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Wheat,its types ,importance,characteristics
Wheat is a staple crop cultivated worldwide that belongs to the grass family. It is a hexaploid plant with 42 chromosomes and originated in Southeast Turkey approximately 10,000 years ago. In Pakistan, wheat is grown as a Rabi crop from mid-November to mid-December, primarily in the provinces of Punjab. Proper land preparation, seeding methods like drilling and broadcasting, irrigation, and fertilizer application are required for optimal wheat cultivation and yields.
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Wheat,its types ,importance,characteristics
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- 3. 1- Wheat isa grass widely cultivated for its seeds cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. 2- We locally call it Gandum in Urdu , Ghanum in Pashtu , Kanak in Punjabi and Botanically Triticum aestivum L. 3- It belongs to the family of Graminaea. 4- Its root system is Shallow. 5- Average plan population of wheat plant is 1,80,000 to 2,00,000 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
- 4. NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES Wheatis a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42
- 5. ORIGIN OF WHEAT Thecultivation of wheat was started some 10,000 years ago,with its origin tracked back to South east Turkey. Some of the earliest remain of crop have been found in Syria,Jorda and Turkey. It was called Einkorn (T. monococcum) and genetically is described as a diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes. Wheat was first grown in the United State in 1602 on an Island off the Massachusttes coast.
- 6. SOWING TIME Wheat isRabi crop that is grown from mid November to mid December.
- 7. SOWING AREAS OFPUNJAB Sahiwal Khanewal Vehari Lodhran Muzaffargarh Rajanpur D.G.Khan Bahawalpur Bahawalnagar Rahimyar Khan
- 8. SEED RATE Seed ratefrom 10 to 30 November is 40- 50 kg/acr Seed rate from 1 to 15 December is 50-60 kg/acre
- 9. PREPARATION OF LAND •Ploughing • Rotavating • Leveling of land • Plancking
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- 14. SOWING METHODS • Broadcasting •Drilling • Ridges
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- 16. DRILLING • Row torow distance is 12 to 18 cm. • Seed depth varies from 6 to 12 cm.
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- 18. IRRIGATION • 1st Irrigation20- 25 days after sowing • 2nd Irrigation at boot stage. • 3rd Irrigation at milk stages of grain development.
- 19. FERTILIZERS N P K 75kg50kg 25kg Zink Iron Magnesium .5kg 200gm 2kg Calcium Copper 4kg 500gm
- 20. PESTS OF WHEAT •Aphids • Grasshopper • Black ant • White ant • Cricket • Army worm • Cut worm • Mites
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- 29. Leaf rust Karnal bunt Loosesmut Foot root Earcockle Flag smut Powdery mildew Leaf blight Wheat blast
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