What is Science
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Science is a systematic pursuit of knowledge involving gathering data through various methods and logical analysis to establish reliable explanations for phenomena. It can involve both quantitative and qualitative research across natural and social sciences. There are differing paradigms like positivism that seeks objective data and interpretivism that allows for subjectivity. The document outlines traditions in science, data gathering methods, research strategies, and how science relates to discovering truth while engaging stakeholders. It provides an example of the author's own research into public-private partnerships for rural telecommunications.
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Ch01
This chapter discusses science as a way of systematically asking and answering questions about the physical universe. It outlines the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, identifying patterns and regularities, developing hypotheses and theories, making predictions, and rigorously testing explanations against evidence. The chapter also briefly describes different branches of science and how scientific knowledge is interconnected and advances through basic research, applied research, and technological development.
Planning of a research project first part
This document outlines the basic parts of a research study, including developing ideas, reviewing existing literature, and collaborating in a research group. It discusses identifying knowledge gaps, developing a study protocol and plan, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing results through articles and presentations. The goal is to provide guidance on systematically planning and conducting a research study from beginning to end.
Science
Science can be defined in three parts:
1) As a body of knowledge consisting of facts, concepts, hypotheses, theories, principles and laws obtained through experimentation and observation.
2) As a method of inquiry involving identifying problems, gathering observations, formulating hypotheses, making testable predictions, and testing hypotheses through further observation.
3) As an attitude or way of thinking characterized by open-mindedness, objectivity, accuracy, belief in cause and effect, and respect for evidence over opinions.
Data gathering & analysis
This document discusses key components of data gathering and analysis for doctoral research, including six components of data gathering and analysis: introduction, demographics, data, findings, discussion, and summary/conclusions. It also notes key differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, with quantitative using statistical/data analysis and fixed designs to test hypotheses, while qualitative uses conceptual/text analysis and emergent or flexible designs to generate understanding. Finally, it addresses translating texts into themes and concepts during analysis.
Lecture-1 Epistomology and Scientific methods of Inquery
This document summarizes a lecture on epistemology and scientific methods of inquiry. The lecture covered key concepts in epistemology like rationalism, empiricism, inductive and deductive reasoning. It defined science as a way of understanding the unknown through organized evidence and exploration. The scientific method was discussed as a process involving asking questions, forming hypotheses, experimentation, analysis and conclusions. Limitations of scientific knowledge like its empirical basis and inability to make value judgments were also noted.
Proseminar in Cross-National Studies: From Idea to Publishing in the Social S...
This document outlines the typical structure of empirical research articles and provides guidance on publishing article-length research. It discusses the key sections including: introduction, theory and hypotheses, data and methods, results, and conclusion. Each section is described in 1-2 sentences. For example, the introduction section should clearly state the research question and importance of the study. The theory and hypotheses section must explicitly define concepts and theoretical relationships. The conclusion should summarize major findings, implications, and limitations. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the standard structure of research articles and considerations for framing and pursuing publication.
What is Science?
The document discusses identifying bias in scientific studies. It states that good science minimizes bias through random sampling, minimizing measurement bias, and having a large enough sample size. Bias can influence results and different scientists may find different solutions to the same problem. The scientific community engages in quality control like independent duplication of studies and peer review to eliminate bias. Results are more reliable if verified through these methods.
Research Methodolgy introduction
a short lecture to give students and doctors in the medical field a brief summary about research conduction.
Recommended
Ch01
This chapter discusses science as a way of systematically asking and answering questions about the physical universe. It outlines the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, identifying patterns and regularities, developing hypotheses and theories, making predictions, and rigorously testing explanations against evidence. The chapter also briefly describes different branches of science and how scientific knowledge is interconnected and advances through basic research, applied research, and technological development.
Planning of a research project first part
This document outlines the basic parts of a research study, including developing ideas, reviewing existing literature, and collaborating in a research group. It discusses identifying knowledge gaps, developing a study protocol and plan, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing results through articles and presentations. The goal is to provide guidance on systematically planning and conducting a research study from beginning to end.
