on organisms. a. What
environments lead to the development of an \'open\' pan-genome? What conditions lead to a
\'closed\' pan-genome? b. Why do bacteria of a single species have genes that other members of
the same species do not?
Solution
Pan genome is the entire set of genes of all the strains of a species it includes genes present in all
the strains and the dreams present only in some strains. Pan genome can be defined as open or
closed based on the capability of the species to acquire exogenous DNA and to possess large
amount of rRNA. These species with open pangenome tend to have large genome and contain
open genes where there is high rate of genes transfer and several ribosomal Operon.
Some bacterial species may have unlimited large genes repertoire or open pangenome and other
species may have limited by maximum number of genes in their gene pool called closed
pangenome.
In open Pan genome species the number of genes of The species increases with the number of
additionally sequence d strrains species which live in multiple environment of different microbial
communities have chances for exchanging genetic material and hence continuously changed a set
of genes example E.coli.
In closed pangenome after some sequenced strains additional strains don\'t provide new genes to
the species this pangenome is typical for species that live in isolated niches with Limited access
to global microbial genen pool example bacillus anthracis.
B. For example different strains of the pathogen pseudomonas syringae have different host range
and their remarkably have different genomes due to differences in the virulence genes in their
genomes. The ecological niche determines the evolution of the gene content of an organism that
for the largest genomic differences observed among the strains of a species could be the outcome
of Differential evolution of those species in response to different ecological habitats..
What do viral genomes look like compared to those of living organism.pdf
What do viral genomes look like compared to those of living organisms? Why is their genome so
small? What do prokaryotic genomes look like compared to those of eukaryotes? (review the five
points in the powerpoint discussion) Why is there such a strong correlation between genome size
and gene number among prokaryotes? What is a plasmid and what role do they play in bacterial
genome evolution? Horizontal Gene Transfer What does gene order tell us about the frequency
of genome rearrangement in prokaryotes?
Solution
Viral Genome Vs. Living Organism\'s Genome Characteristics VIRUS LIVING ORGANISM
NUCLEIC ACID DNA/RNA DNA REPLICATION ENZYMES USE HOST\'S ENZYME
PRESENT GENOME SIZE SMALL LARGE GENOME MODIFICATIONS ABSENT
PRESENT SEGMENTS MONO/MULTI-PARTITE -NA- viruses have small genome size
because of high mutation rate in larger genomes, to avoid erors during multiplication the size of
genome is reduced. Prokaryotic genome Vs Eukaryotic genomes characteristics prokaryote
eukaryote ploidy haploid diploid origin of replication single multiple chromosome shape,number
circular, single linear, multiple nuclear membrane, nucleus nucleoid, no membrane present
introns absent present size small with no different regions large with distinct regions in
prokaryotes, there is strong correlation between genome size and gene number because
prokaryotes contain total coding genes no extra non coding region as seen in eukaryotes thus
there is a positive correlation. Plasmid is a extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria which can
replicate it self independently from cellular DNA. it is involved in transfer of bacterial genes to
other bacteria (horizontal gene transfer) thus facilitate recombination between genes and new
genetic combination. gene order are conserved in prokaryotes, but introduction of new genes by
horizontal gene transfer changes gene order. thus, changes mong conserved sequence can tell
about the rearrangement between genes on chromosome..
Recommended
Evidence for symmetric chromosomal inversions around the replication origin i...
Open access paper from Genome Biology on genome inversions in bacteria and archaea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whole-genome comparisons can provide great insight into many aspects of biology. Until recently, however, comparisons were mainly possible only between distantly related species. Complete genome sequences are now becoming available from multiple sets of closely related strains or species.
RESULTS: By comparing the recently completed genome sequences of Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to those of closely related species - Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively - we have identified an unusual and previously unobserved feature of bacterial genome structure. Scatterplots of the conserved sequences (both DNA and protein) between each pair of species produce a distinct X-shaped pattern, which we call an X-alignment. The key feature of these alignments is that they have symmetry around the replication origin and terminus; that is, the distance of a particular conserved feature (DNA or protein) from the replication origin (or terminus) is conserved between closely related pairs of species. Statistically significant X-alignments are also found within some genomes, indicating that there is symmetry about the replication origin for paralogous features as well.
CONCLUSIONS: The most likely mechanism of generation of X-alignments involves large chromosomal inversions that reverse the genomic sequence symmetrically around the origin of replication. The finding of these X-alignments between many pairs of species suggests that chromosomal inversions around the origin are a common feature of bacterial genome evolution.
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on organisms. a. What
environments lead to the development of an \'open\' pan-genome? What conditions lead to a
\'closed\' pan-genome? b. Why do bacteria of a single species have genes that other members of
the same species do not?
Solution
Pan genome is the entire set of genes of all the strains of a species it includes genes present in all
the strains and the dreams present only in some strains. Pan genome can be defined as open or
closed based on the capability of the species to acquire exogenous DNA and to possess large
amount of rRNA. These species with open pangenome tend to have large genome and contain
open genes where there is high rate of genes transfer and several ribosomal Operon.
Some bacterial species may have unlimited large genes repertoire or open pangenome and other
species may have limited by maximum number of genes in their gene pool called closed
pangenome.
In open Pan genome species the number of genes of The species increases with the number of
additionally sequence d strrains species which live in multiple environment of different microbial
communities have chances for exchanging genetic material and hence continuously changed a set
of genes example E.coli.
