Input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, light pens, touchscreens, digitizing tablets, joysticks, and scanners. Output devices include CRT displays, flat panel displays like LCD, plasma, and LED. Graphics systems use video controllers to process graphics instructions from the CPU and send output to displays. Common display technologies are raster-scan CRTs and flat panel displays like LCD, plasma, and LED. Virtual and augmented reality systems provide stereoscopic 3D graphics output through head-mounted displays and sensing devices.

1. (Devices in Graphics System)

2. 1.
2.
3.
4.
.
.

3. Input devices
Output devices
CRT )

4. :
(Keyboard) :
ECMA-23

5. :
Dvorak Elite

6. :
Mouse Trackball :
icon
 Mechanical
 Optical

7. : LightPens &
Touchscreens
LightPens Touchscreens
(phosphor)

8. : LightPens &
Touchscreens
Photonic
Electrical

9. : Bit Pad /
Digitizing Tablet
Bit Pad Digitizing Tablet :
stylus puck
puck X-Y
puck

10. :
(Joystick)
(Joystick) :

11. :
(Scanner)
(Scanner) :

12. API Application Programming Interface
Operating Systems
API

14. Device Dependent
Device Independent

15. Output
Device
CRT Cathode
Ray Tube

16. (Raster-Scan Architecture
Video Controller
Display Controller

17. (Video Controller)

18. (Video Controller)
OpenGL
x
y
xmax
ymax

19. (Video Controller)
x y
CRT
x
x y

20. (Video Controller)

21. Display Processor
Graphic Controller
Display Coprocessor

23. scan conversion

25. (Raster Scan)
CRT
scan line
-
refresh buffer
frame buffer

26. (Raster Scan)
color buffer

27. (Raster Scan)

28. (Random Scan)
Random Scan
CRT
vector stroke-writing
calligraphic

29. (Random Scan)

30. CRT
beam-penetration
(R :
Red (G : Green

31. CRT
beam
acceleration voltage

32. CRT
Shadow-mask
Shadow-mask
(R ) (G) (B)
RGB
Shadow-mask

33. CRT
Shadow-mask -
CRT
Shadow-mask
Shadow-mask
Shadow-
mask
in-line - -
CRT

34. CRT
Shadow-mask - CRT

35. (Flat-Panel Display)
(Flat-panel Display)
,
CRT
CRT
, , ,
Flat-Panel Display

36. (Flat-Panel Display)
2
emissive nonemissive
emissive ( emitter)
(plasma),
thin-film electroluminescent light-emitting diodes
nonemissive ( nonemitter)
nonemissive LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

37. (Plasma Panel)
(Plasma Panel)
gas-discharge
2
(
) 60

38. (Plasma Panel)

39. Thin-film electroluminescent
Thin-film electroluminescent
(electrode)
Thin-film electroluminescent

40. Thin-film electroluminescent
Thin-film electroluminescent

41. LED (Light-Emitting Diodes)
LED (Light-Emitting Diodes)
emissive
CRT

42. LED (Light-Emitting Diodes)
LED LED

43. LCD
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LCD
CRT

44. LCD
LCD
 active-matrix LCD (AMLCD)
TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
 passive-matrix LCD STN (Super
Twisted Nematic) DSTN (Dual-Scan Twisted
Nematic)
LCD TFT active

45. LCD
LCD

46. 3
CRT
CRT

48. Genisco SpaceGraph
25x25x25 . .
2
(ultrasonography)
CRT

49. 3 (Stereoscopic)
3
3

50. ( )
3

51. 3

52. 3

53. (Headset)
(optical system)
3
(sensing system)
3 (data glove)

55. (Data grove)

56. 3
(head-tracking device)
(ultrasound tracking device) 6

58. (Printer)
(Printer) :

59. (Plotter)
(Plotter) :
(A A