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![Light Source: Evolution
g
12
Mercury Solid-state Semiconductor
arc lamp laser
l laser di d
l diodes
(1948) (1960s) (1980s)
Dr. Theodore [1]
Maiman
studies a ruby
crystal in the
shape of a
cube in a laser.
[1] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269607/holography/92904/Pulsed-laser-holography](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-12-320.jpg)
![Laser System: Performance
y
13
1) The lower the laser power the longer the exposure time
power,
A second to few minutes for CW lasers vs. “nanoseconds” for Pulsed lasers
2) Laser power requirement
i) Increases with Size of holograms
Typical
T i l power l l H N l
levels: HeNe lasers: 1 20 W Di d lasers: 5-50mW,
1-20mW, Diode l 5 50 W
DPSS lasers: 20-200mW, Ar lasers with etalon: 100-500mW
For large holograms, on the order of 10-sq m, laser powers on the order
of 1 W i preferred if cost i not an issue [1] solid-state or A i gas
f 1-W is f d t is t i lid t t Ar ion
lasers as candidates
ii) Increases with Distance of hologram set-up
Min. power output for laser light shows: ~400mW
[1] http://www.loreti.it/chaptersPDF/Ch11_Non-Laser_Illum.pdf
[3] h // i ll i /P d /D /CVIMG H l h Whi df](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-13-320.jpg)
![Laser System: Performance vs. Cost
y
14
3) Higher laser power systems translate to higher costs
(several thousand to tens of thousand dollars) [1]
Laser System Costing
35000 CW
Pulsed
30000
25000
20000
Cost ($)
15000
10000
5000
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Power (mW) * Modulator & optic system costs not included [1]
[1] Diode pumped SSL Costs: http://www.amazing1.com, 2011](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-14-320.jpg)
![Holographic Media
g p
16
Comparison in Key Performance Metrics in Holographic Recording
Materials [1,2]
M t i l [1 2]
120% 30,000
Recording medium
100% 25,000 should have
High diffraction
Diffraction Efficiency (%)
)
1)
Resolution Limi (um)
80% 20,000
efficiency
60% 15,000 2) Wide resolution
range
g
it
40% 10,000
Max. Resolution limit [um]
Max. Resolution limit [mm−1]
20% 5,000 Min. Resolution limit [um]
Min. Resolution limit [mm−1]
Max. efficiency Effi i
Max. Diff
M Diffraction Efficiency
i
0% 0
Dichromated gelatin
Photopolymers
Elastomers
Photographic emulsions
Photographic emulsions
Photothermoplastics
Photochromics
otorefractives
Photoresists
(Phase bleached)
mplitude)
P
Pho
e,
P
(Am
[1] Lecture Holography and optical phase conjugation held at ETH Zürich by Prof. G. Montemezzani in 2002
[2] Ablation of nanoparticles for holographic recordings in elastomers: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/la102693m](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-16-320.jpg)
![Holographic Media
g p
17
1) Silver Halide Emulsion
High exposure sensitivity over a wide range of spectral regions
High resolving power
Suitable for transmission/reflection holograms (amplitude and phase type)
/ g ( p p yp )
2)
5) Dichromated Gelatin Material
Photorefractive polymer [1]
Record multicolour reflection holograms the 3D telepresence
Used for 3D dynamic holograms, enables
Suitable f veryi highl efficiency and low noise holograms
No d for
N need for special glasses
l
3) Photorefractive Crystals seconds; quasi real-time
Refreshes images every 2
Good for large-area and holography
Material use for real-time dynamically updatable holographic recording media
Recyclable! Photothermoplastics can also b recycled several h d d times and are
l bl h h l l be l d l hundred d
most suitable for holographic interferometry
4) Photoresist Material
Suitable for producing surface relief holograms
Most sensitive to ultraviolet/blue light only.