In closed pangenome after some sequenced strains additional strains don\'t provide new genes to
the species this pangenome is typical for species that live in isolated niches with Limited access
to global microbial genen pool example bacillus anthracis.
B. For example different strains of the pathogen pseudomonas syringae have different host range
and their remarkably have different genomes due to differences in the virulence genes in their
genomes. The ecological niche determines the evolution of the gene content of an organism that
for the largest genomic differences observed among the strains of a species could be the outcome
of Differential evolution of those species in response to different ecological habitats..
What do viral genomes look like compared to those of living organism.pdf
What do viral genomes look like compared to those of living organisms? Why is their genome so
small? What do prokaryotic genomes look like compared to those of eukaryotes? (review the five
points in the powerpoint discussion) Why is there such a strong correlation between genome size
and gene number among prokaryotes? What is a plasmid and what role do they play in bacterial
genome evolution? Horizontal Gene Transfer What does gene order tell us about the frequency
of genome rearrangement in prokaryotes?
Solution
Viral Genome Vs. Living Organism\'s Genome Characteristics VIRUS LIVING ORGANISM
NUCLEIC ACID DNA/RNA DNA REPLICATION ENZYMES USE HOST\'S ENZYME
PRESENT GENOME SIZE SMALL LARGE GENOME MODIFICATIONS ABSENT
PRESENT SEGMENTS MONO/MULTI-PARTITE -NA- viruses have small genome size
because of high mutation rate in larger genomes, to avoid erors during multiplication the size of
genome is reduced. Prokaryotic genome Vs Eukaryotic genomes characteristics prokaryote
eukaryote ploidy haploid diploid origin of replication single multiple chromosome shape,number
circular, single linear, multiple nuclear membrane, nucleus nucleoid, no membrane present
introns absent present size small with no different regions large with distinct regions in
prokaryotes, there is strong correlation between genome size and gene number because
prokaryotes contain total coding genes no extra non coding region as seen in eukaryotes thus
there is a positive correlation. Plasmid is a extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria which can
replicate it self independently from cellular DNA. it is involved in transfer of bacterial genes to
other bacteria (horizontal gene transfer) thus facilitate recombination between genes and new
genetic combination. gene order are conserved in prokaryotes, but introduction of new genes by
horizontal gene transfer changes gene order. thus, changes mong conserved sequence can tell
about the rearrangement between genes on chromosome..
1. Choose the best answer for each statmentquestion.a.) Which sta.pdf
1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question.
a.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the
pathogenic version PrPSc
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral
particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?
Temperate phages don\'t immediately kill their hosts.
c.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. Why is this hypothesis stronger with respect to
prokaryotic cells than if large, complex eukaryotic organisms had been involved?
In eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction, great genetic diversity can be accomplished
through crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
d.) Why do some bacteriophages, like X174, using rolling circle replication instead of the
bidirectional replication?Persistent infections always lead to cell lysis, while latent infections
never lead to cell lysis.In a latent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral
particles slowly. In a persistent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not
replicating and creating new viral particles.Persistent infections can cause transformation of the
host cell, which can lead to the development of cancer. Latent infections do not cause
transformation.
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new
viral particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?Temperate phages are capable of lysogeny and their
genetic material can be integrated into the host genome, causing damage rather than increasing
fitness.Virulent phages are capable of lysogeny and their genetic.
Comparative genomics.pdf
Comparative genomics: Genomic features are compared, evolutionary relationship
The major principle of comparative genomics is that common features of two organisms will often be encoded within the DNA that is evolutionarily conserved between them. orthologous sequences,
Started as soon as the whole genomes of two organisms became available (that is, the genomes of the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma genitalium) in 1995, comparative genomics is now a standard component of the analysis of every new genome sequence. comparative genomics studies of small model organisms (for example the model Caenorhabditis elegans and closely related Caenorhabditis briggsae) are of great importance to advance our understanding of general mechanisms of evolution
Computational tools for analyzing sequences and complete genomes. Application of comparative genomics in agriculture and medicine.
Genome <imran>
A complete set of chromosomes/genes inherited as a unit from one parent called genome. The entire genetic complement of a living organism.
The total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences. The genome of eukaryotes is made up of a single, haploid set of chromosomes that is contained in the nucleus of every cell and exists in two copies in the chromosomes of all cells except reproductive and red blood cells. The human genome is made up of about 35,000 genes.
ppt of Bacterial genetic system
conjugation, transformation, transduction, plasmids, delbruck and luria fluctuation test
Trends in evolution by faunafondness
Trends in evolution :- synopsis :- 1. INTRODUCTION
( DEFINITION OF EVOLUTION)
2.TRENDS IN EVOLUTION
3. DEFINITION OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
4.GENE EVOLUTION
*Mutation
*Horizontal gene transfer
*Sexual reproduction
5.EVOLUTION OF GENE FAMILIES
(Kind of gene families)
For more you can refer to www.faunafondness.com
Methods for producing transgenic animals
Different methods of producing transgenic animals- Microinjection, ES cell mediated gene transfer and retroviral mediated gene transfer
Conserved Sequence INDELS
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVED SEQUENCE INDELS (SIGNATURES) FOR UNDERSTANDING MICROBIAL CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY. Importance of INDELS in humans, with uses as well as limitations both in humans and microbes. There is use of Molecular systematic approach towards identification and classification.
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic res.pdf
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic resistant strains of bacteria?A. It
increases the rate of beneficial mutations within a population of bacteria.