Science
Science can be defined in three parts:
1) As a body of knowledge consisting of facts, concepts, hypotheses, theories, principles and laws obtained through experimentation and observation.
2) As a method of inquiry involving identifying problems, gathering observations, formulating hypotheses, making testable predictions, and testing hypotheses through further observation.
3) As an attitude or way of thinking characterized by open-mindedness, objectivity, accuracy, belief in cause and effect, and respect for evidence over opinions.
Data gathering & analysis
This document discusses key components of data gathering and analysis for doctoral research, including six components of data gathering and analysis: introduction, demographics, data, findings, discussion, and summary/conclusions. It also notes key differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, with quantitative using statistical/data analysis and fixed designs to test hypotheses, while qualitative uses conceptual/text analysis and emergent or flexible designs to generate understanding. Finally, it addresses translating texts into themes and concepts during analysis.
Lecture-1 Epistomology and Scientific methods of Inquery
This document summarizes a lecture on epistemology and scientific methods of inquiry. The lecture covered key concepts in epistemology like rationalism, empiricism, inductive and deductive reasoning. It defined science as a way of understanding the unknown through organized evidence and exploration. The scientific method was discussed as a process involving asking questions, forming hypotheses, experimentation, analysis and conclusions. Limitations of scientific knowledge like its empirical basis and inability to make value judgments were also noted.
Proseminar in Cross-National Studies: From Idea to Publishing in the Social S...
This document outlines the typical structure of empirical research articles and provides guidance on publishing article-length research. It discusses the key sections including: introduction, theory and hypotheses, data and methods, results, and conclusion. Each section is described in 1-2 sentences. For example, the introduction section should clearly state the research question and importance of the study. The theory and hypotheses section must explicitly define concepts and theoretical relationships. The conclusion should summarize major findings, implications, and limitations. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the standard structure of research articles and considerations for framing and pursuing publication.
What is Science?
The document discusses identifying bias in scientific studies. It states that good science minimizes bias through random sampling, minimizing measurement bias, and having a large enough sample size. Bias can influence results and different scientists may find different solutions to the same problem. The scientific community engages in quality control like independent duplication of studies and peer review to eliminate bias. Results are more reliable if verified through these methods.
Research Methodolgy introduction
a short lecture to give students and doctors in the medical field a brief summary about research conduction.
Research Ethics
The document outlines key principles of research ethics that a researcher should follow, including honesty, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, keeping promises and commitments, and being careful. It notes that a researcher should protect confidential information, avoid plagiarism, and give proper credit to others' work. The document also lists qualities needed for research, such as knowledge of methodology, intelligence, communication skills, and being systematic. Qualities of an ideal supervisor are described as well, including expertise in their field, support, availability, and interest in students' careers.
Clinical research ( intro and research question)
This document provides an overview of the clinical research process. It discusses what research is, the purposes of research, and the typical steps involved. These steps include prioritizing a research topic, reviewing existing literature, developing a proposal, obtaining approval, collecting and analyzing data, writing reports, and presenting results. The document also covers generating research questions using techniques like critical thinking and observation. It introduces frameworks for formulating good research questions, including PICO/PECO for structuring questions and FINER for testing question feasibility. Finally, it discusses formulating hypotheses for the research.
Scientific research
This document discusses scientific research principles and practices. It defines science as the systematic acquisition of knowledge using the scientific method. There are two broad categories of science: natural science, which studies natural phenomena, and social science, which studies human behavior and societies. Natural sciences tend to be more precise and accurate while social sciences have more uncertainty due to measurement errors. Scientific research operates at both a theoretical level, developing and testing theories, and an empirical level through observations. Both inductive and deductive research are important but inductive research is more useful early on to build theories while deductive research tests existing theories. Mastering theoretical skills through experience is more challenging than learning methodological skills. The scientific method establishes techniques for building knowledge through valid observations
Research Objectives
This document discusses research objectives and how to formulate them properly. The objectives of a research study summarize what is to be achieved by answering the questions of what, where, and why. Well-defined objectives help focus the study, avoid collecting irrelevant data, and organize the study into phases. Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely. General objectives state what is expected at the end of the study in broad terms, while specific objectives break the goals down into smaller, logical components and use action verbs. Properly formulated objectives aid in developing methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and evaluating the project.
