This document provides an overview of the history of ancient and feudal Japan. It discusses early Japanese culture and the influence of China, the rise of a hereditary system and Shintoism as the main religion. It describes the Kamakura period which established a warrior government and samurai class. The document also covers the Ashikaga and Tokugawa shogunates, the Meiji restoration which modernized Japan, and Japan's expansionist ambitions towards China in the 1930s.

1. A n c i e n t Japan
SJ
ho las Pioquinto,
Br. Jeffrey Nic
Feuda l Japan Hokkaido
Ear ly and
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu

2. Yayoi Culture in Japan
Han Dynasty in China
Early Ties with
C h i n a and Korea

3. Aborigines in Japan
Man Woman
Chief
Clan
A i n u Uji

4. The Relationship between hereditary rule and
ancestral worship became an important part of a
native religion - Shintoism
S h i n t o “The Way of the gods”

5. Simple religion based on
worship of the forces of nature...
Kami
spirits that are present in extraordinary people and things.
Inspires a feeling of awe and wonder
They worship waterfalls, sunset, rock formations
S h i n t o i s m Religion

6. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

7. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

8. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

9. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

10. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
Bronze Mirror
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

11. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
Bronze Mirror
Carved Jewel
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

12. AMATERASU Goddess of the Sun
her grandson descended to earth
and brought 3 things.
Bronze Mirror
Iron Sword
Carved Jewel
D e s c e n d a n t s o f t h e SUN

13. Yamato Clan - Descendants of Amaterasu
593 Empress Suiko chose her
nephew to rule as regent
Prince Shotoku
drafted the 17-Article Constitution
Ended the hereditary clans
Introduction of centralized government
based on Confucian principles
Adoption of Buddhism as state religion
Y a m a t o Clan

14. They rejected the idea of Mandate
of Heaven
Rejected China’s Examination System
S e l e c t i v e Borrowing

15. They rejected the idea of Mandate
of Heaven
because they can be overthrown
Rejected China’s Examination System
S e l e c t i v e Borrowing

16. They rejected the idea of Mandate
of Heaven
because they can be overthrown
Rejected China’s Examination System
because it opposed to their aristocratic rule
S e l e c t i v e Borrowing

17. They rejected the idea of Mandate
of Heaven
because they can be overthrown
Rejected China’s Examination System
because it opposed to their aristocratic rule
Sons of nobles were admitted to university
S e l e c t i v e Borrowing

18. Sent many missions to China, hoping to
learn about their laws and government...
Thousands of Japanese
students went to China to learn
about their civilization
P r i n c e Shotoku

19. Fujiwara 7th Century Opposition leader
TAIKA REFORM of 646
to model China’s political and economic institutions
End large landowning
established uniform tax system and measurement
Assigned military governor
Meant to copy the grandeur
of TANG DYNASTY
T a i k a Reform

20. Traditional Culture
remained
distinctively
Japanese
S E L E C T I V E Borrowing

21. 710 - The capital was NARA
794 The capital was moved to HEIAN (Kyoto)
Novels replaced poetry as the most popular form of literature
LADY MURASAKI
SHIKIBU The first novel ever1000 AD (Japan)
The Tale of Genji
written
The Classical age
o f HEIAN JAPAN

22. at the end of 11th Century the Heian Courts declined
LANDOWNDERS
They can collect taxes
Controlled productions-
got wealthy
Organized armies
for protections
P e r r e n i a l Problem

23. MINAMOTO FAMILY1185 AD
YORIMOTO
Established his government in Kamakura.
far from the influence of the imperial
court at Heian
J a p a n e s e FEUDALISM

24. YORIMOTO
The emperor gave Yorimoto the title:
SHOGUN
“Barbarian Subduing
General”
In theory, they ruled in the
name of the emperor but in practice, real authority
rested with the shogun
J a p a n e s e SHOGUNATE

25. To gain the loyalty of the
landlords Yorimoto
appointed powerful
lords as protector of the
provinces.
Moving from Civil Goverment to
Military Dictatorship
J a p a n e s e FEUDALISM

26. The lords estates were protected
by the SAMURAI
“Those who serve”
only them were allowed to wear
the two swords of the warriors
Samurai inherited their position as
warriors
Had the right to inherit land...
Rise of the SAMURAI

27. SAMURAI
BUSHIDO“The way of the warrior”
Called for the life of discipline and duty
1 They need to control their emotions
2 Loyalty to the lords
3 Loyalty was based on personal and moral
obligations rather than contract vassalage.
European feudalism
BUSHIDO