Solution
The horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic resistant strains of bacteria, as It
increases the speed with which bacteria can adapt because they may have gotten resistance genes
from another species already.
Three main mechanism of horizontal transfer of gene occurs are transformation, transduction or
conjugation.
Transformation involves uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable
bacteria.
In transduction, DNA transfer occurs from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages.
In conjugation, transfer of genetic material occurs between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell
contact or by a bridge-like connection between two bacterial cells..
Genetics of bacteria PPT.pptx
Bacterial genetics is the study of the mechanisms of heritable information in bacteria, their chromosomes, plasmids, transposons and phages. Techniques that have enabled this discipline are culture in defined media, replica plating, mutagenesis, transformation, conjugation and transduction.
Exercise 1 (10 Points) Define a FixdLenStringList class that encaps.pdf
EX 25-15 Decision on accepting additional business Brightstone Tire and Rubber Company has
capacity to produce 170,000 tires. Brightstone presently produces and sells 130,000 tires for the
North American market at a price of $175 per tire. Brightstone is evaluating a special order from
a European automobile com- pany, Euro Motors. Euro is offering to buy 20,000 tires for $116
per tire. Brightstone\'s accounting system indicates that the total cost per tire is as follows: OBJ.
1 $ 56 Direct materials Direct labor Factory overhead (60% variable) Selling and administrative
expenses (45% variable) Total 25 26 $129 Brightstone pays a selling commission equal to 5% of
the selling price on North Ameri- can orders, which is included in the variable portion of the
selling and administrative expenses. However, this special order would not have a sales
commission. If the order was accepted, the tires would be shipped overseas for an additional
shipping cost of $7.50 per tire. In addition, Euro has made the order conditional on receiving
European safety certification. Brightstone estimates that this certification would cost $165,000.
a. Prepare a differential analysis dated January 21 on whether to reject (Alternative 1) or accept
(Alternative 2) the special order from Euro Motors. b. What is the minimum price per unit that
would be financially acceptable to Brightstone?
Solution
1.
2.Differential AnalysisReject Order (Alt. 1) or Accept Order (Alt.2)January 21Reject
OrderAccept OrderDifferential Effect on Income(Alternative 1)(Alternative 2)(Alternative
2)Revenues 22,750,000 25,070,000
2,320,000(130000*175)(130000*175)+(20000*116)CostsDirect Materials
7,280,000 8,400,000 1,120,000(130000*56)(150000*56)Direct
Labor 2,860,000 3,300,000
440,000(130000*22)(150000*22)Variable Factory Overhead 1,950,000
2,250,000 300,000(60% of
25)(130000*60%*25)(150000*60%*25)Variable Selling and Admin Expenses15210001580000
59,000(45% of 26)(130000*45%*26)(130000*45%*26)+(20000*2.95Shipping cost
- 150,000
150,000(20000*7.5)Certification cost -
165,000 165,000Income (Loss) 9,139,000
9,225,000 86,000Bright stone should accept the special order from Euro Motors.
Describe the procedure you would use in the laboratory to determine .pdf
Describe how relational databases are used in OLAP analysis, data mining, and E-commerce
website applications.
Solution
Relational DataBase Management System used for OLTP Database Systems:
OLAP with relational data base called ROLAP ROLAP works directly with relational databases
management system. The base data and the dimension tables are stored as relations and new
relations are created to hold the aggregated data. It depends on a specialized design schema. This
methodology relies on manipulating the information stored in the relational database to give the
appearance of traditional OLAP\'s slicing and dicing functionality.
When Data mining use RDBMS(Relational DataBase Management System) We called
Relational data mining Data mining algorithms look for patterns in information. Relational data
mining (RDM) scheams are based on inductive logic programming , find patterns that involve
relation tables from a relational database.
Ecommerce entrepreneurs: It use relational databases work business decisions
Selecting shopping cart software and hiring one web developer over another..
More Related Content
Similar to When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, w.pdf
1. Choose the best answer for each statmentquestion.a.) Which sta.pdf
1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question.
a.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the
pathogenic version PrPSc
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral
particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?
Temperate phages don\'t immediately kill their hosts.
c.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. Why is this hypothesis stronger with respect to
prokaryotic cells than if large, complex eukaryotic organisms had been involved?
In eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction, great genetic diversity can be accomplished
through crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
d.) Why do some bacteriophages, like X174, using rolling circle replication instead of the
bidirectional replication?Persistent infections always lead to cell lysis, while latent infections
never lead to cell lysis.In a latent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral
particles slowly. In a persistent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not
replicating and creating new viral particles.Persistent infections can cause transformation of the
host cell, which can lead to the development of cancer. Latent infections do not cause
transformation.
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new
viral particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?Temperate phages are capable of lysogeny and their
genetic material can be integrated into the host genome, causing damage rather than increasing
fitness.Virulent phages are capable of lysogeny and their genetic.
Comparative genomics.pdf
Comparative genomics: Genomic features are compared, evolutionary relationship
The major principle of comparative genomics is that common features of two organisms will often be encoded within the DNA that is evolutionarily conserved between them. orthologous sequences,
Started as soon as the whole genomes of two organisms became available (that is, the genomes of the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma genitalium) in 1995, comparative genomics is now a standard component of the analysis of every new genome sequence. comparative genomics studies of small model organisms (for example the model Caenorhabditis elegans and closely related Caenorhabditis briggsae) are of great importance to advance our understanding of general mechanisms of evolution
Computational tools for analyzing sequences and complete genomes. Application of comparative genomics in agriculture and medicine.