[1] P.-A. Blanche et al, Holographic three-dimensional telepresence using large-area photorefractive polymer, Nature Volume:
468, Pages: 80–83, 04 November 2010, DOI 10.1038/nature09521](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-17-320.jpg)
![Photorefractive Polymer: Performance
y
18
1) Refresh Rate
University of Arizona (UA) took 2 s to write & erase a full-colour dynamic holographic
image in 2010 vs. 4 mins in 2008 [1,2]
marked improvement of ~100x in 2 years!
Quoting UA lead author of the study Blanche,
“In two years we improved the speed by a factor of 100. If we can improve the speed by
the same factor, we will be over video rate. It will be done.” [2]
Next step: 6 fps (~0.2s); to progress towards a refresh rate of 24-30 fps
2)
) Display Size
p y
17” (current largest)
Have to scale up the display size to 85” for outdoor billboard advertising & 6–8 ft
(
(life-size) for telepresencing to be truly p
) p g y possible
[1] http://news.inventhelp.com/Articles/Electronics/Inventions/three-dimensional-dynamic-holography-12521.aspx
[2] http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/11/holographic-video/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-18-320.jpg)
![Photorefractive Polymer: Cost Projection
y j
19
Sony's Display Cost based o j eDisplay C o s& o f P h o t o rSony's t i v e P o l y mper Inch based on
P r on c t e d Size t e f r a c Display Cost e r
[1-3] [1-3]
Technology (as of Dec 2010) b a s e d o n S260r e e n S iTechnology (as of Dec 2010)
c Display z e
5000 D y n a m ic p h o t o r e f r a c t i v e p o l y m e r ( P r o je c t e d )
XEL-1 OLED TV 0 0
350 D y n a m ic p h o t o p o l y m e r ( E x t r a p o 240 f r o m Z e b r a I m a g in g )
la te
XEL-1 OLED TV
Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV S t a t ic p h o t o p o ly m e r ( Z e b r a I m a g i n g ) Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV
4500 Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV 220 Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV
30000
200
4000
nch)
25000 180
Cost/inch ($/in
3500 160
Cost ($)
20000
Cost ($)
140
3000
120
15000
2500 100
10000 80
2000
60
1500 5000
40
10 20 030 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Display Size (inches) Display Size (inches)
S c r e e n S iz e ( in c h e s )
Photorefractive polymer is projected to cost ~4x more than
4x
static photopolymer
$1500 for 12”x18” & $3500 & 2 ft by 3 ft static 3D holograms by Zebra
Imaging [4]
I i
[1] Sony XEL-1 OLED TV pricing: http://reviews.cnet.com/oled/sony-xel-1-oled/4505-13948_7-32815284.html
[2] Sony Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV pricing: http://www.best-led-tv.net/46%E2%80%B3-sony-bravia-xbr10.html
[3] Sony Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV pricing: http://www.practical-home-theater-guide.com/sony-lcd-tv-1.html
[4] Zebra Imaging Print Cost: http://www.3d-display-info.com/zebra-imaging-prints-large-3d-holograms](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mt5009holographyfinal-110424213808-phpapp01/85/3D-Holography-When-Might-it-become-Economically-Feasible-19-320.jpg)
Uploaded byJeffrey Funk
3D Holography: When Might it become Economically Feasible?
The document outlines the evolution and future potential of holographic technology, detailing its value proposition, system setup, components, and current limitations. It emphasizes advancements in laser systems, microprocessors, and photorefractive materials that drive the effectiveness and cost of holographic displays. Future opportunities for holography span various industries including advertising, education, and medical fields, highlighting a trend towards immersive experiences leveraging 3D and virtual reality.
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3D Holography: When Might it become Economically Feasible?