EBR external presentation
This document introduces evidence-based research (EBR). It discusses the scientific ideal of building upon past knowledge and systematically reviewing existing evidence before embarking on new research. However, the evidence shows researchers rarely use a systematic or transparent approach. To address this, an international group established the Evidence-Based Research Network to implement systematicity and transparency in all research phases through initiatives like the EVBRES COST action. Adopting an evidence-based approach could help prevent research waste, improve resource allocation, reduce errors, and restore trust by focusing on research that is relevant, necessary, and placed in proper context of prior results.
An Informational Approach to Evidence
An informational approach views evidence as semantic information. Evidence provides data that is well-formed, meaningful, and truthful within scientific practices and modeling. Treating evidence as information provides a general account that is flexible across research contexts while still specifying the factual content of evidence. Formal approaches analyze the probabilistic relationships between hypotheses and evidence, while evidential pluralism describes the specific contents of evidence in biomedical sciences. An informational perspective on evidence can help with model validation by considering the whole modeling practice rather than comparing models to rigid standards.
Clinical research (literature, protocol elements)
This document provides an overview of clinical research basics and medical literature. It discusses the importance of conducting literature reviews to avoid duplicating previous work and inform the research methodology. It describes the differences between journals, textbooks, and databases. Several common medical databases and research engines are listed, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. PubMed is described in more detail, outlining how to access and search it using keywords, filters, Boolean operators, and truncation. Steps for developing a strong research proposal are also outlined.
Meaning of research
Research is defined as a systematic and scientific search for knowledge on a specific topic. It involves formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions to advance existing knowledge. The objectives of research are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately describe situations, determine associations between variables, and test causal relationships through hypothesis testing. Motivations for research include obtaining degrees and benefits, solving problems, intellectual enjoyment, serving society, and gaining respect.
Research notes B.sc nursing 4rth year +919887888167
Nursing research is important to develop the scientific foundation of clinical practice and provide evidence-based care. The scientific method involves asking questions, conducting background research, developing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis of data, and communication of results. Nursing research helps build standards of care, scientific knowledge, and high quality evidence-based practice. Identifying a clear research problem is the first step in the scientific research process.
GROUNDED THEORY
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to generate theory from data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to develop concepts and build theories through an iterative process. The researcher begins with an area of interest but avoids preconceived hypotheses to remain open-minded. Data collection methods like interviews are used, with questions evolving based on emerging concepts. Constant comparison of data is done during coding to group data into categories and identify relationships between categories. The goal is to develop a core category that explains most variation in the data and relates other categories. Rigor is ensured through fit, relevance, workability and modifiability of the generated theory.
grounded theory
This document provides an overview of grounded theory as a qualitative research method. It describes grounded theory as a systematic approach used to generate theories about processes or interactions by inductively analyzing a corpus of data. The key aspects of grounded theory covered are that the goal is to develop a theory grounded in data from a natural setting; it involves concurrent data collection and analysis using techniques like theoretical sampling and constant comparison; and the researcher aims to minimize assumptions to allow a theory to emerge from the data.
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 1, Is This a Good Paper?
The document provides an overview on how to read and evaluate academic papers. It discusses the typical structure of papers, known as IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion). It outlines factors to consider in determining if a paper is worth reading such as the study design presented in the methods section. The document describes how to critically appraise papers by considering why the study was done, what type of study design was used, and if the design was appropriate. It also reviews hierarchies of evidence, common terms, the peer review process, and reasons why papers may be rejected.
Introduction to Research Methods in the Social Services 04
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Scientific method of research
The document outlines the scientific research method and provides guidance on developing mathematical models and completing a thesis. It describes the four steps of the scientific method as observation, hypothesis, testing, and predictions. Experimental testing is used to evaluate hypotheses. Mathematical models can be empirical, based on experimental data, or deterministic using first principles. Completing one full iteration of the scientific method would be sufficient for an MS thesis, while a PhD thesis requires publishable results from multiple iterations applying the scientific process.