Genome <imran>
A complete set of chromosomes/genes inherited as a unit from one parent called genome. The entire genetic complement of a living organism.
The total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences. The genome of eukaryotes is made up of a single, haploid set of chromosomes that is contained in the nucleus of every cell and exists in two copies in the chromosomes of all cells except reproductive and red blood cells. The human genome is made up of about 35,000 genes.
ppt of Bacterial genetic system
conjugation, transformation, transduction, plasmids, delbruck and luria fluctuation test
Trends in evolution by faunafondness
Trends in evolution :- synopsis :- 1. INTRODUCTION
( DEFINITION OF EVOLUTION)
2.TRENDS IN EVOLUTION
3. DEFINITION OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
4.GENE EVOLUTION
*Mutation
*Horizontal gene transfer
*Sexual reproduction
5.EVOLUTION OF GENE FAMILIES
(Kind of gene families)
For more you can refer to www.faunafondness.com
Methods for producing transgenic animals
Different methods of producing transgenic animals- Microinjection, ES cell mediated gene transfer and retroviral mediated gene transfer
Conserved Sequence INDELS
IDENTIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVED SEQUENCE INDELS (SIGNATURES) FOR UNDERSTANDING MICROBIAL CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY. Importance of INDELS in humans, with uses as well as limitations both in humans and microbes. There is use of Molecular systematic approach towards identification and classification.
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic res.pdf
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic resistant strains of bacteria?A. It
increases the rate of beneficial mutations within a population of bacteria.
Solution
The horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic resistant strains of bacteria, as It
increases the speed with which bacteria can adapt because they may have gotten resistance genes
from another species already.
Three main mechanism of horizontal transfer of gene occurs are transformation, transduction or
conjugation.
Transformation involves uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable
bacteria.
In transduction, DNA transfer occurs from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages.
In conjugation, transfer of genetic material occurs between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell
contact or by a bridge-like connection between two bacterial cells..
Genetics of bacteria PPT.pptx
Bacterial genetics is the study of the mechanisms of heritable information in bacteria, their chromosomes, plasmids, transposons and phages. Techniques that have enabled this discipline are culture in defined media, replica plating, mutagenesis, transformation, conjugation and transduction.
Similar to When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, w.pdf (20)
1. Choose the best answer for each statmentquestion.a.) Which sta.pdf
1. Choose the best answer for each statmentquestion.a.) Which sta.pdf
bacterialgeneticsystemfinal-151114160717-lva1-app6891.pdf
bacterialgeneticsystemfinal-151114160717-lva1-app6891.pdf
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic res.pdf
How does horizontal transfer affect the evolution of anti-biotic res.pdf
More from fms12345
Exercise 1 (10 Points) Define a FixdLenStringList class that encaps.pdf
EX 25-15 Decision on accepting additional business Brightstone Tire and Rubber Company has
capacity to produce 170,000 tires. Brightstone presently produces and sells 130,000 tires for the
North American market at a price of $175 per tire. Brightstone is evaluating a special order from
a European automobile com- pany, Euro Motors. Euro is offering to buy 20,000 tires for $116
per tire. Brightstone\'s accounting system indicates that the total cost per tire is as follows: OBJ.
1 $ 56 Direct materials Direct labor Factory overhead (60% variable) Selling and administrative
expenses (45% variable) Total 25 26 $129 Brightstone pays a selling commission equal to 5% of
the selling price on North Ameri- can orders, which is included in the variable portion of the
selling and administrative expenses. However, this special order would not have a sales
commission. If the order was accepted, the tires would be shipped overseas for an additional
shipping cost of $7.50 per tire. In addition, Euro has made the order conditional on receiving
European safety certification. Brightstone estimates that this certification would cost $165,000.
a. Prepare a differential analysis dated January 21 on whether to reject (Alternative 1) or accept
(Alternative 2) the special order from Euro Motors. b. What is the minimum price per unit that
would be financially acceptable to Brightstone?
Solution
1.
2.Differential AnalysisReject Order (Alt. 1) or Accept Order (Alt.2)January 21Reject
OrderAccept OrderDifferential Effect on Income(Alternative 1)(Alternative 2)(Alternative
2)Revenues 22,750,000 25,070,000
2,320,000(130000*175)(130000*175)+(20000*116)CostsDirect Materials
7,280,000 8,400,000 1,120,000(130000*56)(150000*56)Direct
Labor 2,860,000 3,300,000
440,000(130000*22)(150000*22)Variable Factory Overhead 1,950,000
2,250,000 300,000(60% of
25)(130000*60%*25)(150000*60%*25)Variable Selling and Admin Expenses15210001580000
59,000(45% of 26)(130000*45%*26)(130000*45%*26)+(20000*2.95Shipping cost
- 150,000
150,000(20000*7.5)Certification cost -
165,000 165,000Income (Loss) 9,139,000
9,225,000 86,000Bright stone should accept the special order from Euro Motors.
Describe the procedure you would use in the laboratory to determine .pdf
Describe how relational databases are used in OLAP analysis, data mining, and E-commerce
website applications.
Solution
Relational DataBase Management System used for OLTP Database Systems:
OLAP with relational data base called ROLAP ROLAP works directly with relational databases
management system. The base data and the dimension tables are stored as relations and new
relations are created to hold the aggregated data. It depends on a specialized design schema. This
methodology relies on manipulating the information stored in the relational database to give the
appearance of traditional OLAP\'s slicing and dicing functionality.
