1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question. a.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral particles. b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the bacteriophages were temperate or virulent? Temperate phages don\'t immediately kill their hosts. c.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. Why is this hypothesis stronger with respect to prokaryotic cells than if large, complex eukaryotic organisms had been involved? In eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction, great genetic diversity can be accomplished through crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis. d.) Why do some bacteriophages, like X174, using rolling circle replication instead of the bidirectional replication?Persistent infections always lead to cell lysis, while latent infections never lead to cell lysis.In a latent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a persistent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral particles.Persistent infections can cause transformation of the host cell, which can lead to the development of cancer. Latent infections do not cause transformation. In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral particles. b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?Temperate phages are capable of lysogeny and their genetic material can be integrated into the host genome, causing damage rather than increasing fitness.Virulent phages are capable of lysogeny and their genetic.

1. 1. Choose the best answer for each statment/question.
a.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the
pathogenic version PrPSc
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral
particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?
Temperate phages don't immediately kill their hosts.
c.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. Why is this hypothesis stronger with respect to
prokaryotic cells than if large, complex eukaryotic organisms had been involved?
In eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction, great genetic diversity can be accomplished
through crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
d.) Why do some bacteriophages, like X174, using rolling circle replication instead of the
bidirectional replication?Persistent infections always lead to cell lysis, while latent infections
never lead to cell lysis.In a latent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral
particles slowly. In a persistent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not
replicating and creating new viral particles.Persistent infections can cause transformation of the
host cell, which can lead to the development of cancer. Latent infections do not cause
transformation.
In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new
viral particles.
b.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. If most bacteriophages were temperate, then this
could have increased horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotic cells and potentially could
have increased fitness. With respect to this hypothesis, why would it matter whether the
bacteriophages were temperate or virulent?Temperate phages are capable of lysogeny and their

2. genetic material can be integrated into the host genome, causing damage rather than increasing
fitness.Virulent phages are capable of lysogeny and their genetic material can be integrated into
the host genome, causing damage rather than increasing fitnessTemperate bacteriophages are
capable of both horizontal and vertical gene transfer, allowing a wide range of ways to increase
genetic diversity. Virulent bacteriophages are not capable of either.
Temperate phages don't immediately kill their hosts.
c.) One hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the development of viruses suggests that
viruses were beneficial because they allowed for rapid gene transfer, especially in prokaryotic
cells, and therefore increased genetic diversity. Why is this hypothesis stronger with respect to
prokaryotic cells than if large, complex eukaryotic organisms had been involved?In eukaryotic
organisms with asexual reproduction, there is great diversity from crossing over and
independent assortment in meiosis.Increased genetic diversity is less important for large
eukaryotic organisms because they already have more genetic diversity as a result of their larger
genomes.Increased genetic diversity is less important for large eukaryotic organisms because
they just don't need to adapt as quickly as prokaryotes do.
In eukaryotic organisms with sexual reproduction, great genetic diversity can be accomplished
through crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis.
d.) Why do some bacteriophages, like X174, using rolling circle replication instead of the
bidirectional replication?because X174 is a double-stranded DNA virus and it does not need to
have copies of both strands of the intermediate made for viral assemblybecause X174 is a
single-stranded RNA virus and it does not need to have copies of both strands of the
intermediate made for viral assemblybecause X174 is a double-stranded RNA virus and it does
not need to have copies of both strands of the intermediate made for viral assemblybecause
X174 is a single-stranded DNA virus and it does not need to have copies of both strands of the
intermediate made for viral assembly
Solution
a. In a persistent infection, the host cell is continually releasing new viral particles slowly. In a
latent infection, there are periods of time where the virus is not replicating and creating new viral
particles.
b. Temperate bacteriophages are capable of both horizontal and vertical gene transfer, allowing a
wide range of ways to increase genetic diversity. Virulent bacteriophages are not capable of
either.