GROUNDED THEORY
This document provides an overview of grounded theory, a qualitative research method developed by sociologists Glaser and Strauss in 1967. It describes grounded theory as an inductive technique where the theory is developed from the collected data. Key aspects of grounded theory include continuous data collection and analysis to develop a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon while grounding it in empirical observations. The process involves coding data through open, axial and selective coding to identify categories and their properties and link them to develop a core category or theory.
Nature of Science and Science Education
The presentation was for science teachers at a conference. It introduces some philosophy of science showing the philosophical origins of key ideas. It raises the issue of truth in science teaching.
Harikesh maurya
M.Pharm (Pharmacology), Persuing PhD in Kumaun University Nainital (UK), Have 3 year experience in the field of Clinical Research and 4 year experience in the field of academic research and lecturer.
Scientific inv and nature of science
Here are 3 observations and an inference for each set of animal tracks:
Set 1:
Observations:
1. There are 4 toe prints in each track.
2. The prints form a line with space between each set.
3. The prints are rounded with claw marks.
Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were made by a dog or wolf.
Set 2:
Observations:
1. There are 3 long toe prints in each track.
2. The prints form a staggered line with one print in front of the other.
3. The prints are elongated with no claw marks.
Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were
How to Critique a Research paper
1. The document provides guidelines for critiquing a research paper, outlining major sections to evaluate such as the problem statement, literature review, hypotheses, sample, research design, instruments, data analysis, and conclusions.
2. Key areas to assess include whether the relationships between variables are clearly defined, the sample and design are appropriate, reliability and validity of instruments is reported, and statistical analysis and conclusions follow from the study design and results.
3. The guidelines are intended to help critically evaluate how well a research paper is designed and conducted.
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Presentation for universal access and service
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2. Technology changes have lowered costs and expanded what services should be included in universal access, such as broadband and internet access now. Countries are taking more ambitious universal access goals as a result.
3. Providing universal access helps stimulate economic and social development through widespread communication access, but non-commercial and rural areas still require subsidies or alternative approaches to achieve universal goals.
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Research Ethics
The document outlines key principles of research ethics that a researcher should follow, including honesty, respect for intellectual property, confidentiality, keeping promises and commitments, and being careful. It notes that a researcher should protect confidential information, avoid plagiarism, and give proper credit to others' work. The document also lists qualities needed for research, such as knowledge of methodology, intelligence, communication skills, and being systematic. Qualities of an ideal supervisor are described as well, including expertise in their field, support, availability, and interest in students' careers.
Clinical research ( intro and research question)
This document provides an overview of the clinical research process. It discusses what research is, the purposes of research, and the typical steps involved. These steps include prioritizing a research topic, reviewing existing literature, developing a proposal, obtaining approval, collecting and analyzing data, writing reports, and presenting results. The document also covers generating research questions using techniques like critical thinking and observation. It introduces frameworks for formulating good research questions, including PICO/PECO for structuring questions and FINER for testing question feasibility. Finally, it discusses formulating hypotheses for the research.
Scientific research
This document discusses scientific research principles and practices. It defines science as the systematic acquisition of knowledge using the scientific method. There are two broad categories of science: natural science, which studies natural phenomena, and social science, which studies human behavior and societies. Natural sciences tend to be more precise and accurate while social sciences have more uncertainty due to measurement errors. Scientific research operates at both a theoretical level, developing and testing theories, and an empirical level through observations. Both inductive and deductive research are important but inductive research is more useful early on to build theories while deductive research tests existing theories. Mastering theoretical skills through experience is more challenging than learning methodological skills. The scientific method establishes techniques for building knowledge through valid observations
Research Objectives
This document discusses research objectives and how to formulate them properly. The objectives of a research study summarize what is to be achieved by answering the questions of what, where, and why. Well-defined objectives help focus the study, avoid collecting irrelevant data, and organize the study into phases. Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely. General objectives state what is expected at the end of the study in broad terms, while specific objectives break the goals down into smaller, logical components and use action verbs. Properly formulated objectives aid in developing methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and evaluating the project.