- 1. HOLOGRAPHY Chew Guang Wei HT093271W Ho Seow Yan HT093116E Lim Su Ru HT093278B Ong Lip Sin HT093131U Wee Chong Liang Justin HT093290B MT5009
- 2. Content 2 • Introduction • Evolution of Displays • Value Proposition • Holographic System Setup • Technology & Cost of Holographic System • Limitations of Holographic System • Components of Holographic System • F t Future Opportunities O t iti • Entrepreneurial Opportunities
- 3. Holography g p y 3
- 4. Timeline of Holography g p y 4 1960:Pulsed ruby laser y was developed 1962:White light reflection hologram 2010: Development of moving 3D holograms 2009: Interactive holographic g p displays developed 1983:Mastercard first credit g card to use holograms 1947: Dennis Gabor developed the theory of holography
- 5. Evolution of Displays p y 5 1940 1964 1972 1980 1997 2004 2010 Plasma Display 3D movies LCD enters invented enter market market Next generation: 3D Holographic Display Cathode Ray Liquid Crystal Plasma enters 3D TV enters Tube (CRT) Display (LCD) market market enters market invented Type Advantages Disadvantages High Definition High resolution 2D images com/ 3D Display High resolution Narrow viewing angles dmarkettrends.c Stereoscopic Require viewing glasses Not true 3D imagery 3D Holographic “Life-like” images Life like Require large amount of http://www.3d Display Volumetric 3D display processing Interactivity Constraint by size of holographic material
- 6. Value Proposition p 6 1. . High Definition: g e o : Images projected are full coloured, high resolution and life-like 2. Ease of customization: E f t i ti Ability to project hologram anywhere 3. 3 Ease of delivery and transmission: Real time transmission to multiple locations 4. 4 Volumetric View: 360 degree view with different perspectives 5. Interactivity: Ability to interact directly with image
- 7. Holographic System Setup g p y p 7 Satellite Object 3D Hologram Light Transmission Source Medium Holographic Camera Media System Computer System Computer System
- 8. Technology for HolographicSystem gy g p y 8 Keyy Prototype yp Technology expected by gy p y Sub-System 2016 Light Source 200mW 500mW Diode-Pumped Diode Pumped Solid Diode-Pumped Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) Pulsed Laser State (DPSS) Pulsed Laser Holographic 17” At least 42” Media Photorefractive Polymer Advanced Photorefractive Polymer 2-second refresh rate 6 to 24 fps refresh rate Transmission 100Mbps Up to 40Gbps Media Fiber Optics Computer System 4-core 16-core and beyond
- 9. Projected Cost ofHolographic System j g p y 9 42" Holographic System S stem 200,000 Estimated Cost Breakdown Computer System 150,000 Holographic Media $) Cost ($ Light Source Light Source 100,000 Transmission 50,000 0 2011 2016 2021 2030 Year
- 10. Limitations of HolographicSystem g p y 10 Laser System Performance trade off with cost and safety Microprocessor Large amount of processing required g p g q Multiple complex algorithms and calculations Photorefractive Polymer Size of hologram dependent on size of material Refresh rate
- 11. Photorefractive Polymer 11 Fiber Optics
- 12. Light Source: Evolution g 12 Mercury Solid-state Semiconductor arc lamp laser l laser di d l diodes (1948) (1960s) (1980s) Dr. Theodore [1] Maiman studies a ruby crystal in the shape of a cube in a laser. [1] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269607/holography/92904/Pulsed-laser-holography
- 13. Laser System: Performance y 13 1) The lower the laser power the longer the exposure time power, A second to few minutes for CW lasers vs. “nanoseconds” for Pulsed lasers 2) Laser power requirement i) Increases with Size of holograms Typical T i l power l l H N l levels: HeNe lasers: 1 20 W Di d lasers: 5-50mW, 1-20mW, Diode l 5 50 W DPSS lasers: 20-200mW, Ar lasers with etalon: 100-500mW For large holograms, on the order of 10-sq m, laser powers on the order of 1 W i preferred if cost i not an issue [1] solid-state or A i gas f 1-W is f d t is t i lid t t Ar ion lasers as candidates ii) Increases with Distance of hologram set-up Min. power output for laser light shows: ~400mW [1] http://www.loreti.it/chaptersPDF/Ch11_Non-Laser_Illum.pdf [3] h // i ll i /P d /D /CVIMG H l h Whi df
