Workshop presented by Gregoire Audo from Gilson Purification at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP 2018) in Lexington, Kentucky.
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. The term unit dose can also sometimes encompass non-reusable packaging as well (especially when each drug product is individually packaged[1]), although the FDA distinguishes that by unit-dose "packaging" or "dispensing".[2] Depending on the context, multi(ple) unit dose can refer to distinct drug products packaged together, or to a single drug product containing multiple drugs and/or doses. The term dosage form can also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent drug substance(s) and any blends involved, without considering matters beyond that (like how it is ultimately configured as a consumable product such as a capsule, patch, etc.). Because of the somewhat vague boundaries and unclear overlap of these terms and certain variants and qualifiers thereof within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is often advisable when conversing with someone who may be unfamiliar with another person's use of the term.
Depending on the method/route of administration, dosage forms come in several types. These include many kinds of liquid, solid, and semisolid dosage forms. Common dosage forms include pill, tablet, or capsule, drink or syrup, and natural or herbal form such as plant or food of sorts, among many others. Notably, the route of administration (ROA) for drug delivery is dependent on the dosage form of the substance in question. A liquid dosage form is the liquid form of a dose of a chemical compound used as a drug or medication intended for administration or consumption.
Various dosage forms may exist for a single particular drug, since different medical conditions can warrant different routes of administration. For example, persistent nausea, especially with vomiting, may make it difficult to use an oral dosage form, and in such a case, it may be necessary to use an alternative route such as inhalational, buccal, sublingual, nasal, suppository or parenteral instead. Additionally, a specific dosage form may be a requirement for certain kinds of drugs, as there may be issues with various factors like chemical stability or pharmacokinetics. As an example, insulin cannot be given orally because upon being administered in this manner, it is extensively metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) before reaching the blood stream, and is thereby incapable of sufficiently reaching its therapeutic target destinations. The oral and intravenous doses of a drug such as paracetamol will differ for the same reason
This presentation explores bioprocessing filtration best practices, including design and scale up methods. You will learn:
• What is filtration?
• Filter capacity and fouling models
• Filter sizing approaches
• Scale up considerations
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule a remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: www.merckmillipore.com/remotevisit
Pengujian sondir digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tanah pada kedalaman tertentu dengan menancapkan kerucut ke tanah. Alat utama yang digunakan adalah kerucut dan manometer untuk membaca tekanan. Hasil pengujian sondir memberikan informasi tentang sifat mekanik tanah hingga kedalaman 20 meter.
Thin layer chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in polarity. It works by applying samples to a thin silica gel plate and developing the plate in a mobile phase, which causes the samples to migrate up the plate at different rates depending on their interaction with the stationary and mobile phases. Key aspects include calculating Rf values to identify substances, using various detection methods under UV light or spraying reagents, and its applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis in fields like pharmaceuticals and forensics. TLC provides sharper separation than paper chromatography and allows for more sensitive detection.
Mo ch 5_filtration_complete_10.12.2020Dhaval Yadav
Mechanical Operations
Filtration
Basics of filtration
Principle, construction and working of filter press, leaf
filter, rotary vacuum filter
Filter media and its characteristics
Basics of Filter aids, Method of application
Constant rate filtration and constant pressure filtration
Classification of centrifugal equipments
Principle, construction and working of batch centrifuge
This document provides a summary of capsules, including their history, types, manufacturing process, evaluation, and key details. It discusses how gelatin capsules were first developed in the 18th century and how the process has evolved. The main types - hard gelatin capsules, soft gelatin capsules, and their composition, sizes, and manufacturing processes - are outlined. Methods for evaluating capsules like uniformity of weight, drug content testing, disintegration testing, and dissolution testing are also summarized.
This document describes two methods for calculating pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters from urinary excretion data: the sigma-minus method and the rate of excretion method. The sigma-minus method involves plotting the log of the amount remaining to be excreted versus time, which gives a line with a slope of -K/2.303 that can be used to calculate the elimination rate constant K. The rate of excretion method involves plotting the log of the rate of drug excretion versus time, which also gives a line with a slope of -K/2.303 that allows calculation of K. The document provides a detailed example using both methods to analyze urinary excretion data and calculate K for a drug.
This document summarizes a presentation on wet granulation equipment. It describes the process of wet granulation which involves adding a liquid solution to powders to form granules. It then discusses various types of equipment used in wet granulation including rapid mixing granulators, fluidized bed dryers, vibratory sifters, multi mills, and double cone blenders. For each type of equipment, it provides details on its working principles, components, parameters to control, and advantages.
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. The term unit dose can also sometimes encompass non-reusable packaging as well (especially when each drug product is individually packaged[1]), although the FDA distinguishes that by unit-dose "packaging" or "dispensing".[2] Depending on the context, multi(ple) unit dose can refer to distinct drug products packaged together, or to a single drug product containing multiple drugs and/or doses. The term dosage form can also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent drug substance(s) and any blends involved, without considering matters beyond that (like how it is ultimately configured as a consumable product such as a capsule, patch, etc.). Because of the somewhat vague boundaries and unclear overlap of these terms and certain variants and qualifiers thereof within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is often advisable when conversing with someone who may be unfamiliar with another person's use of the term.
Depending on the method/route of administration, dosage forms come in several types. These include many kinds of liquid, solid, and semisolid dosage forms. Common dosage forms include pill, tablet, or capsule, drink or syrup, and natural or herbal form such as plant or food of sorts, among many others. Notably, the route of administration (ROA) for drug delivery is dependent on the dosage form of the substance in question. A liquid dosage form is the liquid form of a dose of a chemical compound used as a drug or medication intended for administration or consumption.
Various dosage forms may exist for a single particular drug, since different medical conditions can warrant different routes of administration. For example, persistent nausea, especially with vomiting, may make it difficult to use an oral dosage form, and in such a case, it may be necessary to use an alternative route such as inhalational, buccal, sublingual, nasal, suppository or parenteral instead. Additionally, a specific dosage form may be a requirement for certain kinds of drugs, as there may be issues with various factors like chemical stability or pharmacokinetics. As an example, insulin cannot be given orally because upon being administered in this manner, it is extensively metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) before reaching the blood stream, and is thereby incapable of sufficiently reaching its therapeutic target destinations. The oral and intravenous doses of a drug such as paracetamol will differ for the same reason
This presentation explores bioprocessing filtration best practices, including design and scale up methods. You will learn:
• What is filtration?
