Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Fascism for PS 240 Intro to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Defines totalitarianism; highlights Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler with clips of all three (don't have to use the entire length of clips). Also, there is a youtube clip from the movie V for Vendetta
Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on Fascism for PS 240 Intro to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Defines totalitarianism; highlights Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler with clips of all three (don't have to use the entire length of clips). Also, there is a youtube clip from the movie V for Vendetta
Chapter 10. Political Socialization The Making of a CitizenLear.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 10. Political Socialization: The Making of a Citizen
Learning Objectives
· 1Describe the model citizen in democratic theory and explain the concept.
· 2Define socialization and explain the relevance of this concept in the study of politics.
· 3Explain how a disparate population of individuals and groups (families, clans, and tribes) can be forged into a cohesive society.
· 4Demonstrate how socialization affects political behavior and analyze what happens when socialization fails.
· 5Characterize the role of television and the Internet in influencing people’s political beliefs and behavior, and evaluate their impact on the quality of citizenship in contemporary society.
The year is 1932. The Soviet Union is suffering a severe shortage of food, and millions go hungry. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Communist Party and head of the Soviet government, has undertaken a vast reordering of Soviet agriculture that eliminates a whole class of landholders (the kulaks) and collectivizes all farmland. Henceforth, every farm and all farm products belong to the state. To deter theft of what is now considered state property, the Soviet government enacts a law prohibiting individual farmers from appropriating any grain for their own private use. Acting under this law, a young boy reports his father to the authorities for concealing grain. The father is shot for stealing state property. Soon after, the boy is killed by a group of peasants, led by his uncle, who are outraged that he would betray his own father. The government, taking a radically different view of the affair, extols the boy as a patriotic martyr.
Stalin considered the little boy in this story a model citizen, a hero. How citizenship is defined says a lot about a government and the philosophy or ideology that underpins it.
The Good Citizen
Stalin’s celebration of a child’s act of betrayal as heroic points to a distinction Aristotle originally made: The good citizen is defined by laws, regimes, and rulers, but the moral fiber (and universal characteristics) of a good person is fixed, and it transcends the expectations of any particular political regime.*
Good citizenship includes behaving in accordance with the rules, norms, and expectations of our own state and society. Thus, the actual requirements vary widely. A good citizen in Soviet Russia of the 1930s was a person whose first loyalty was to the Communist Party. The test of good citizenship in a totalitarian state is this: Are you willing to subordinate all personal convictions and even family loyalties to the dictates of political authority, and to follow the dictator’s whims no matter where they may lead? In marked contrast are the standards of citizenship in constitutional democracies, which prize and protect freedom of conscience and speech.
Where the requirements of the abstract good citizen—always defined by the state—come into conflict with the moral compass of actual citizens, and where the state seeks to obscure or obliterate t.
Topic of discussion Uptopian IdeasRequired Textbook curranalmeta
Topic of discussion :
Uptopian Ideas
Required Textbook:
Magstadt, T. M. (2017).
Understanding politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues
. Australia: Cengage Learning. 12th Edition.
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapter 3, 4; review Chapter 2 (Section: Ideologies and Politics in the United States)
Lesson
Additional scholarly sources you identify through your own research
.
Instructions:
Explain one of the perfect political systems of Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Marx, or Skinner. Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or lesson,
and
at least two outside scholarly source.
Lesson: Political Science Theories
Theories
After the fall of Rome, within Western civilizations, the Church ultimately became interwoven with the centralized power of the appointed kings and queens. But over time, philosophers, and then the people, wondered if this was the best way to organize a government. They began by questioning the Church's role in government, and ultimately expanded into an examination of the need for monarchies in general.
These thoughts began with the work of Niccolo Machiavelli in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries. In The Prince, Machiavelli discusses the role of power in maintaining rule. Although not a direct link to democratic thought because he is advising a prince on how to keep his control over the people, his work was one of the first to hint at a need for a separation of church and state, which is a concept that still elicits controversy today.
Roughly a century later, Thomas Hobbes also questioned the role of the Church within the government. In writing Leviathan, Hobbes advocated the need for a large governmental structure (thus a leviathan) to rule over the people and he began to question the role of the Church in this process. Although a supporter of authoritarian governments, Hobbes was not a supporter of the Church's power within government. Outside of this premise, he is also known for coining the phrase "state of nature." This idea stems from his examination of what people look like without any government. He saw this state as very bleak, representing utter chaos and strife, because he theorized that without a strong ruling government to keep the peace, people would be at war with one another as they attempted to seize power from one another as a means of getting what they desired and as a way to avoid what they did not. However, in contrast to what he was proposing, by looking at humanity at its core, he introduced the idea of humanity as thinking for itself, which is the foundation of any democracy.
It was this concept that John Locke then built upon a few decades later by suggesting that the people move away from an all-oppressive ruler to a government based upon the rule of the citizens with a system of checks and balances,. Locke's ideas serve as the basis of much of the U.S. founding documents, such as th ...