When Data mining use RDBMS(Relational DataBase Management System) We called
Relational data mining Data mining algorithms look for patterns in information. Relational data
mining (RDM) scheams are based on inductive logic programming , find patterns that involve
relation tables from a relational database.
Ecommerce entrepreneurs: It use relational databases work business decisions
Selecting shopping cart software and hiring one web developer over another..
CHEM 1011 Discussion question 2ObjectiveTo learn more about the .pdf
Chapter 3, Testbank, Question 23 Leon Royal Hotel was the first inn in the county of Belvore. It
had started out as a small investment with seven rooms, providing bed and breakfast in 1949 to
many travelers who came to Belvore. Another inn called Meltown Inn started out a decade after
Leon Royal Hotel. After 20 years of giving unique and satisfying service to its customers, Leon
Royal Hotels was well established as a large hotel with more than 1,500 rooms. The facilities and
services provided by the hotel made it one of the best hotels in the Belvore, while Meltown Inn
started losing profits and eventually shut down in 1968 because of providing bad service. Which
of the following factors of inimitability is explained in this scenario? Tacit knowledge Path
dependence Casual ambiguity Complexity
Solution
D. Complexity
how ?
Tacit knowledge is having a knowledge that can\'t be passed down or transferred by verbal or
written communication like how to speak languages etc.
Path dependence is role of historical events and opportunities .
Casual ambiguity is when the relationship between a resource and it\'s application or use can\'t be
understood.
Complexity is highly inimitable because social relations and relationships with customers can\'t
be imitated.
Since the statement is about complexity as unique and service offered by Leon royal hotel
couldn\'t be copied,option D is the answer ..
Could you implement this please. I was told to use pointers as the d.pdf
Costs and MC The figure to the right shows short-run cost and demand curves for a
monopolistically competitive firm in the footwear market. revenue ATC AVC P. Which of the
following statements describes the best course of action for the firm depicted in the diagram?
The firm should minimize its losses by producing o, units and charging a price of Po The firm
should exit the industry because its price is less than its average total cost The firm should
minimize its losses by producing O A. Demand O B. MA O C. Quantity , units and charging a
price of 2 The firm should minimize its losses by producing Q, units and charging a price of P1
O D. Click to select your answer
Solution
A monopolistically competitive firm maximizes profit or minimizes loss when it produce that
level of output corresponding to which MR curve intersects MC curve.
The given figure shows that MR curve is intersecting MC curve corresponding to QY level of
output.
Corresponding to this level of output, Price is P1, ATC is P2, and AVC is P0.
Since, price is less than ATC, firm is incurring a loss.
However, price is greater than AVC.
So,
Best course of action for firm in short-run is to remain in operation and minimize its losses by
producing QY units and charging a price of P1.
Hence, the correct answer is the option (D)..
A piece of malware is running on a Windows 7 machine via process inj.pdf
A person who decides to buy or sell securities based on publicly available information and
analysts is called a(n) trader block public Informed Inside Normal
Solution
The informed trader uses the extraneous information source to seek statistical arbitrage
opportunities, while at the same time accommodating the additional risk. The amount of
information available to the general market participant concerning the asset return is measured
by the mutual information of the asset price and the associated cash flow. The worth of the
additional information source is then measured in terms of the difference of mutual information
between the general market participant and the informed trader. This difference is shown to be
nonnegative when the signal-to-noise ratio of the information flow is known in advance. Explicit
trading strategies leading to statistical arbitrage opportunities, taking advantage of the additional
information, are constructed, illustrating how excess information can be translated into profit.
Company names Aerial Drones Surveillance Inc. Your company descript.pdf
Client / Server using named pipes with threads and fork() in C/C++
**Note** You will need to write a client program and a server program for this question to be
correct. **
**Cannot use socket**
client
the client application that will get the command from the user and pass the command to be
executed from the command line, parses the command and puts a binary representation of the
parse into a shared memory segment. At this point, the client will listen on the read size of a
named pipe to get the output from the command. Display this information on standard output.
server
the server application will listen for requests from clients in shared memory, process these
requests when it receives them from the client, and return data back to the client over the
connection. The server must be able to handle multiple connections at the same time.
The client and server need to communicate with each other using shared memory and named
pipes. For each new request in shared memory, the server should start up a new thread. This
thread will need to start a new thread for each command; this thread will need to use fork() and
exec() to launch the new process for the command to be executed. You will need to keep track of
which client has started the connection (the contents of the shared memory will need to include
an indication of which client started the process).
Client / Server using named pipes with threads and fork() in C/C++
**Note** You will need to write a client program and a server program for this question to be
correct. **
**Cannot use socket**
client
the client application that will get the command from the user and pass the command to be
executed from the command line, parses the command and puts a binary representation of the
parse into a shared memory segment. At this point, the client will listen on the read size of a
named pipe to get the output from the command. Display this information on standard output.
server
the server application will listen for requests from clients in shared memory, process these
requests when it receives them from the client, and return data back to the client over the
connection. The server must be able to handle multiple connections at the same time.
The client and server need to communicate with each other using shared memory and named
pipes. For each new request in shared memory, the server should start up a new thread. This
thread will need to start a new thread for each command; this thread will need to use fork() and
exec() to launch the new process for the command to be executed. You will need to keep track of
which client has started the connection (the contents of the shared memory will need to include
an indication of which client started the process).