• Filter capacity and fouling models
• Filter sizing approaches
• Scale up considerations
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule a remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: www.merckmillipore.com/remotevisit
Pengujian sondir digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tanah pada kedalaman tertentu dengan menancapkan kerucut ke tanah. Alat utama yang digunakan adalah kerucut dan manometer untuk membaca tekanan. Hasil pengujian sondir memberikan informasi tentang sifat mekanik tanah hingga kedalaman 20 meter.
Thin layer chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in polarity. It works by applying samples to a thin silica gel plate and developing the plate in a mobile phase, which causes the samples to migrate up the plate at different rates depending on their interaction with the stationary and mobile phases. Key aspects include calculating Rf values to identify substances, using various detection methods under UV light or spraying reagents, and its applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis in fields like pharmaceuticals and forensics. TLC provides sharper separation than paper chromatography and allows for more sensitive detection.
Mo ch 5_filtration_complete_10.12.2020Dhaval Yadav
Mechanical Operations
Filtration
Basics of filtration
Principle, construction and working of filter press, leaf
filter, rotary vacuum filter
Filter media and its characteristics
Basics of Filter aids, Method of application
Constant rate filtration and constant pressure filtration
Classification of centrifugal equipments
Principle, construction and working of batch centrifuge
This document provides a summary of capsules, including their history, types, manufacturing process, evaluation, and key details. It discusses how gelatin capsules were first developed in the 18th century and how the process has evolved. The main types - hard gelatin capsules, soft gelatin capsules, and their composition, sizes, and manufacturing processes - are outlined. Methods for evaluating capsules like uniformity of weight, drug content testing, disintegration testing, and dissolution testing are also summarized.
This document describes two methods for calculating pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters from urinary excretion data: the sigma-minus method and the rate of excretion method. The sigma-minus method involves plotting the log of the amount remaining to be excreted versus time, which gives a line with a slope of -K/2.303 that can be used to calculate the elimination rate constant K. The rate of excretion method involves plotting the log of the rate of drug excretion versus time, which also gives a line with a slope of -K/2.303 that allows calculation of K. The document provides a detailed example using both methods to analyze urinary excretion data and calculate K for a drug.
This document summarizes a presentation on wet granulation equipment. It describes the process of wet granulation which involves adding a liquid solution to powders to form granules. It then discusses various types of equipment used in wet granulation including rapid mixing granulators, fluidized bed dryers, vibratory sifters, multi mills, and double cone blenders. For each type of equipment, it provides details on its working principles, components, parameters to control, and advantages.
a brief introduction to countercurrent chromatography with its principle. working and modes of operation along with little bit of history, the types of CCC and its applications
Selection, sizing, and operation of bioprocess filtration trains for optimal ...Merck Life Sciences
To increase filter lifetime and improve the economics of filtering bioprocess streams, a prefilter is often installed upstream of a final sterilizing-grade filter. However, determining the economic optimum prefilter and final filter configuration can be challenging. Numerous prefilter options are available, the prefilter to final filter area ratio must be determined, and operating conditions must be selected that will both satisfy the filtration requirements and provide for an economical process that minimizes the filtration system footprint.
One approach towards achieving an optimal filtration system design is to test the bioprocess fluid with several filter configuration combinations and at a range of operating conditions. However, this can be a daunting task and even impractical given the high cost and limited availability of valuable bioprocess fluids. A better approach is to run a limited filtration trial and use a mathematical model that can accurately predict the behavior of the prefilter and final filter under different conditions.
In this webinar we describe a filtration model and test methodology to rapidly and efficiently design an optimal dual-stage filtration process. The model and methodology were applied to Milligard® PES filters, a new class of autoclavable and gamma sterilizable PES membrane prefilters that are designed to protect microfiltration and nanofiltration final filters in bioprocess streams. We show how a model fit to the data from one set of filtration conditions can be used to predict filtration performance at other prefilter to final filter area ratios and operating conditions, and to determine the economic optimum filtration configuration.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- How filters for microfiltration of biological fluids work.
- The effect of operating conditions on filtration performance.
- How to design an optimal series filtration (prefilter and final filter) process.
The rotary drum filter uses a rotating metal drum covered with a filter cloth to continuously filter liquids. As the drum rotates through four sections - cake formation, washing, drying, and cake removal - liquids are vacuumed through the cloth and a solid cake is formed, washed, dried, and then scraped off in the cake removal zone. Rotary drum filters are commonly used for continuous, high-volume filtration applications in industries like wallboard production.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Slides presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Lexington Kentucky (2018). Compile basic information of the principles of countercurrent separation, choice of solvent systems, and determination of partition coefficient.
Prepared by Drs. Charlotte Simmler, Brent Friesen, Guido Pauli from the Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT)
FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF PARENTERAL PRODUCTION FACILITIESNEHA SINGH
THIS PRESENTATION DESCRIBE ABOUT DIFFERENT FACTORS RELATED TO PARENTERAL PREPARATION OR PRODUCTION MAINLY AND HAVE DIFFERENT SPECIAL TERMS RELATED TO PARENTERAL DEPARTMENT ,BENEFECIAL FOR THE PHARMACY STUDENTS BOTH B.PHARM OR M.PHARM OR BIOTECHNOLOGY MAINLY
The document summarizes the key components and functioning of a rotatory drum vacuum filter. It consists of a sheet metal drum divided into sections covered with a filter cloth. Liquor is sucked through the filter cloth onto the rotating drum to deposit a cake of solids. As the drum rotates, the cake moves through different zones - first forming in the filtration zone, then being washed and dried before the cake is removed in the removal zone by a doctor knife. Various methods are used to discharge the cake, including scrapers, belts, pre-coat, rolls or strings depending on the cake properties. It is widely used in industrial processes that require continuous large-volume solid-liquid separation.
This document discusses approaches to designing dosage regimens and individualizing dosage regimens for patients. It covers topics like dose size and frequency, drug accumulation during multiple dosing, loading and maintenance doses, sources of variability between patients, and dosing considerations for specific patient populations like neonates/children, elderly patients, and patients with renal or hepatic impairment. The key approaches discussed are empirical dosage regimens, individualized regimens based on pharmacokinetics, and regimens based on population averages using fixed or adaptive models.