Essay 1 400 – 700 wordsOn July 27, 1936, President Franklin Roo.docxelbanglis
Essay 1: 400 – 700 words
On July 27, 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt accepted his re-nomination as the Democratic Party’s presidential choice. He would go on to win re-election that year, again in 1940, and again in 1944, dying in office in April of 1945 just as the war in Europe ended. Below is an excerpt from his 1936 acceptance speech. Using the material provided in this class and your ability to analyze primary sources, please explain the context for the speech.
When Roosevelt spoke of a “rendezvous with destiny,” what did he mean?
To successfully answer this question, you need to address three other queries related to the text and the material. What framework would the audience have from previous events? What values is he asking the audience to embrace? What events of the next decade is FDR foreshadowing?
.... That very word freedom, in itself and of necessity, suggests freedom from some restraining power ... man’s inventive genius released new forces in our land which reordered the lives of our people. The age of machinery, of railroads; of steam and electricity; the telegraph and the radio; mass production, mass distribution—all of these combined to bring forward a new civilization and with it a new problem for those who sought to remain free.
For out of this modern civilization economic royalists carved new dynasties. New kingdoms were built upon concentration of control over material things. Through new uses of corporations, banks and securities, new machinery of industry and agriculture, of labor and capital—all undreamed of by the fathers—the whole structure of modern life was impressed into this royal service.
There was no place among this royalty for our many thousands of small businessmen and merchants who sought to make a worthy use of the American system of initiative and profit. They were no more free than the worker or the farmer. Even honest and progressive-minded men of wealth, aware of their obligation to their generation, could never know just where they fitted into this dynastic scheme of things.
For too many of us the political equality we once had won was meaningless in the face of economic inequality. A small group had concentrated into their own hands an almost complete control over other people’s property, other people’s money, other people’s labor—other people’s lives. For too many of us life was no longer free; liberty no longer real; men could no longer follow the pursuit of happiness.
Today we stand committed to the proposition that freedom is no half-and-half affair. If the average citizen is guaranteed equal opportunity in the polling place, he must have equal opportunity in the market place.
Governments can err, Presidents do make mistakes, but the immortal Dante tells us that divine justice weighs the sins of the cold-blooded and the sins of the warm-hearted in different scales.
Better the occasional faults of a Government that lives in a spirit of charity than the consistent omissions of a Govern ...
Essay 1 400 – 700 wordsOn July 27, 1936, President Franklin Roo.docxrusselldayna
Essay 1: 400 – 700 words
On July 27, 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt accepted his re-nomination as the Democratic Party’s presidential choice. He would go on to win re-election that year, again in 1940, and again in 1944, dying in office in April of 1945 just as the war in Europe ended. Below is an excerpt from his 1936 acceptance speech. Using the material provided in this class and your ability to analyze primary sources, please explain the context for the speech.
When Roosevelt spoke of a “rendezvous with destiny,” what did he mean?
To successfully answer this question, you need to address three other queries related to the text and the material. What framework would the audience have from previous events? What values is he asking the audience to embrace? What events of the next decade is FDR foreshadowing?
.... That very word freedom, in itself and of necessity, suggests freedom from some restraining power ... man’s inventive genius released new forces in our land which reordered the lives of our people. The age of machinery, of railroads; of steam and electricity; the telegraph and the radio; mass production, mass distribution—all of these combined to bring forward a new civilization and with it a new problem for those who sought to remain free.
For out of this modern civilization economic royalists carved new dynasties. New kingdoms were built upon concentration of control over material things. Through new uses of corporations, banks and securities, new machinery of industry and agriculture, of labor and capital—all undreamed of by the fathers—the whole structure of modern life was impressed into this royal service.
There was no place among this royalty for our many thousands of small businessmen and merchants who sought to make a worthy use of the American system of initiative and profit. They were no more free than the worker or the farmer. Even honest and progressive-minded men of wealth, aware of their obligation to their generation, could never know just where they fitted into this dynastic scheme of things.
For too many of us the political equality we once had won was meaningless in the face of economic inequality. A small group had concentrated into their own hands an almost complete control over other people’s property, other people’s money, other people’s labor—other people’s lives. For too many of us life was no longer free; liberty no longer real; men could no longer follow the pursuit of happiness.
Today we stand committed to the proposition that freedom is no half-and-half affair. If the average citizen is guaranteed equal opportunity in the polling place, he must have equal opportunity in the market place.
Governments can err, Presidents do make mistakes, but the immortal Dante tells us that divine justice weighs the sins of the cold-blooded and the sins of the warm-hearted in different scales.