- 14. Laser System: Performancevs. Cost y 14 3) Higher laser power systems translate to higher costs (several thousand to tens of thousand dollars) [1] Laser System Costing 35000 CW Pulsed 30000 25000 20000 Cost ($) 15000 10000 5000 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Power (mW) * Modulator & optic system costs not included [1] [1] Diode pumped SSL Costs: http://www.amazing1.com, 2011
- 15. Laser System: CostProjection y j 15 Projected Laser Cost Trend j Generally 80,000.00 decreasing trend 70,000.00 200 mW 500 mW for the past five 1000 mW W 60,000.00 years (~15%) 1500 mW 50,000.00 Laser prices Cost ($) projected to 40,000.00 continue 30,000.00 dropping in pp g 20,000.00 20 000 00 similar fashion 10,000.00 in the next 5 years 0.00 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Source: OptoIQ, 2008
- 16. Holographic Media g p 16 Comparison in Key Performance Metrics in Holographic Recording Materials [1,2] M t i l [1 2] 120% 30,000 Recording medium 100% 25,000 should have High diffraction Diffraction Efficiency (%) ) 1) Resolution Limi (um) 80% 20,000 efficiency 60% 15,000 2) Wide resolution range g it 40% 10,000 Max. Resolution limit [um] Max. Resolution limit [mm−1] 20% 5,000 Min. Resolution limit [um] Min. Resolution limit [mm−1] Max. efficiency Effi i Max. Diff M Diffraction Efficiency i 0% 0 Dichromated gelatin Photopolymers Elastomers Photographic emulsions Photographic emulsions Photothermoplastics Photochromics otorefractives Photoresists (Phase bleached) mplitude) P Pho e, P (Am [1] Lecture Holography and optical phase conjugation held at ETH Zürich by Prof. G. Montemezzani in 2002 [2] Ablation of nanoparticles for holographic recordings in elastomers: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/la102693m
- 17. Holographic Media g p 17 1) Silver Halide Emulsion High exposure sensitivity over a wide range of spectral regions High resolving power Suitable for transmission/reflection holograms (amplitude and phase type) / g ( p p yp ) 2) 5) Dichromated Gelatin Material Photorefractive polymer [1] Record multicolour reflection holograms the 3D telepresence Used for 3D dynamic holograms, enables Suitable f veryi highl efficiency and low noise holograms No d for N need for special glasses l 3) Photorefractive Crystals seconds; quasi real-time Refreshes images every 2 Good for large-area and holography Material use for real-time dynamically updatable holographic recording media Recyclable! Photothermoplastics can also b recycled several h d d times and are l bl h h l l be l d l hundred d most suitable for holographic interferometry 4) Photoresist Material Suitable for producing surface relief holograms Most sensitive to ultraviolet/blue light only. [1] P.-A. Blanche et al, Holographic three-dimensional telepresence using large-area photorefractive polymer, Nature Volume: 468, Pages: 80–83, 04 November 2010, DOI 10.1038/nature09521
- 18. Photorefractive Polymer: Performance y 18 1) Refresh Rate University of Arizona (UA) took 2 s to write & erase a full-colour dynamic holographic image in 2010 vs. 4 mins in 2008 [1,2] marked improvement of ~100x in 2 years! Quoting UA lead author of the study Blanche, “In two years we improved the speed by a factor of 100. If we can improve the speed by the same factor, we will be over video rate. It will be done.” [2] Next step: 6 fps (~0.2s); to progress towards a refresh rate of 24-30 fps 2) ) Display Size p y 17” (current largest) Have to scale up the display size to 85” for outdoor billboard advertising & 6–8 ft ( (life-size) for telepresencing to be truly p ) p g y possible [1] http://news.inventhelp.com/Articles/Electronics/Inventions/three-dimensional-dynamic-holography-12521.aspx [2] http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/11/holographic-video/