Capsules have several advantages over tablets like masking unpleasant tastes, being easy to swallow, and requiring fewer excipients. They consist of a shell made of gelatin enclosing the drug formulation. Gelatin capsules come in various sizes and are made through a process involving dipping, spinning, drying, stripping, trimming, and polishing. Stability testing ensures the integrity of the capsule shell and determines shelf life, while uniformity testing confirms consistent drug content between capsules. Dissolution and disintegration tests evaluate how quickly the drug is released from the capsule.
- Tablet compression machines use punches and dies to compress powder ingredients into tablets of precise shapes and sizes.
- They can produce tablets in round, oval, or other geometric shapes, and can imprint logos or text on the tablets.
- Tablet presses work by filling powder into dies, then pressing the powder between an upper and lower punch to form tablets.
- Punches and dies come in different types depending on the tablet shape needed, such as round, oval, capsule, or irregular shapes.
Report on visiting Zirabo plant of Incepta Pharmaceuticals.Md. Sohanur Rahaman
Hi, i am Md. Sohanur Rahaman student of 12th batch of Pharmacy department of Khulna University, Bangladesh. Recently we have visited Zirabo plant of Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an esteemed and cGMP qualified pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. A brief review on the visit is given here.
The document discusses the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), which is a framework developed by the FDA to classify drugs based on their aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability. The BCS aims to improve drug development and review processes by identifying when clinical bioequivalence tests are not necessary. It classifies drugs as Class I (high solubility, high permeability), Class II (low solubility, high permeability), Class III (high solubility, low permeability) or Class IV (low solubility, low permeability) based on their solubility and permeability parameters. The classification can help determine if in vitro dissolution tests alone can demonstrate bioequivalence or if in vivo testing is still required.
QbD Model Case Study of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY : A-Mab.Shivang Chaudhary
The A-Mab Case Study involved the efforts of many individuals from CMC-BWG and would not have been made possible if it were not for the countless number of hours spent by the 5 participating companies (GlaxosmithKline, MedImmune, Merck, Pfizer, PWC and sanofi pasteur).
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It discusses the basic principles of chromatographic separation and defines key terms like retention time and resolution. It also describes different HPLC techniques including normal phase, reversed phase, ion exchange, size exclusion, and ion-pair chromatography. The document outlines the typical instrumentation used in HPLC including the pump, injector, columns, detectors, and data collection systems. It provides details on how each component works and its role in the chromatography process.
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose a drug formulation within a shell. There are two main types - hard gelatin capsules used for powders and soft gelatin capsules used for semisolids and liquids. Quality control tests are performed during capsule manufacturing and filling to ensure specifications are met. These include in-process tests like weight variation and dissolution testing, and finished product tests such as disintegration, potency, content uniformity, and microbial testing. Capsules offer advantages like masking unpleasant tastes, easy swallowing, and protection from light, but are not suitable for hygroscopic or concentrated drugs that may irritate the stomach.
in plant training at arrow pharmaceuticals pvt ltd, ChagunarayanNeerajOjha17
Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd was established over 7 years ago under the leadership of now technical director Mahesh Bhatta, a veteran in the field of pharmacy education at institutions like Kathmandu University, with a worldwide level of experience in the field of pharmaceutics. Currently there are over 57 shareholders at Arrow Pharmaceuticals including a local Khadka family which owns several businesses and land all over Kathmandu. Due to involvement of locals at different levels of the company, the industry is well taken care of in terms of emergency and security. Over 1 arab rupees has been spent on the facility.
Arrow is a new pharmaceutical company as compared to many old ones in the same line but is picking up the market and good-will at a great pace. Partnership with other pharmaceutical companies is also taking place at a high speed. Madan Thapa is the chief executive at the marketing department in Basundhara, Kathmandu with national and international connections. Current products by Arrow in the market are helping build the industrial goodwill.
The factory location in the Chagunarayan Municipality is very appropriate in many ways. Very close to the tourist hot spot Nagarkot, it might be a prospective spot of student exchange program or foreign pharmaceutical visiting tourism area in many ways. Nearby nurseries and rice paddies provide a very peaceful background for the busy workers of this company and the visitors.
The presentation describes the automated process of the system and present a number of applications from sample matrices such as food, polymers, and pharmaceuticals to show the utility of the system.
Implementing a Fully Single-Use, Integrated mAb Biosimilars Purification Plat...MilliporeSigma
Access the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2DONZaQ
Webinar summary:
1000L-scale implementation of fully connected, disposable, advanced DSP platform for next generation mAb production.
Within the biopharmaceutical industry, there is a significant shift toward higher productivity processes resulting in improved economics without compromising robustness. Therefore, integrated continuous production technologies are of greatest interest.
Next Generation Biopharmaceutical Downstream Process is a European-funded collaborative project that aims at implementing a fully integrated manufacturing platform for biosimilar mAb based on continuous chromatography, in combination with single-use disposable technologies for all unit operations of DSP on pilot/small production scale together with incorporation of advanced analytical tools.
In this webinar, you will see:
* new DSP purification template producing > 3.3 kg of mAb in 2.5 days in less than 30m²
* proof of concept for the mAb manufacturing of tomorrow
a brief introduction to countercurrent chromatography with its principle. working and modes of operation along with little bit of history, the types of CCC and its applications
Selection, sizing, and operation of bioprocess filtration trains for optimal ...Merck Life Sciences
To increase filter lifetime and improve the economics of filtering bioprocess streams, a prefilter is often installed upstream of a final sterilizing-grade filter. However, determining the economic optimum prefilter and final filter configuration can be challenging. Numerous prefilter options are available, the prefilter to final filter area ratio must be determined, and operating conditions must be selected that will both satisfy the filtration requirements and provide for an economical process that minimizes the filtration system footprint.
One approach towards achieving an optimal filtration system design is to test the bioprocess fluid with several filter configuration combinations and at a range of operating conditions. However, this can be a daunting task and even impractical given the high cost and limited availability of valuable bioprocess fluids. A better approach is to run a limited filtration trial and use a mathematical model that can accurately predict the behavior of the prefilter and final filter under different conditions.