EBR external presentation
This document introduces evidence-based research (EBR). It discusses the scientific ideal of building upon past knowledge and systematically reviewing existing evidence before embarking on new research. However, the evidence shows researchers rarely use a systematic or transparent approach. To address this, an international group established the Evidence-Based Research Network to implement systematicity and transparency in all research phases through initiatives like the EVBRES COST action. Adopting an evidence-based approach could help prevent research waste, improve resource allocation, reduce errors, and restore trust by focusing on research that is relevant, necessary, and placed in proper context of prior results.
An Informational Approach to Evidence
An informational approach views evidence as semantic information. Evidence provides data that is well-formed, meaningful, and truthful within scientific practices and modeling. Treating evidence as information provides a general account that is flexible across research contexts while still specifying the factual content of evidence. Formal approaches analyze the probabilistic relationships between hypotheses and evidence, while evidential pluralism describes the specific contents of evidence in biomedical sciences. An informational perspective on evidence can help with model validation by considering the whole modeling practice rather than comparing models to rigid standards.
Clinical research (literature, protocol elements)
This document provides an overview of clinical research basics and medical literature. It discusses the importance of conducting literature reviews to avoid duplicating previous work and inform the research methodology. It describes the differences between journals, textbooks, and databases. Several common medical databases and research engines are listed, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. PubMed is described in more detail, outlining how to access and search it using keywords, filters, Boolean operators, and truncation. Steps for developing a strong research proposal are also outlined.
Meaning of research
Research is defined as a systematic and scientific search for knowledge on a specific topic. It involves formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions to advance existing knowledge. The objectives of research are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately describe situations, determine associations between variables, and test causal relationships through hypothesis testing. Motivations for research include obtaining degrees and benefits, solving problems, intellectual enjoyment, serving society, and gaining respect.
Research notes B.sc nursing 4rth year +919887888167
Nursing research is important to develop the scientific foundation of clinical practice and provide evidence-based care. The scientific method involves asking questions, conducting background research, developing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis of data, and communication of results. Nursing research helps build standards of care, scientific knowledge, and high quality evidence-based practice. Identifying a clear research problem is the first step in the scientific research process.
GROUNDED THEORY
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to generate theory from data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to develop concepts and build theories through an iterative process. The researcher begins with an area of interest but avoids preconceived hypotheses to remain open-minded. Data collection methods like interviews are used, with questions evolving based on emerging concepts. Constant comparison of data is done during coding to group data into categories and identify relationships between categories. The goal is to develop a core category that explains most variation in the data and relates other categories. Rigor is ensured through fit, relevance, workability and modifiability of the generated theory.
grounded theory
This document provides an overview of grounded theory as a qualitative research method. It describes grounded theory as a systematic approach used to generate theories about processes or interactions by inductively analyzing a corpus of data. The key aspects of grounded theory covered are that the goal is to develop a theory grounded in data from a natural setting; it involves concurrent data collection and analysis using techniques like theoretical sampling and constant comparison; and the researcher aims to minimize assumptions to allow a theory to emerge from the data.
How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 1, Is This a Good Paper?
The document provides an overview on how to read and evaluate academic papers. It discusses the typical structure of papers, known as IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion). It outlines factors to consider in determining if a paper is worth reading such as the study design presented in the methods section. The document describes how to critically appraise papers by considering why the study was done, what type of study design was used, and if the design was appropriate. It also reviews hierarchies of evidence, common terms, the peer review process, and reasons why papers may be rejected.
Introduction to Research Methods in the Social Services 04
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Scientific method of research
The document outlines the scientific research method and provides guidance on developing mathematical models and completing a thesis. It describes the four steps of the scientific method as observation, hypothesis, testing, and predictions. Experimental testing is used to evaluate hypotheses. Mathematical models can be empirical, based on experimental data, or deterministic using first principles. Completing one full iteration of the scientific method would be sufficient for an MS thesis, while a PhD thesis requires publishable results from multiple iterations applying the scientific process.