28. HONOR SAMURAI
If he was dishonored by capture or an
act of disloyalty to his lord, he would not hesitate
to commit:
SEPPUKU
HARA-KIRI “Belly-slitting”
thrusting a short knife into his abdomen then his friend
would cut off his head to complete the act of honor
S e p p u k u Hara-Kiri

29. ZEN BUDDHISM
All people were mutual in the eyes of god
they need to meditate their problem for a long period
of time until they suddenly reached SATORI
enlightenment
greater appeal on the samurai class for it emphasized
discipline and authority
New form of
BUDDHISM

30. Kamakura Period
Japan transformed itself into a culture very much of its
own making
K a m a k u r a Legacy

31. Kamakura Period
Japan transformed itself into a culture very much of its
own making Why ?
K a m a k u r a Legacy

32. Kamakura Period
Japan transformed itself into a culture very much of its
own making Why ?
No longer was Japan borrowing institutions and ideas
from China
K a m a k u r a Legacy

33. Kamakura Period
Rejected Centralized government and ruled indirect
and decentralized rule of the shogun
Military leader and not the gentry ruled the nation
Position of the hereditary emperor endured
but the power of the emperor, weak to begin with,
became even weaker
K a m a k u r a Legacy

34. Kamakura Period
Feudalism divided the lands among the samurais
After few generations there was little land left to
divide...hence,
K a m a k u r a Legacy

35. Kamakura Period
Feudalism divided the lands among the samurais
After few generations there was little land left to
divide...hence,
Samurai started to sell their services to lords
K a m a k u r a Legacy

36. Kamakura Period
Feudalism divided the lands among the samurais
After few generations there was little land left to
divide...hence,
Samurai started to sell their services to lords
This weakened central authority even further
K a m a k u r a Legacy

37. Genghis Khan - Mongol ruler who invaded
China
Sent 140,000 men to conquer Japan
G e n g h i s K h a n Invasion

38. Genghis Khan - Mongol ruler who invaded
China
Sent 140,000 men to conquer Japan
After 53 days of fighting, they were saved by natural
disaster.
G e n g h i s K h a n Invasion

39. Genghis Khan - Mongol ruler who invaded
China
Sent 140,000 men to conquer Japan
After 53 days of fighting, they were saved by natural
disaster.
A typhoon from the Pacific swept the Mongol
fleet with raging winds and tides
G e n g h i s K h a n Invasion

40. Genghis Khan - Mongol ruler who invaded
China
Sent 140,000 men to conquer Japan
After 53 days of fighting, they were saved by natural
disaster.
A typhoon from the Pacific swept the Mongol
fleet with raging winds and tides
Believing that they typhoon was a supernatural force,
they started calling it a KAMIKAZI
G e n g h i s K h a n Invasion

41. Genghis Khan - Mongol ruler who invaded
China
Sent 140,000 men to conquer Japan
After 53 days of fighting, they were saved by natural
disaster.
A typhoon from the Pacific swept the Mongol
fleet with raging winds and tides
Believing that they typhoon was a supernatural force,
they started calling it a KAMIKAZI
“Divine Wind”
G e n g h i s K h a n Invasion

42. Kamakura government that even an emperor tried
to seize power.
Ashikaga Shogunate
Distinct
They ruled without the benefit of
samurai retainers
This period is a warfare period among the
aristocrats
No family was strong enough to stop the
fighting...
A s h i k a g a Shogunate

43. Leader : Ashikaga
Ruled for 250 years
A s h i k a g a Shogunate

44. A s h i k a g a Shogunate

45. Problem:
The Central Government had no
samurai to enforce
its authority.
Japan during this period was torn
by violence and civil
disorder
Asikaga Shogunate

46. Ashikaga Shogunate
Aristocrats
Were overthrown by the local lords
Distinction disappeared
Aristocrats Local Lords
DAIMYO
hired peasants - army. Who fought alongside with
the samurais
Breakdown of class
distinction

47. hired peasants - army. Who fought alongside with
the samurais
Implication?
The prestige of the samurai went down
“As the common foot soldiers
increased in importance,
the prestige of the samurai class
decreased.”
T i t l e Text

48. the need for audition selected few will be accepted
P r e s t i g e Context

49. Who was supporting the Emperor
Emperor
Ashikaga Shogunate

50. Who was supporting the Emperor
Court Officials/Aristocrats
Emperor
Ashikaga Shogunate

51. Who was supporting the Emperor
Court Officials/Aristocrats
who supported the emperor,
lost their estates to the daimyos
Emperor
Ashikaga Shogunate