In this webinar we describe a filtration model and test methodology to rapidly and efficiently design an optimal dual-stage filtration process. The model and methodology were applied to Milligard® PES filters, a new class of autoclavable and gamma sterilizable PES membrane prefilters that are designed to protect microfiltration and nanofiltration final filters in bioprocess streams. We show how a model fit to the data from one set of filtration conditions can be used to predict filtration performance at other prefilter to final filter area ratios and operating conditions, and to determine the economic optimum filtration configuration.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- How filters for microfiltration of biological fluids work.
- The effect of operating conditions on filtration performance.
- How to design an optimal series filtration (prefilter and final filter) process.
The rotary drum filter uses a rotating metal drum covered with a filter cloth to continuously filter liquids. As the drum rotates through four sections - cake formation, washing, drying, and cake removal - liquids are vacuumed through the cloth and a solid cake is formed, washed, dried, and then scraped off in the cake removal zone. Rotary drum filters are commonly used for continuous, high-volume filtration applications in industries like wallboard production.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Slides presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Lexington Kentucky (2018). Compile basic information of the principles of countercurrent separation, choice of solvent systems, and determination of partition coefficient.
Prepared by Drs. Charlotte Simmler, Brent Friesen, Guido Pauli from the Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT)
FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF PARENTERAL PRODUCTION FACILITIESNEHA SINGH
THIS PRESENTATION DESCRIBE ABOUT DIFFERENT FACTORS RELATED TO PARENTERAL PREPARATION OR PRODUCTION MAINLY AND HAVE DIFFERENT SPECIAL TERMS RELATED TO PARENTERAL DEPARTMENT ,BENEFECIAL FOR THE PHARMACY STUDENTS BOTH B.PHARM OR M.PHARM OR BIOTECHNOLOGY MAINLY
The document summarizes the key components and functioning of a rotatory drum vacuum filter. It consists of a sheet metal drum divided into sections covered with a filter cloth. Liquor is sucked through the filter cloth onto the rotating drum to deposit a cake of solids. As the drum rotates, the cake moves through different zones - first forming in the filtration zone, then being washed and dried before the cake is removed in the removal zone by a doctor knife. Various methods are used to discharge the cake, including scrapers, belts, pre-coat, rolls or strings depending on the cake properties. It is widely used in industrial processes that require continuous large-volume solid-liquid separation.
This document discusses approaches to designing dosage regimens and individualizing dosage regimens for patients. It covers topics like dose size and frequency, drug accumulation during multiple dosing, loading and maintenance doses, sources of variability between patients, and dosing considerations for specific patient populations like neonates/children, elderly patients, and patients with renal or hepatic impairment. The key approaches discussed are empirical dosage regimens, individualized regimens based on pharmacokinetics, and regimens based on population averages using fixed or adaptive models.
Capsules have several advantages over tablets like masking unpleasant tastes, being easy to swallow, and requiring fewer excipients. They consist of a shell made of gelatin enclosing the drug formulation. Gelatin capsules come in various sizes and are made through a process involving dipping, spinning, drying, stripping, trimming, and polishing. Stability testing ensures the integrity of the capsule shell and determines shelf life, while uniformity testing confirms consistent drug content between capsules. Dissolution and disintegration tests evaluate how quickly the drug is released from the capsule.
- Tablet compression machines use punches and dies to compress powder ingredients into tablets of precise shapes and sizes.
- They can produce tablets in round, oval, or other geometric shapes, and can imprint logos or text on the tablets.
- Tablet presses work by filling powder into dies, then pressing the powder between an upper and lower punch to form tablets.
- Punches and dies come in different types depending on the tablet shape needed, such as round, oval, capsule, or irregular shapes.
Report on visiting Zirabo plant of Incepta Pharmaceuticals.Md. Sohanur Rahaman
Hi, i am Md. Sohanur Rahaman student of 12th batch of Pharmacy department of Khulna University, Bangladesh. Recently we have visited Zirabo plant of Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd., an esteemed and cGMP qualified pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. A brief review on the visit is given here.
The document discusses the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), which is a framework developed by the FDA to classify drugs based on their aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability. The BCS aims to improve drug development and review processes by identifying when clinical bioequivalence tests are not necessary. It classifies drugs as Class I (high solubility, high permeability), Class II (low solubility, high permeability), Class III (high solubility, low permeability) or Class IV (low solubility, low permeability) based on their solubility and permeability parameters. The classification can help determine if in vitro dissolution tests alone can demonstrate bioequivalence or if in vivo testing is still required.
QbD Model Case Study of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY : A-Mab.Shivang Chaudhary
The A-Mab Case Study involved the efforts of many individuals from CMC-BWG and would not have been made possible if it were not for the countless number of hours spent by the 5 participating companies (GlaxosmithKline, MedImmune, Merck, Pfizer, PWC and sanofi pasteur).
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It discusses the basic principles of chromatographic separation and defines key terms like retention time and resolution. It also describes different HPLC techniques including normal phase, reversed phase, ion exchange, size exclusion, and ion-pair chromatography. The document outlines the typical instrumentation used in HPLC including the pump, injector, columns, detectors, and data collection systems. It provides details on how each component works and its role in the chromatography process.
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose a drug formulation within a shell. There are two main types - hard gelatin capsules used for powders and soft gelatin capsules used for semisolids and liquids. Quality control tests are performed during capsule manufacturing and filling to ensure specifications are met. These include in-process tests like weight variation and dissolution testing, and finished product tests such as disintegration, potency, content uniformity, and microbial testing. Capsules offer advantages like masking unpleasant tastes, easy swallowing, and protection from light, but are not suitable for hygroscopic or concentrated drugs that may irritate the stomach.
in plant training at arrow pharmaceuticals pvt ltd, ChagunarayanNeerajOjha17
Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd was established over 7 years ago under the leadership of now technical director Mahesh Bhatta, a veteran in the field of pharmacy education at institutions like Kathmandu University, with a worldwide level of experience in the field of pharmaceutics. Currently there are over 57 shareholders at Arrow Pharmaceuticals including a local Khadka family which owns several businesses and land all over Kathmandu. Due to involvement of locals at different levels of the company, the industry is well taken care of in terms of emergency and security. Over 1 arab rupees has been spent on the facility.
Arrow is a new pharmaceutical company as compared to many old ones in the same line but is picking up the market and good-will at a great pace. Partnership with other pharmaceutical companies is also taking place at a high speed. Madan Thapa is the chief executive at the marketing department in Basundhara, Kathmandu with national and international connections. Current products by Arrow in the market are helping build the industrial goodwill.