GROUNDED THEORY
This document provides an overview of grounded theory, a qualitative research method developed by sociologists Glaser and Strauss in 1967. It describes grounded theory as an inductive technique where the theory is developed from the collected data. Key aspects of grounded theory include continuous data collection and analysis to develop a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon while grounding it in empirical observations. The process involves coding data through open, axial and selective coding to identify categories and their properties and link them to develop a core category or theory.
Nature of Science and Science Education
The presentation was for science teachers at a conference. It introduces some philosophy of science showing the philosophical origins of key ideas. It raises the issue of truth in science teaching.
Harikesh maurya
M.Pharm (Pharmacology), Persuing PhD in Kumaun University Nainital (UK), Have 3 year experience in the field of Clinical Research and 4 year experience in the field of academic research and lecturer.
Scientific inv and nature of science
Here are 3 observations and an inference for each set of animal tracks:
Set 1:
Observations:
1. There are 4 toe prints in each track.
2. The prints form a line with space between each set.
3. The prints are rounded with claw marks.
Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were made by a dog or wolf.
Set 2:
Observations:
1. There are 3 long toe prints in each track.
2. The prints form a staggered line with one print in front of the other.
3. The prints are elongated with no claw marks.
Inference: Based on the observations, I infer these tracks were
How to Critique a Research paper
1. The document provides guidelines for critiquing a research paper, outlining major sections to evaluate such as the problem statement, literature review, hypotheses, sample, research design, instruments, data analysis, and conclusions.
2. Key areas to assess include whether the relationships between variables are clearly defined, the sample and design are appropriate, reliability and validity of instruments is reported, and statistical analysis and conclusions follow from the study design and results.
3. The guidelines are intended to help critically evaluate how well a research paper is designed and conducted.
Hans Lund: Background and Introduction to the COST Action EVBRES
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Research notes B.sc nursing 4rth year +919887888167
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How To Read A Medical Paper: Part 1, Is This a Good Paper?
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Introduction to Research Methods in the Social Services 04
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5. Which method is more practical: grammar-translation method or communicative teaching method in public schools in Cambodia? (This question is clear
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
Anila(1)(1)
This document discusses the need for research in the teaching and learning process. It defines research as a systematic quest for knowledge aimed at increasing our understanding. Research involves identifying a problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The document outlines several benefits of research, including gathering necessary information, making improvements, and understanding history. Research is significant as it leads to progress, safer living, and exposing the truth. Several key steps in conducting research are also described. The document concludes that research is essential across all fields of study, including education, as it enhances efficiency and advances human welfare.
1 Nature of Inquiry and Research.pptx
This document provides information on quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research uses measurable data and statistics, while qualitative research seeks an in-depth understanding through naturalistic processes focused on human experiences, words, and meanings. Examples are given of qualitative research studies across different fields, including a study exploring why social media use makes people happy, a study on black women's sense of belonging in STEM fields, and a study analyzing gallery talks through a social phenomenological method.
Research paradigm
This document outlines several social science paradigms used in research, including positivism, post-positivism, constructivism, critical theory, and feminism. It also discusses deductive and inductive theory construction. Positivism views reality as objective and values empirical observation, while constructivism sees reality as subjective and values interpretation. Deductive research reasons from existing theories to hypotheses, while inductive research uses observation to discover patterns and develop theories.
Assignment ronald
This document discusses the nature and scope of science. It defines science as both a process of observation, exploration, and testing hypotheses to acquire knowledge, as well as the body of knowledge itself. The key processes of science include observation, comparison, classification, communication, measurement, and making inferences. Science also produces tangible results in the form of facts, concepts, principles, theories and laws. The scope of science encompasses developing scientific thinking, interests, skills, and literacy to further national goals and standards of living.