Client / Server using named pipes with threads and fork() in C/C++
**Note** You will need to write a client program and a server program for this question to be
correct. **
**Cannot use socket**
client
the client application that will get the command from th.
2. The Lorenz curve measures inequality in person income distribution.pdf
2. (15 points) For the tal For the rational functions below, find all zeros, holes, vertical
asymptotes, and the long-run havior. If the function does not have a vertical asymptote or hole
please indicate so. (a) f(1) = Zeros: Vertical Asymptotes: Holes: Long-Run Behavior: (x+1)(x +
3) (b) f(x) =- - 4x(+ 3) Zeros: Vertical Asymptotes: Holes: Long-Run Behavior:
Solution
a) f(x) = ( x^2 - 9 ) / x^3
zeros are
x^2 - 9 = 0
x^2 = 9
x = + - 3
zeros ( 3,0) and (-3,0)
vertical asymptotes are
x = 0
holes - none
long run behaviour
f(x) = x^2 / x^3 = 1/x
so , as x tends to + - infinity f(x) will tend to 1/x
b) f(x) = ( x+1)^2 ( x+3) / - 4x ( x+3)
zeros are
( x+1)^2 = 0
x = -1
zero is (-1,0)
vertical asymptotes are
x = 0
holes are x = -3
long run behaviour f(x) = x^3 / -4x^2
f(x) = -x /4
the graph will behave like f(x) = -x/4 for larger values.
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10. Identify and discuss the goods oriented remedies of the seller and the buyer 11. ldentify and
discuss the moncy oriented damages of the seller and the buyer 12 identify and discuss the
\"specific performance\" remedies of the seller and buyer.
Solution
Q. 10) Goods oriented remedies of a buyer are as follows
1) When seller became insolvent and buyer wants to recover the goods purchased
In this case , When seller has paid first installment of proice so now he has booked special
property interest in the identified good and seller became insolvent within 10 days following first
receipt of price then to get the good from seller , buyer needs to pay remaining portion of price
and get the product.
2) To sue the buyer.
In this case , when seller is unlawfully not ready to give the product to buyer as buyer has paid in
full price of goods then buyer can sue him.
3) Buyer can enforce security interest in goods
in this case , remedy shall be when buyer fully rejects but he has the product with himself then
buyer has security interest to the extent of any expenses incurred by buyer .
Buyer shall sell the goods and pay the proceeds to seller above the security interest.
Goods oriented remedies of seller are as follows:
1) When buyer breaches
In this case , seller can withhold the delivery of remaining goods
2) When seller comes to know that buyer has become insolvent
In this case , seller will stop the delivery of goods till the time goods are in transit.
3) When buyer breaches and goods are in process
in this case , seller shall stop the production and unfinished goods shall be sold as scrap so the
damages of seller can be recovered
Q 11) Money oriented remedies of buyer are as follows
1) When seller breaches regarding payment made
in this case , buyer should recover as much price he has already paid and then return the goods.
2) when seller breaches then buyer should cover
in this case , buyer can buy substitute while acting in good faith and then try to cover the
expenses incurred. If buyer doesnt cover then he will not be able to cover his damages
3) When seller breaches then buyer needs to cover damages for non delivery
in this case , damages = (contract price -market price ) + expenses incurred.
Money oriented remedies of seller are as follows
1) When buyer breaches then
in this case , seller shall resell the goods to recover damages in good faith and evn seller may
give notice to buyer for breach of contract
2) When buyer breaches regarding non acceptance of goods
in this case , seller shall recover damages as the difference between the market price and place of
sell plus any expenses incurred.
3) When buyer breaches regarding price to be paid
in this case , seller shall recover the price by conforming goods are lost and damaged after risk of
loss is transfered to buyer
Specific performance remedies of the buyer are as follows
1) When seller breaches then buyer may cancel
in this case , buyer can cancel by repudiating the contract.
2) when sel.
1.The shrimping industry needs female shrimp for production purposes.pdf
1.2 Briefly describe the traffic, services, and hardware trends in business networks.
Double space your paper
-The paper must use APA format (6th edition)
-Minimum of 2 pages, excluding any cover page.
That is, the 2 pages must be content related.
Solution
Business networks are useful and they help to manage the locations that are geographically
dispersed. It helps the organizations to deliver information for workers in an effective manner. It
helps for improving communication and helps in the process of information management
between various business organizations.
It helps to bring the The business partners together and helps in improving efficiency, agility and
effective innovation.
Traffic growth
It does not have its limitations anymore only with voice and data. It has strong business focus on
web service, remote access, effective online transactions and services of social networking.
Services are effectively expanding and there is a strong data traffic due to the smart phones and
tablets. There exists high demand for excellent high resolution, cameras, audio and video.
Hardware has excellent computers and supportive function with demand applications. The
networks have become intelligent and there has been boom in Internet and web. There is
increased in improved intranets and extranets..
Who are the stakeholders in an income statement and whySolution.pdf
Which of the following would act as a nonelectrolyte when dissolved in water? Select all that
apply.
a. NH4NO3
b. NaCl
c. CH3OH
d. K2CrO4
e. C6H12O6
Solution
The answer is: (c) and (e)
CH3OH and C6H12O6 are molecular compounds and do not ionize in water. Thus they are
nonelectrolytes.
All the others are soluble ionic compounds that will ionize in water and are thus electrolytes:
NH4NO3 => NH4+ + NO3-
NaCl => Na+ + Cl-
K2CrO4 => 2 K+ + CrO42-.