The factory location in the Chagunarayan Municipality is very appropriate in many ways. Very close to the tourist hot spot Nagarkot, it might be a prospective spot of student exchange program or foreign pharmaceutical visiting tourism area in many ways. Nearby nurseries and rice paddies provide a very peaceful background for the busy workers of this company and the visitors.
The presentation describes the automated process of the system and present a number of applications from sample matrices such as food, polymers, and pharmaceuticals to show the utility of the system.
Implementing a Fully Single-Use, Integrated mAb Biosimilars Purification Plat...MilliporeSigma
Access the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2DONZaQ
Webinar summary:
1000L-scale implementation of fully connected, disposable, advanced DSP platform for next generation mAb production.
Within the biopharmaceutical industry, there is a significant shift toward higher productivity processes resulting in improved economics without compromising robustness. Therefore, integrated continuous production technologies are of greatest interest.
Next Generation Biopharmaceutical Downstream Process is a European-funded collaborative project that aims at implementing a fully integrated manufacturing platform for biosimilar mAb based on continuous chromatography, in combination with single-use disposable technologies for all unit operations of DSP on pilot/small production scale together with incorporation of advanced analytical tools.
In this webinar, you will see:
* new DSP purification template producing > 3.3 kg of mAb in 2.5 days in less than 30m²
* proof of concept for the mAb manufacturing of tomorrow
Implementing a Fully Single-Use, Integrated mAb Biosimilars Purification Plat...Merck Life Sciences
Access the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2DONZaQ
Webinar summary:
1000L-scale implementation of fully connected, disposable, advanced DSP platform for next generation mAb production.
Within the biopharmaceutical industry, there is a significant shift toward higher productivity processes resulting in improved economics without compromising robustness. Therefore, integrated continuous production technologies are of greatest interest.
Next Generation Biopharmaceutical Downstream Process is a European-funded collaborative project that aims at implementing a fully integrated manufacturing platform for biosimilar mAb based on continuous chromatography, in combination with single-use disposable technologies for all unit operations of DSP on pilot/small production scale together with incorporation of advanced analytical tools.
In this webinar, you will see:
* new DSP purification template producing > 3.3 kg of mAb in 2.5 days in less than 30m²
* proof of concept for the mAb manufacturing of tomorrow
Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Food AnalysisVarad Bende
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising technique of extraction in past few years in food domain. The presentation reviews the theoretical aspects, instrumentation, applications and some case studies.
This presentation reviews the results of a study in which the authors investigated the effects of poly-diallydimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) flocculation and clarification on the performance and longevity of protein A resin.
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule an in-person or remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: http://www.emdmillipore.com/mlab
This presentation reviews the results of a study in which the authors investigated the effects of poly-diallydimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) flocculation and clarification on the performance and longevity of protein A resin.
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule an in-person or remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: http://www.merckmillipore.com/mlab
Inline Flocculation for Harvest and Perfusate ClarificationMerck Life Sciences
This presentation provides an overview of flocculation vs. traditional clarification, an introduction to an inline flocculation system, and the details of a feasibility study that investigated if feed pretreatment can be implemented with a continuous process template using single-use technology.
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule an in-person or remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: www.merckmillipore.com/mlab
Inline Flocculation for Harvest and Perfusate ClarificationMilliporeSigma
This presentation provides an overview of flocculation vs. traditional clarification, an introduction to an inline flocculation system, and the details of a feasibility study that investigated if feed pretreatment can be implemented with a continuous process template using single-use technology.
To learn more about this topic or collaborate with our technical experts, schedule an in-person or remote visit at our M Lab™ Collaboration Centers: www.emdmillipore.com/mlab
- HPTLC is a sophisticated form of thin layer chromatography that allows for the separation and quantification of compounds in herbal drug extracts.
- Key steps in HPTLC analysis include sample and standard preparation, separation on a thin layer using a mobile phase, detection of spots, and quantification through densitometry.
- HPTLC fingerprinting can be used to develop characteristic chromatographic profiles of herbal extracts and distinguish between closely related plant species. These fingerprints provide specifications for quality control of herbal drugs.
NYSAS Seminar LC-IR To Characterize Polymeric Excipients In Pharmaceutical F...mzhou45
This document describes an LC-IR technique for characterizing polymeric excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. The LC-IR system combines liquid chromatography separation with online infrared spectroscopy detection. It is used to characterize copolymer compositions, detect excipient degradation from hot melt extrusion processes, and study the stability of excipients like PEG. The LC-IR technique provides compositional information and identifies degradation products with molecular weight distributions. This allows understanding of excipient properties, degradation mechanisms, and process effects to ensure quality and stability of pharmaceutical formulations.
Process Development for Continuous Flow-Through Polishing Purification for mA...Merck Life Sciences
View the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2JYehee
Abstract:
Over the last several years, the biopharmaceutical industry has had a significant focus on connected and continuous processing to improve both process economics and plant utilization. As opposed to the traditional polishing trains comprised of bind-elute chromatography operations, an all flow-through polishing train easily enables connected and continuous processing while simultaneously improving process economics, flexibility, and productivity. Leveraging commercially available and novel prototype chemistries and devices, we investigated how a properly designed flow-through polishing train can be used to meet the stringent demands expected for mAb polishing purification. A streamlined methodology will be described to investigate the performance of individual units as well as synergies between technologies. For both individual technologies and connected processes, results will be discussed on their ability to meet purity and yield targets robustly. Finally, we will show how leveraging the integrated combination of unit operations can result in improved performance over the standard batch, segregated processing paradigm.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• New process design for continuous flow-through polishing and its operational robustness
• Economic benefits (43% savings in COGs) of implementing a robust flow-through polishing toolbox
Process Development for Continuous Flow-Through Polishing Purification for mA...MilliporeSigma
View the interactive recording : https://bit.ly/2JYehee
Abstract:
Over the last several years, the biopharmaceutical industry has had a significant focus on connected and continuous processing to improve both process economics and plant utilization. As opposed to the traditional polishing trains comprised of bind-elute chromatography operations, an all flow-through polishing train easily enables connected and continuous processing while simultaneously improving process economics, flexibility, and productivity. Leveraging commercially available and novel prototype chemistries and devices, we investigated how a properly designed flow-through polishing train can be used to meet the stringent demands expected for mAb polishing purification. A streamlined methodology will be described to investigate the performance of individual units as well as synergies between technologies. For both individual technologies and connected processes, results will be discussed on their ability to meet purity and yield targets robustly. Finally, we will show how leveraging the integrated combination of unit operations can result in improved performance over the standard batch, segregated processing paradigm.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• New process design for continuous flow-through polishing and its operational robustness
• Economic benefits (43% savings in COGs) of implementing a robust flow-through polishing toolbox
Multipoint dilution and permeation gas calibratorsAymeric Beaupied
The document describes three types of multipoint gas calibrators: 1) a dilution calibration station, 2) a dilution calibration station with gas phase titration, and 3) a permeation calibrator. Each uses precision mass flow controllers and software to generate stable gas mixtures at preset flow rates and concentrations for calibrating CEMS, AQMS, and laboratory equipment. Key features include automatic calibration sequences, stable ozone generation, integrated zero air options, and remote control capabilities.
Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a sample preparation technique that selectively enriches analytes from a sample matrix. It involves passing a sample through a cartridge containing a solid stationary phase. Analytes selectively bind to the phase based on properties like polarity while interfering matrix components are removed. Bound analytes can then be eluted and analyzed. SPE offers advantages over liquid-liquid extraction like higher selectivity and cleaner extracts. It has various applications including impurity profiling, environmental analysis, food chemistry, and biological analysis. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a related technique that extracts analytes directly from vapors using a coated fiber for analysis by gas chromatography.
New Hollow Fiber Membranes for AEX and CEX in Flow-Through ModeGBX Events
New Hollow Fiber Membranes for AEX and CEX in Flow-Through Mode
8th Annual European BioInnovation Leaders Summit 10th - 11th February 2015
Radisson Blu Edwardian Hotel, London
Bixente MARTIRENE, MSc Senior Product Manager
Asahi Kasei Bioprocess Europe
www.envimart.vn - ĐT: 028 77727979 - sales@envimart.vn - Nền tảng cung cấp thiết bị, vật tư ngành nước và môi trường. Chuyên cung cấp vật tư cho dự án xử lý nước sạch, nước thải và môi trường. Envimart luôn đồng hành, tin cậy với đối tác nhà thầu, nhà tích hợp và người sử dụng.
The process involves fermenting a glucose-water solution with E. coli to produce succinic acid. The fermentation broth is then separated through filtration, liquid-liquid extraction with 1-octanol, and crystallization to obtain purified succinic acid crystals and recycled glucose-water solution. The succinic acid can be used to produce various derivatives for applications in industries like food, electronics, and automotive. Preliminary calculations show the process could yield a net profit of $166400 per year.
MACHEREY-NAGEL is a globally operating company with stable growth. In the recent years, the annual turnover exceeded 100 million Euros.
Our comprehensive portfolio includes products for Filtration, Rapid Tests, Water Analysis, Chromatography, and Bioanalysis. We are proud to carry more than 20,000 products designed and manufactured to fit your individual needs.
With more than 470 highly qualified and experienced employees MACHEREY-NAGEL provides the best and most convenient service to our customers. 10 % of our staff have advanced degrees in the fields of Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Engineering, working in our research department on solutions to make your daily laboratory work easier.
Industrial Laboratories around the world are trying to find ways to minimize sample preparation and enhance productivity. The adaptation of modern mass spectrometry instrumentation is desired due to the high sensitivity and selectivity they provide. This presentation will describe how different sample preparation techniques can be simplified and automated for LC/MS/MS analyses.
phyto chemical finger printing in phytochemistryssuser22bccd
This document discusses phytochemical fingerprinting techniques for herbal authentication. It covers high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for generating fingerprints of plant extracts. HPTLC allows separation and detection of multiple components on the same plate. GC-MS provides both retention times and mass spectra for component identification. The document gives an example of using these techniques to analyze extracts of coconut shell oil and mint leaves. Fingerprinting is proposed as a method for distinguishing authentic plant materials from adulterated samples.
Similar to What CPC can bring to your natural compounds purification? (20)
How to prepare and share your Raw NMR data along with your publication. Sharing your NMR data will enhance the transparency and reproducibility of structure elucidation while improving the dereplication process. This is a guidance document proposed by the CENAPT team. See also the corresponding website at : https://cenapt.pharm.uic.edu/resource/.
This document combined the microscopic analysis, DNA barcoding results, and phytochemical fingerprints for the botanical identification of the following commercial plant materials: Epimedium sagittatum (leaf powder), Marrubium vulgare (crushed aerial parts), Pausinystalia johimbe (bark powder), Senna alexandrina (leaf powder), Trigonellum foenum-graecum ( seed powder), and Trifolium pratense (crushed aerial parts).
Presentation from Dr. Guy Harris at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP) in Lexington Kentucky (2018) during the CENAPT/Gilson Workshop on Countercurrent Chromatography.
You will find here all the elements presented by the CENAPT team ( Drs. Guido Pauli and Charlotte Simmler) and pertaining to the NMR workshop at the American Society of Pharmacognosy (ASP 2017, Portland Oregon).
These slides summarize the different steps related to the implementation of quantitative NMR for purity analysis.
Future and potential of Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC) from preparative isolation of compounds to the production of Knock-out Extracts.
Can CCC become a mainstream technique?
This document provides instructions for representing chromatographic data using reciprocal symmetry (ReS) and reciprocal symmetry scaling (ReSS). It explains how to calculate partition coefficients (K) from chromatograms and plot the data in ReS or ReSS format. Guidelines are given for selecting the midline position and adjusting the x-axis to fit the data appropriately. Examples show how these techniques can be used to compare chromatographic methods and solvent systems.
1. pH-zone refining countercurrent chromatography (CCC) can be used to separate acidic compounds. It utilizes differences in partition coefficients (K values) of analytes between basic (Kbase) and acidic (Kacid) conditions.
2. Key steps include testing Kbase and Kacid values of analytes using different pH solvent systems to determine suitability for separation. A suitable system yields Kbase << 1 and Kacid >> 1.
3. Separation of D&C Orange No. 5 is demonstrated using a diethyl ether-acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium acetate solvent system at basic pH as stationary phase and acidic mobile phase.