Better the occasional faults of a Government that lives in a spirit of charity than the consistent omissions of a Govern.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
5. Every individual is equal before the law and all citizens are subject to the lawCommon Themes
6. Classical Liberal Thinkers of Influence Karl Marx: the present organization of society must be destroyed, even through violent revolution, if necessary, because only through such destruction can a better political, economic, and social organization be achieved. To establish this new format of society, working men must be organized and take up the struggle against the capitalists who defraud them. The proletariat is arrayed against capitalism. This struggle, according to Marx will end in victory for the proletariat, that is, in the triumph of universal Socialism. John Mill individual rights and freedoms including freedom of speech. The only limitations should be if one’s actions could harm another John Locke Believed humans had inalienable natural rights (Life, liberty, security, private property) Government accountability to the people Ownership and protection of private property Believed in a Social contract Advocate for Rule of law and protection of civil liberties, rights, and freedoms are under a constitution
7. Rejections to Liberalism [Cooperation] –Reject Individual Rights and Freedoms 1. Use of Secret Police to enforce the rules of the government. Germany: Gestapo, Soviet Union: KGB [Both had one party rule] --Rejection of Individual Rights and Freedoms. 2. Only one party was allowed to exist; had one single, charismatic leader. [Collective Interest]-Rejects Individual Rights and Freedoms 3. Central control of all organizations (schools, arts, clubs, the economy.) 4. The governments in both nations, began creating workhouses, providing jobs for all citizens. The catch with these jobs is the citizens HAD to work. There was no choice, even small children were put to work in the factories because they were small and useful for some of the most dangerous jobs. Nazi Germany: Reactionary Soviet Union: Revolutionary
12. Nobles were very rich peasants were very poor, out of date farming methods and famines. Factory conditions in the industrial revolution were very poor. Living conditions were poor
13. War chaos; 15 million deaths, inflations and famine.
14.
15. The Extent to Which the Rejections of Liberalism are Justified Nazi Germany Germany struggled to overcome the economic and political turmoil that they were faced with after World War One. They suffered inflation and the unemployment rates increased dramatically. The lack of faith in the present government led to the development of political organizations that called for extreme changes. The people of Germany became desperate and were willing to give up anything for a stable and powerful country once again; even if it meant losing their Individual Rights and Freedoms. When Hitler was becoming more and more powerful and influential, people became drawn to his idea of social reform. He promised to gain political power, obtain national glory, and economic help that was greatly needed after the depression. Hitler had a strong political party that became known as the Nazis, who used aggressive nationalism and militarianism in order to increase authority in Germany. Even though Hitler's technique was very aggressive and terrorizing, the citizens of Germany were desperate to feel glorified especially after being in such turmoil after World War One. Hitler’s promises for a prosperous, orderly, and harmonious society was quickly supported by large masses of German citizens. Hitler's extreme reactionary ideologies were supported because the citizens would rather give up some aspects of liberalism than continuously live in severe economic turmoil. Soviet communism Joseph Stalin was a radical ruler who focused mainly on developing the Soviet Union’s industrial and military powers. The majority of the years as a dictator, Stalin used the forces of terror to further his dictatorship and increase his power. Stalin rejected many principles of liberalisms throughout his reign of power, competition is just one of the many. During Stalin’s years of dictator, he allowed no one to oppose his decisions. He began to jail or execute those who had helped him rise to power, in fear of them threatening his rule of power. Stalin also was responsible for the death of millions of Soviet peasants who opposed his program for government controlled farms, rejecting yet another principle of liberalism, private property. Even though Joseph Stalin’s way of running the government and country was very radical and forceful, there were intelligent reasoning behind his techniques. Stalin did not allow any one to oppose his decisions because he felt so strongly about developing the country the way he believed it could potentially become. Although Stalin rejected many principles of liberalism, the previously underdeveloped country became one of the world’s greatest industrial and military powers. Soviet Communism and Stalin’s reign of power was an era where Soviet citizens, as well as much of the world, were fearful of the possibility of Communism becoming a common form of government.
19. A few examples of Taliban rules, decrees and prohibitions as posted in Afghanistan in 1996.
20.
21. Because of the treaty, economic conditions of the nation crashed terribly, and the people were left beat and broken down. Many blamed their government for the downfalls and for the humiliation of the country. This caused the people to have resent for their government and the voters began to lean towards a liberal democratic system.
22. They began to associate liberal policies with the powerful victors of WW1, Britain, France and the US. They also began to believe that it was liberalism that defeated Germany in the War.
23. In the early 1920’s, Germany had to officially admit defeat, they could not continue paying the reparations of the Treaty. France and Belgium moved into Germany, with the intent of claiming the reparations from Germany. Workers and owners in the area went on strike, halting manufacturing and causing inflation to sky rocket.
24. American Banks began to loan money to Germany, in order to partially stabilize the economy as well as allow for the reparations to continue being paid, however this left Germany with a massive debt.
25. The NAZI Part and Hitler saw this as an opportunity to gain the trust of the German people.
26. Hitler declared that it was the responsibility of the state to provide every citizen with chance to earn a living.
27. Hitler and his party appealed to the Germany people, because of the thought of returning to an authoritarian style of government, which Germany had in the past.
28. The NAZI Party promised to return to the ways of the past, which the German people saw as better.
![Connections The declaration of independence The Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen Individual Rights and Freedoms “…among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation” “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed…with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” Rule of Law “…whenever any From of Government becomes destructive…it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government” “A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people” Individual Rights and Freedoms 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights 2. The Aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptibly rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else 9. …all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty 11. The free communication of ideas and opinions Private Property 2. (continued) These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. 17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity...shall clearly demand it Rule of Law 6. Law is the expression of the general will…It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes 7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)