Which company maintains natural habitats while B allowing us to live .pdf
When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, what are the features of their
genome that are typically observed?
Solution
Multiple strains of the same bacterial species features:
The sequencing of multiple strains from the same bacterial species has clearly demonstrated that
horizontal gene transfer accounts for the majority of intraspecies genome differences.
Comparative analysis of these bacterial sequences has revealed the movement of phage DNA by
lateral transfer as having significant impact on the evolution of the host genome.
Escherichia coli is an important component of the biosphere and is an ideal model for studies of
processes involved in bacterial genome evolution. The diversity within the species E. coli, and
the overlap in gene content between this and related species, suggests a continuum rather than
sharp species borders in this group of Enterobacteriaceae..
What specialized cells line the inner cavity and move fluids through.pdf
What is Wolff’s Law and why is it important to the design of biomaterials for skeletal repair and
regeneration?
Solution
Wolff\'a law was proposed by German surgeon Jullies Wolff. According to this law bone in an
healthy person adapts to forces and stresses on which it is placed.
If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become
stronger to resist that sort of loading. The racquet-holding arm bones of tennis players become
much stronger than those of the other arm. Their bodies have strengthened the bones in their
racquet-holding arm since it is routinely placed under higher than normal stresses.
This law is important in the designing of biomaterials because it helps us understand
phenomenon of bone remodelling and how bone adjusts to different types of forces
Bone constantly undergoes the process of remodeling. This process consists of two stages:
resorption and formation. During resorption, old bone tissue is broken down and removed by
special cells called osteoclasts. Once this has been done, bone formation begins and new bone
tissue is laid down to replace the old. This task is performed by special cells called osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts produce collagen, enzymes, and other proteins that make up the organic portion of
the bone matrix.”
It is important for the bone to access the information ,where the areas of stress are going to be so
that bone can remodel and strengthen in preparation for the event. Bone cells, in particular
osteocytes, are extremely sensitive to mechanical stress.
Wolff law helps us to design biomaterials according to the stress it will undergo in the body..
What does the metaphor meaning for the Iron curtainSolutionIr.pdf
What budgetary reform changes (federal, state, or local) would you make if you were
empowered to do so?
Solution
Governments pursue budget reform for many reasons. If government spending is greater than the
amount of money the government takes in with taxes, reform may be necessary to balance the
budget and control government debt..
For controlling expenditure and finding new sources of income reforms have been made by
government..
So reforms have been needed to change the structure of government budget however federal
government has to ensure that all needs have been fulfilled withing country ,whether it is in
particular state or local area..
So federal reforms have been more important from whole country point of view...if balance can
be established on that area than reforms can be successfully implemented,
So federal reforms is more important and I will have such authority than I wiil chose federal
reforms...
What are the major developmental milestones between infancy and todd.pdf
What are Texans’ attitudes on the death penalty in relation to those of the rest of the country, and
why do they differ? Next, do some research and discuss the number of executions in Texas since
the mid-1970s when compared to the rest of the country. Follow this up with additional research
to determine the number of death penalty case exonerations in Texas when compared to the rest
of the country. Report your findings and does this change your perspective on the death penalty
in Texas? When responding to this question, be sure to reference course materials to support
your response, conclusions, and opinions. Your response for this question should be 250 words.
Solution
Capital punishment is abolished almost everywhere in the globe except few countries and few
states in the U.S. There are few things to be considered in favor of abolishing capital
punishment. Firstly, it is inhuman in this civilized and digital society where even life of the
animals is respected more. Secondly, the cost of trial and execution is much more than a life
sentence trial. Thirdly, the post traumatic stress that the family members of the executed will
experience and finally, the wrong convictions means innocents are punished. Once a death
penalty is executed and later when the person is proved innocent, no one can bring the life back.
The states should look for opportunities to prevent such crimes right from the school days by
identifying trouble makers and counseling them appropriately rather than keep killing people.
It’s true that punishments reduce crime but there is no proof that capital punishment has reduced
crime considerably..
Using the Web or another research tool, search for alternative means.pdf
Using namespace std;
The expansion of a steel bridge as it heated to a final Celsius temperature, Tf, from an initial
temperature T0 , can be approximated using the following formula:
Increase in length= a* L*(Tf-T0). Where a is the coefficient of expansion that is for steel is
11.7e-6, L is the length of bridge at temperature T0.
Using this formula, write a C++ program that displays a table of expansion length for a steel
bridge that’s 7365 meters long at 0 degrees Celsius, as the temperature increases to 40 degrees in
5 degree increments.
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
float Length(int Tf)
{
const float a = 11.7E-6;
const float L = 7365;
const float To=0;
return a*L*(Tf-To);
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
cout<<\"Intitial Temperature\\tFinal Temperature\\tIncreased Length\ \";
for (int i=1;i<=8;i++)
cout<<0<<\" degrees\\t\\t\"<.
Using Array Approach, Linked List approach, and Delete Byte Approach.pdf
Use the graph of the function f below to find the following. All local minimum values of f All
values at which f has a local minimum If there is more than one answer, separate them with
commas. All local minimum values of f All values at which f has a local minimum:
Solution
Dear student
Thank you for using Chegg
As per the given curve it is clear that the local minimum values of f are -3 & 0
Values of x when curve attain minimum values are x = -2,3.