Listing and details on the different elution methods (e.g., EECCC, BECCC, Dual mode, recycling mode) that can be implemented in countercurrent chromatography.
How to perform partitioning experiments to calculate the partition coefficient K, and ultimately identify or selection the optimal solvent system for countercurrent chromatography.
1. The document provides information about an upcoming conference on solvent system selection for countercurrent chromatography (CCC) to be held in Chicago in August 2016.
2. It discusses various topics that will be covered at the conference including historic and current solvent systems used in CCC, instrumentation, empirical and rational approaches for solvent system selection, and guidelines for selecting solvent-stationary phase combinations.
3. References are provided for papers on selecting solvent systems for natural product separations by CCC and strategies for solvent system selection.
The different types of instruments are compared in terms of capacity (column volume), resolution, and duration required for the separation of targeted compounds.
This workshop presentation was prepared by Dr. Friesen (http://www.dom.edu/departments/physicalsciences/faculty/j-brent-friesen).
This document lists and provides links to various commercially available continuous centrifugal precipitation chromatography (CCS) instruments. It mentions the Pharmatech CCC-1000, Kromaton FCPC-B-D, and CCBiotech bench-top centrifugal precipitation chromatograph models. The technology was invented at NIH and licensed to CCBiotech. It also lists instruments from Armen, Dynamic Extractions, Tauto, AECS, Everseiko. CCS is a process that can continuously fractionate high molecular weight molecules in a salt or solvent gradient applied through a membrane.
The 9th International CCC Event will be held August 1-3, 2016 at Dominican University in River Forest, Illinois. The event will include conferences on August 1-3 and workshops on July 30-31. Brent Friesen, a Chemistry Professor at Dominican University, is the contact for the event. Countercurrent separation is a type of support-free liquid chromatography that has various instrumentation types including countercurrent chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography, and droplet countercurrent chromatography. It provides advantages such as minimal sample preparation, high mass resolution, no sample loss, reproducibility, flexibility, and mild separation conditions for sensitive molecules.
More from Center for Natural Product Technologies (18)
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Order : Trombidiformes (Acarina) Class : Arachnida
Mites normally feed on the undersurface of the leaves but the symptoms are more easily seen on the uppersurface.
Tetranychids produce blotching (Spots) on the leaf-surface.
Tarsonemids and Eriophyids produce distortion (twist), puckering (Folds) or stunting (Short) of leaves.
Eriophyids produce distinct galls or blisters (fluid-filled sac in the outer layer)
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
What CPC can bring to your natural compounds purification?
1. WHAT CPC COULD BRING TO
YOUR NATURAL COMPOUNDS
PURIFICATION PROCESS ?
2. GILSON BY THE NUMBERS
Founded by Dr. Warren Gilson in 1957
# OF EMPLOYEES # OF
ORGANIZATIONS
# OF PATENTS
GRANTED
IN THE
GLOBAL TOP
We’re globally accessible to our
customers through a complete
network of experts.
From product to customer-facing
organizations, we’re investing in
the life science industry.
Since 1957, we’ve been making
lab life easier for researchers by
pioneering key advances to our
lab devices.
Our customers have made
us a top reference company in the
analytical & life science industries.
550+ 14 750+ 100
3. GILSON GROUPE : CORE PRODUCTS
Automated liquid
handling
HPLC Preparative
Pipette
CPC, Flash and HPLC
preparative compact
5. CPC DEFINITION
Centrifugal Partition Chromatography also names Counter Current Chromatography
Preparative, pilot, and industrial scale liquid/liquid partition chromatography for purification of all kinds of molecules in
solutions with the specificity to do not use solid support as silica
Silica free preparative chromatography
6. CPC HISTORY/TERMINOLOGY
Separatory
funnel RLCC
HSCCC
CPC
DCCC : Droplet Counter Current Chromatography
RLCC : Locular Liquid Counter Current Chromatography
HSCCC : High Speed Counter Current Chromatography
CPC : Centrifugal Partition Chromatography
Craig DCCC
8. CPC SETUP
A CPC system is a preparative LC column analogous to a prep HPLC column or flash cartridges.
A preparative-scale pump and an injector are required, and an optional detector and collector can be added.
CPC Setup
10. CPC COLUMN
• High pressure resistance rotating chromatography
column (rotor)
• Discs composed of twin cells
o Better retention of stationary phase
o Allows for higher flow rates for faster separations
12. CPC GENERAL PRINCIPLE
• Liquid-liquid partition chromatography
o two immiscible liquid phases
o Done by mixing two or more solvents
• One phase is the stationary phase: maintained by
centrifugal force
• The other phase is the mobile phase: pumped
through the liquid stationary phase
• Compounds separated according to their partition
coefficient KD between the phases
Same principle as prep HPLC but no solid support
Silica
in
HPLC
Biphasic
System in
CPC
13. CPC GENERAL PRINCIPLE
KD > 1
KD = 1
KD < 1 lower
upper
D
A
AK
][
][=
For a substance dissolved in a biphasic system, at a fixed temperature, the
partition coefficient can be defined as follows:
Concentration of A in
upper phase
Concentration of A in
lower phase
Separatory
funnel
Lighter upper
phase
Heavier lower
phase
14. CPC GENERAL PRINCIPLE
1. Separatory funnels in series
2. Loading of stationary lightest phase in all separatory funnels