52. Who was supporting the Emperor
Court Officials/Aristocrats
who supported the emperor,
lost their estates to the daimyos
Impoverished emperor was
reducedto selling examples of
his calligraphy
to people on the streets.
Emperor
Ashikaga Shogunate

53. Economic Growth
Agriculture
Trade
Cottage Industry
C o n t r i b u t i o n Ashikaga
Shogunate

54. Nothing is Absolute

55. Centralized Feudalism Tokugawa
Early Christian Coverts Shogunate
St. Francis Xavier, SJ - Landed in Kyushu 1549
Daimyo eager to trade with the Europeans - were
converted to Christianity
1584-1582
ODA NABUNAGA
Eliminated the power of Buddhism
Thought that Christian might help in unifying
Japan
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

56. Hideyoshi
8 years after Nobunaga died, he
UNITED JAPAN
Ruled among the daimyos
Surrounded the daimyos those who
were loyalto him
Destroyed the military power
of the Buddhist Monasteries
Tokugawa Shogunate

57. Tokugawa Shogunate
Brought back the class system
saling pusa Emperor
Shogun
Daimyos
Samurais
Commoners
Hideyoshi

58. Ruled in Edo (Present day Tokyo)
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

59. Ruled in Edo (Present day Tokyo)
Edo period was a time of stability for the Japanese
people, but there was little or no development when
compared to other nations in
the rest of the world
during the same period.
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

60. Ruled in Edo (Present day Tokyo)
Edo period was a time of stability for the Japanese
people, but there was little or no development when
compared to other nations in
the rest of the world
during the same period.
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

61. Ruled in Edo (Present day Tokyo)
Edo period was a time of stability for the Japanese
people, but there was little or no development when
compared to other nations in
the rest of the world
during the same period.
From 1852-1854,
Commodore Matthew Perry
negotiated a trade
agreement between Japan
and the United States.
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

62. The government at Tokyo was forced to agree
to the demands of the United States as they
were intimidated by the technologically
advanced and heavily armed fleet of steam
frigates under the command of Commodore
Perry.
Black Ships
symbolizes the threat
imposed by western
technology
T o k u g a w a Shogunate

63. Given that humiliating experience with the
UNITED STATES, what do you think Japan
would do next
to redeem itself ?
M e i j i Restoration

64. Meiji Restoration 1889
Capital in Tokyo
a new constitutional monarchy was
established, headed by the Meiji
Emperor. The power of the shoguns was
broken.
The constitution provided for new legislative
bodies including the Imperial Diet, the House of
Peers, and an independent cabinet directly
under the Emperor.
E d o - Tokyo

65. Imperial Diet Assembly
the national legislature of Japan.
was established on the basis of two houses with coequal
powers. Kokkai (“National Assembly”)
the House of Peers
House of Representatives-Shugiin
Meiji Restoration

66. During this time zaibatsu , large privately
owned corporations, began to form.
Mitsubishi Zaibatsu
Japan became the first industrialized
country in Asia.
M e i j i Restoration

67. Japan wanted to conquer China
Why?
1 9 3 0 Japan vs China

68. Japan wanted to conquer China
Why?
Japanese imperialist policy aimed to
dominate China to acquire its vast
material reserves and natural
resources
1 9 3 0 Japan vs China

69. Japan wanted to conquer China
This culminated into a full-scale war in
1937. Western powers were reluctant to
provide support to the Chinese who they
thought would eventually lose the war.
esp United
States of
America
1 9 3 0 Japan vs China

70. Japan wanted to conquer China
This culminated into a full-scale war in
1937. Western powers were reluctant to
provide support to the Chinese who they
thought would eventually lose the war.
esp United
States of Why did the Japanese want US in?
America
1 9 3 0 Japan vs China

71. Japan wanted to conquer China
This culminated into a full-scale war in
1937. Western powers were reluctant to
provide support to the Chinese who they
thought would eventually lose the war.
esp United
States of Why did the Japanese want US in?
America What made the US changed their mind?
1 9 3 0 Japan vs China

72. World War 2

73. The United States entered the war in 1942
after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces.
In 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Japan surrendered soon
afterward.
Japan's government shifted
from imperial and military
rule to a parliamentary
democracy.
Emperor Hirohito
P a r l i a m e n t a r y Democroacy