- 19. Photorefractive Polymer: CostProjection y j 19 Sony's Display Cost based o j eDisplay C o s& o f P h o t o rSony's t i v e P o l y mper Inch based on P r on c t e d Size t e f r a c Display Cost e r [1-3] [1-3] Technology (as of Dec 2010) b a s e d o n S260r e e n S iTechnology (as of Dec 2010) c Display z e 5000 D y n a m ic p h o t o r e f r a c t i v e p o l y m e r ( P r o je c t e d ) XEL-1 OLED TV 0 0 350 D y n a m ic p h o t o p o l y m e r ( E x t r a p o 240 f r o m Z e b r a I m a g in g ) la te XEL-1 OLED TV Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV S t a t ic p h o t o p o ly m e r ( Z e b r a I m a g i n g ) Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV 4500 Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV 220 Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV 30000 200 4000 nch) 25000 180 Cost/inch ($/in 3500 160 Cost ($) 20000 Cost ($) 140 3000 120 15000 2500 100 10000 80 2000 60 1500 5000 40 10 20 030 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Display Size (inches) Display Size (inches) S c r e e n S iz e ( in c h e s ) Photorefractive polymer is projected to cost ~4x more than 4x static photopolymer $1500 for 12”x18” & $3500 & 2 ft by 3 ft static 3D holograms by Zebra Imaging [4] I i [1] Sony XEL-1 OLED TV pricing: http://reviews.cnet.com/oled/sony-xel-1-oled/4505-13948_7-32815284.html [2] Sony Bravia XBR10 Series LED 3D TV pricing: http://www.best-led-tv.net/46%E2%80%B3-sony-bravia-xbr10.html [3] Sony Bravia XBR9 Series LCD TV pricing: http://www.practical-home-theater-guide.com/sony-lcd-tv-1.html [4] Zebra Imaging Print Cost: http://www.3d-display-info.com/zebra-imaging-prints-large-3d-holograms
- 20. Transmission Media 20 Transmission rate projected to increase by about tenfold over a decade Has the potential to go up to 40 or even 160 Gbps Current transmission capacity of fibre Capable of supporting a very large is in the region of ~ 2.5 to10 Gbps size hologram (~500”) Capable of supporting a http://www.telebyteusa.com/foprimer/foch1.htm prototype hologram (17”) http://www.rp-photonics.com/optical_fiber_communications.html http://www.belden.com/pdfs/Techpprs/10_Gbps_LAN_Segment_WP.pdf
- 21. Transmission Media: CostProjection 21 Relative cost trends comparing 10 Gbps vs 4Gbps vs. Transmission cost projected to drop by ~75% in a decade By 2016, 10Gbps is expected to cost ~$225 $225 www.corning.com/docs/opticalfiber/CM00000004.pdf
- 22. Microprocessor p Currently, a processor is capable of supporting up to 42” hologram 42 Estimated that 23 processors (16-core) in 2016 will be able to support a large billboard size hologram Intel’s E7 Xeon 10-core
- 23. Microprocessor: Cost Projection p j 23 Average transistor price expected to be 10-10 i 2016 b 10 in Estimated cost trend for microprocessor Currently, 6-core processor with 109 transistors costs ~$300 In 2016, 16-core processor with ~ 5*1010 transistors is expected to cost ~$300 http://www.singularity.com/charts/page62.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count
- 24.
- 25. Future Opportunities pp 25 Advertising Gaming Education Training Richard Branson Hologram – Virgin Digital Launch Communication Medical Forensic Science
- 26. Entrepreneurial Opportunities p pp 26 Lasers or alternative light sources Optics (e.g. diffusers, filters, diffraction gratings) Software developer p (e.g. algorithms) Photorefractive materials Silicon photonics
- 27. Conclusion 27 With a trend of moving towards 3D and virtual reality, Holographic System will dominate the display, advertising and entertainment industries p y, g This is largely attributed to: Lowering of cost of key components Advancement in holographic technology Advancement in technologies of key components
- 28. THANK YOU (Q&A)