TV Guide magazine ran a cover photo for a story emphasizing Oprah Wi.pdf
Trend of thinner beauty pageant winners has generated charges that the contest encourages
unhealthy diet habits among young women Listed below are body indexes (BMI) for beauty
pageant winners from two different time periods. Find the coefficient of variation for each of the
two sets of data, then compare the coefficient of venation for the BMI\'s of beauty pageant
winners from the 1920s and 1930s is % round to one decimal place as needed.)
Solution
Dear Student Thank you for usng Chegg !! Given Mean = (Sum of
Values) / No of values Deviations = Values - Mean Variance = (Sum of square of
deviations /no of deviations) Standard deviation (SD) = Square root of variance
Coefficient of variation = Standard deviation / Mean BMI (B/w 1920 ~1930)
Mean Deviations from mean Square (Deviations) Variance SD Coeff Of Variation BMI (From
Recent Winners) Mean Deviations from mean Square (Deviations) Variance SD Coeff Of
Variation 20.4 20.16 0.24 0.0576 1.9324 1.390108 0.068953765 19.5 18.76 0.74 0.5476 1.3004
1.140351 0.060786291 21.9 1.74 3.0276 20.3 1.54 2.3716 22.1 1.94 3.7636 19.5 0.74 0.5476
22.3 2.14 4.5796 20.2 1.44 2.0736 20.2 0.04 0.0016 17.8 -0.96 0.9216 18.8 -1.36 1.8496 17.9 -
0.86 0.7396 18.9 -1.26 1.5876 19.2 0.44 0.1936 19.4 -0.76 0.5776 18.9 0.14 0.0196 18.5 -
1.66 2.7556 17.6 -1.16 1.3456 19.1 -1.06 1.1236 16.7 -2.06 4.2436
Comparing the two Coefficient of variation 1920~1930 = 0.068953765 Recent =
0.060786291 Solved.
Tim Tassopoulos, the chief operating officer for Chick-Fll-A applies .pdf
This question has been posted but the answer given on this site leaves an error when compiling
\"No suitable method found for println(java.lang.String,)
My question is for Java as follows. Create a program that has an array of length 100 which will
automatically be filled with randomly generated numbers between 1 and 100 each time the
program is run. Have the program ask the user to enter a number between 1 and 100. Check to
see if that number is one of the values in the array. If it is display “We found your number XX at
position YY in the array” If the number is not in the array tell the user that no match was found.
The following is what I have so far, please advise what needs corrected to make this work for
Java
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
class Search
{
public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
{
int[] array;
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
array[i] = 1 + (int)(Math.random() * 100);
}
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter number between 1 and 100\");
int number=sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (array[i] == number)
{
System.out.println(\"We found your number \" , number, \" at position \", i, \" in the array\");
}
else
{
System.out.println(\"no match was found\");
break;
}
}
}
}
Solution
Hey, I got your mistake.It\'s the else part in the if-else condition. What\'s happening is that if
even for the first number if the condition fails;the control is shifting to else block and as in else
block you have applied break;the control is getting out of loop.So,actually the loop is continuing
till the first unequal number only;but not for complete array
So,I am now re-writing your code.Your idea is correct.It was just small mistake.
The Hydrolysis of the Hydrated Pb ion PboH (aq) + H200SolutionP.pdf
The heights(in feet) at timet(in seconds) of a silver dollar dropped from the top of the a
monument is given by the following expression.
Solution
s(t) = -16t^2 + 547
(a) s(2) = 483 m
s(3) = 403 m
Average velocity for [2,3] = 403 - 483 = -80 m/s
b) s\'(2) = 547 - 32t = 483 m/s
s\'(3) = 547 - 32(3) = 451 m/s
c) t = sqrt(547/16) = 5.847 s
d) s\'(5.847) = 359.896 m/s.
1. CDOs are normally divided into tranches. Holders of this tranche .pdf
1)What is the exact mathematical relationship between the width of a confidence interval and the
Maximum Error of Estimate?
2)In your own words, describe the relationship between the standard error and maximum error.
You may use the formulas for each in your explanation.
1)What is the exact mathematical relationship between the width of a confidence interval and the
Maximum Error of Estimate?
2)In your own words, describe the relationship between the standard error and maximum error.
You may use the formulas for each in your explanation.
1)What is the exact mathematical relationship between the width of a confidence interval and the
Maximum Error of Estimate?
2)In your own words, describe the relationship between the standard error and maximum error.
You may use the formulas for each in your explanation.
Solution
1) Maximum Error of Estimate is half of width of confidence interval.
Maximum Error = (1/2)*(Width of confidence interval)
2) Standard Error is equal to Standard Deviation, however, Maximum Error is equal to Standard
Deviation multiplied by Z-score.
Therefore,
Maximum Error = z*(Standard Error).
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
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CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
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How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
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MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, w.pdf
- 1. When multiple strains of the same bacterial species are sequenced, what are the features of their genome that are typically observed? Solution Multiple strains of the same bacterial species features: The sequencing of multiple strains from the same bacterial species has clearly demonstrated that horizontal gene transfer accounts for the majority of intraspecies genome differences. Comparative analysis of these bacterial sequences has revealed the movement of phage DNA by lateral transfer as having significant impact on the evolution of the host genome. Escherichia coli is an important component of the biosphere and is an ideal model for studies of processes involved in bacterial genome evolution. The diversity within the species E. coli, and the overlap in gene content between this and related species, suggests a continuum rather than sharp species borders in this group of Enterobacteriaceae.