1_Basics of Research.pptx
Research is defined as an organized method of finding new ideas or knowledge from existing information to improve quality of life. The aims of research are to verify existing ideas, acquire new knowledge, apply new knowledge, and advance the researcher's expertise. There are two main types of research: basic or pure research which seeks new knowledge for its own sake, and applied research which aims to find applications of knowledge. Research can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. Qualitative research explores meanings through techniques like interviews while quantitative research tests relationships among variables statistically.
Assignment ronald
This document discusses the nature and scope of science. It defines science as both a process of observing, describing, exploring and testing hypotheses about the physical world, as well as a body of knowledge. The key processes of science include observation, comparison, classification, communication, measurement, and making inferences. Science is also considered a product that accumulates facts, concepts, principles, theories and laws through applying systematic processes. The scope of science includes developing scientific attitudes, skills, literacy and raising standards of living.
Research methodology part 1
This document discusses research methodology and provides an overview of key concepts in conducting research. It describes research as a systematic, rigorous, and empirical process of inquiry aimed at discovering and interpreting new facts or reaching new conclusions. The document outlines various types of research based on their application, objectives, and inquiry mode, and discusses important characteristics of research such as being controlled, valid, and verifiable. It also presents various frameworks for classifying research purposes and types.
Research forum
This document provides an overview and transcript of a research forum presentation covering various topics related to conducting research such as defining research, identifying research problems, developing hypotheses, reviewing literature, and more. The presentation was given on February 21, 2014 at Brokenshire College and provides guidance on key aspects of the research process.
An overview of research methodology
This document discusses key aspects of research methodology including definitions of research, objectives of research, characteristics of good research, types of research, formulation of research problems, and research design. Research methodology is the systematic approach to solving research problems. It aims to describe research methods and clarify their assumptions and implications. Some key points covered include defining a research problem, developing a research design, and considering factors such as feasibility and scope when planning a study. The document provides an overview of developing the framework and approach for conducting research.
Practical-Research-Grade-11.pdf
This document discusses qualitative research methods and the research process. It defines research and outlines its key characteristics such as being empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, methodical, and replicable. The document describes different types of research including basic, applied, and developmental research. It also discusses the various steps involved in the research process, from identifying a problem to collecting and analyzing data. Finally, it covers important issues in research ethics like informed consent and protecting vulnerable participants.
An Overview of Research and Methodologies.ppt
Introduction to Research & Research methodology
2. Selection and formulation of research problem
3. Research design and plan
4. Experimental designs
5. Sampling and sampling strategy or plan
6. Measurement and scaling techniques
7. Data collection methods and techniques
8. Testing of hypotheses
9. Statistical techniques for processing & analysis of data
10. Analysis, interpretation and drawing inferences
11. Report writing
Practical Research Lesson1.pptx
This document discusses the nature and importance of research. It defines research as an organized investigation to develop facts and reach new conclusions. Research aims to improve quality of life through appropriate problem-solving. There are two main types of research: basic research increases understanding of problems, while applied research seeks specific answers and solutions. The document outlines the key characteristics, processes, and ethics of research, including being empirical, systematic, and objective. Research ethics promote accountability, credibility, and public awareness of research.
Lecture 1 RM (1).pptx research
Research is a systematic investigation to discover new information or verify existing facts. It involves collecting data through objective analysis and experiments. The goals of research are to discover new facts, verify existing knowledge, analyze relationships, and develop new theories. People conduct research for various motivations such as obtaining an advanced degree, solving problems, gaining recognition, or satisfying curiosity. Research is important for advancing knowledge in many fields like science, technology, medicine, and social sciences. It provides solutions to problems and guidelines for government policies. Choosing appropriate research methods and methodology is essential for effectively planning and conducting research.
Introduction to Research by Aniket Singh Chauhan
This presentation delves into the fundamentals of research, exploring key concepts such as the role of theory in shaping research endeavors, ethical considerations in conducting research, and the importance of selecting a relevant research area or topic. Through a comprehensive review of literature, researchers can identify gaps in existing knowledge and develop a theoretical framework to guide their investigations.
Research Methodology
This document discusses research methodology and provides guidance for students and researchers. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to discover new information or revise existing knowledge through objective analysis. The document outlines various components of research including objectives, motivations, importance, and methods. It emphasizes that research is important for solving problems, advancing knowledge, and informing policies across scientific and non-scientific fields. The document is intended to educate and motivate young researchers.
introduction to research-2023.ppt
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methods. It outlines the aim and objectives of the course which are to give participants an appreciation of the research process and enable them to describe research, prepare proposals, design instruments, collect and analyze data, and write reports. It defines research and describes the importance of research being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. It also discusses the different types of research including basic research, applied research, and evaluation research. The document outlines the overall research process and covers topics such as identifying research areas, the qualities of a good topic, research philosophies including epistemology and axiology, and the different methodologies of quantitative and qualitative research.
Ch 1 research introduciton
This document outlines the learning objectives and content for a course on research methods for computer science and software engineering. The objectives include explaining the purpose of research, understanding basic research concepts, acquiring skills to formulate research problems and design research projects. The document discusses different research approaches like quantitative, qualitative and design science methods. It also covers topics like theories, constructs, variables, conceptual frameworks, propositions, and hypotheses. The teaching methods will include lectures, group work, projects and presentations. Students will be evaluated based on assignments, exams and participation.
nature and scope of science
This document outlines the three facets of science: content (body of knowledge including facts, concepts, hypotheses and theories), process (scientific inquiry including processes like observing, classifying and experimenting), and context (scientific attitudes like curiosity, open-mindedness and collaboration). It describes each facet in more detail and provides examples of scientific processes and attitudes. The conclusion states that the three facets should form the framework for understanding and teaching science at all levels, but that often only the content knowledge of specific fields is taught without the genuine nature of science.
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What is Science
- 1. Evt. tekst What is Science? Idongesit Williams PhD Fellow CMI, AAU idong@cmi.aau.dk
- 2. 2 What is science Traditions/ Paradigms Data Gathering Research Strategy Science and Truth Engaging stakeholders/phenomenun OUTLINE
- 3. 3 WHAT IS SCIENCE Latin: Knowledge Reliable knowledge that can be logically and rationally explained Physical Science/ Natural Science, Social sciences, Arts Natural Sciences/Physical Sciences Pursuing knowledge geared towards natural and physical science
- 4. 4 TRADITIONS/PARADIGMS Positivist Interpretivist I am objective in my world view I am subjective in my world view I follow laid down rules to solve problems I am free to solve problems using any solution I stick to my discipline I am interdisciplinary and multi multi- disciplinary
- 5. 5 DATA GATHERING Positivist: Quantitative data (numerical data, quantity) Interpretivist: Qualitative data (Non-numerical data) gathering and mixed data gathering methods
- 8. 8
- 9. 9 SCIENCE AND TRUTH Science begins with a problem Finding focus Logical/Critical thinking The quest to find the truth truth Slide 1
- 10. 10 ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS How you see the problem How others see the problem How do I get the understanding of the next person Slide 2 Art of communication
- 11. 11 MY RESEARCH Researching into Public Private Initiatives in developing rural telecommunications Topic Problem Rural areas have little or no telecom services due to the cost high cost of deploying the Service and people can’t afford the service. Hypothesis If the public and the private sector collaborate, it will be cheaper to deploy these services Test Theories: Actor Network Theory, Stakeholder Theory Methodology: Mixed methods Method/Tools: Interviews, questionnaires, observation, elicitation, desktop research, Information for seminars, conferences, Type of Research: Exploratory, case studies Paradigm: Interpretivist (Anti-positivist), Sub-paradigm: Constructivist, Critical theory
- 12. 12 Source NCC Nigeria CONCLUSION Science is a kind of knowledge The knowledge should be rational and logical Any knowledge in any field can be called science as long as it is Rational and logical
- 13. 13
- 14. 14
- 15. 15
- 16. 16 Source: ITU
- 17. 17Activities during QoS measurement
- 18. 18
- 19. 19