3. Injection of sample (mixture of three molecules)
4. Loading of mobile phase in the first funnel, shaking, separation
5. Transfer of lower mobile phase from the first to the second funnel, loading of fresh mobile phase in the first
funnel
6. Step 5 repeat until the last funnel
Heaviest phase: mobile
phase
Time
KD > 1
KD = 1
KD < 1
15. CPC GENERAL PRINCIPLE
1. Separatory funnels in series
2. Loading of stationary lightest phase in all separatory funnel
3. Injection of sample (mixture of three molecules)
4. Loading of mobile phase in the first funnel, shaking, separation
5. Transfer of lower mobile phase from the first to the second funnel, loading of fresh mobile phase in the first
funnel
6. Step 5 repeat until the last funnel
Heaviest phase: mobile
phase
KD > 1
KD = 1
KD < 1
Time
16. FROM SEPARATORY FUNNELS TO CPC
Heaviest Mobile
Phase
Lightest
stationary
phase
Heaviest mobile
phase
Cells in series
linked by ducts
3 CPC : disk with
engraved cells
2 Craig system
CPC Rotor or column:
Stacked disks
1 Separatory funnels
19. BATCH MODE : PURIFICATION OF EPA AND MYRISTIC ETHYL
ETHER FROM MICROALGAE
Crude extract
CPC 250+ PLC 2250
ELSD detection
CPC
Fractions
Mass (g) Yield (%) Purity GC Comments
R3 0,939 23,39 % 99 EPA fractions
R5 0,404 10,06 % 98 MYR fractions
Total 4,015 g 77,69 %
20. PURIFICATION OF PIPERINE FROM BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT
WITH CPC 250 SYSTEM
PARAMETERS
CPC Column CPC 250
Elution Flow-rate 10 mL/min
CPC 250 + PLC 2050
RESULTS
Mass
Injected
Separation
Time
Solvent
Consumption
HPLC Purity
@ 254 nm
1g 50 min 500 mL 95%
21. PURIFICATION OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM BLACKCURRANT
USING CPC 1000 COLUMN
Peaks HPLC Areas of Crude Extract:
• 40.3% anthocyanin A
• 18.6% anthocyanin B
• 6.6% anthocyanin C
• 31.6% anthocyanin D
PARAMETERS
CPC Column CPC 1000
Elution Flow-rate 30 mL/min
CPC 1000 + PLC 2250
RESULTS
Mass
Injected
Separation
Time
Solvent
Consumption
HPLC Purity
@ 530 nm
5g 80 min 2500 mL
97.6% A
97.4% B
22. PARAMETERS
CPC Column CPC 250
Solvent system Az U
Elution Flow-rate 12 mL/min
CPC 250 + PLC 2050
RESULTS
Mass
Injected
Separation
Time
Solvent
Consumption
HPLC Purity
@ 254 nm
1,7g 60 min 720 mL >98%
PURIFICATION OF CAULERPENYNE FROM CAULERPA
TAXIFOLIA WITH CPC 250
MeOH-CH2Cl2
Crude extract
Pure Caulerpenyne
268mg
Laboratoire Gilson purification,
Université de Nice, JCA
24. PRODUCTION OF VANILLIN FROM VANILLA OIL
WITH CPC 250 PRO SYSTEM
Fractions 9 to 10
Vanillin
RESULTS
Mass
Injected
Mass of vanillin
Separation
Time
Solvent
Consumption
HPLC Purity @
280 nm
70mL =
6;35g
314mg (6 to 8)
200mg (9 to 10)
23 min 950 mL
99,04% (6 to 8)
100% (9to 10)
CPC 250 PRO + PLC 2050
25. BATCH MODE : REMOVAL OF NON DESIRABLE MOLECULE
FROM VEGETAL MOSS
Laboratoire Gilson purification,
Robertet
CPC 1000 PRO+ PLC 2250
Overload of the CPC column. Removal of
indesirable molecule from the crude
27. 6 fractions automatically collect based
on MS XIC channel of Artemisinin.
PARAMETERS
CPC Column CPC 250
Elution Flow-rate 10 mL/min
RESULTS
Mass
Injected
Separation
Time
Solvent
Consumption
HPLC Purity
@ 280 nm
5g 40 min 800 mL 90%
Triggering fraction collection!
CPC 250 + PLC 2050 + VERITY® 1900
MS XIC 284-287
PURIFICATION OF ARTEMISIN FROM ARTEMISIA ANNUA
EXTRACT WITH CPC 250 SYSTEM COUPLED TO MS DETECTOR
28. HPLC- DAD-UV profiles of the collected fractions
Cafeine Theobromine
The isolation of the two alkaloids was clearly
improved with MS detection
12 fractions automatically collected based on
MS screening
(m/z 195 caffeine, m/z 181 theobromine)
PURIFICATION OF THEOBROMINE AND CAFEINE FROM COCOA
BY-PRODUCTS WITH CPC 250 COUPLED TO MS
CPC 250 + PLC 2050 + VERITY® 1900
Laboratoire Gilson purification,
Robertet
30. PURIFICATION OF CBD FROM CANNABIS OIL WITH
CPC 250 SYSTEM
Sample CBD Extract
Mass/Volume injected 1 gr in 10 mL
Flow rate 12 mL/min
Detection 270, 266,215, Scan 200-600CBD
CBD
31. CPC A EFFICIENT TOOLS FOR CANNABINOIDS
PURIFICATION
It allows to obtain different final product/fraction from cannabis oil as for example :
Ultra pure cannabinoids standard from mg to multi gram scales as CBD, CBN, THC, CBDA …
Production of pure cannabinoids as CBD up to multi kg scale
Production of enriched CBD extract (50-70%), THC Free up to multi kg scale
...
33. CPC VS. FLASH VS. PREP
CPC PREP HPLC FLASH
Silica No Yes Yes
Sample Simple to complex Simple Simple to complex
Solvent 5X less time
Resolution Based on selectivity Based on efficiency Based on gradient
Cost No consumable Prep HPLC column Cartridge
Flexibility No stationary phase to replace Need to change column Need to change column
Scale-Up High injection capacity Low injection capacity High injection capacity
34. CPC TECHNOLOGY FEATURES/ BENEFITS
Features Benefits
One column for several usages Cost effective techniques : No column to replace or
silica to recycle, less solvent consumption
No silica inside the column Preserve the integrity of the molecule : no
irreversible absorption or denaturation of fragile
molecule
100% liquid chromatographic process Complex sample injection in one step :
complex natural extract, synthetic compounds,
fermentation broth …
Scalability of the technique High injection capacity : from milligrams to multi
kilograms of sample
36. GILSON CPC RANGE
BUNDLED WITH PLC PURIFICATION SYSTEMS
• Direct control by Gilson Glider CPC (GGC) software
• All-in-one system with pump, automated injection valve, automated
backflush valve, detector, fraction collector and software
• ELSD and MS detectors in option
Complete purification system for CPC, prep
HPLC and flash
37. GILSON CPC RANGE
ONE HOUSING FOR ALL CPC COLUMNS
MODEL INJECTION
CAPACITY
MAX ELUTION
FLOW RATE
MAXIMUM
PRESSURE
CPC 100 Up to 1g 15 mL/min 100 bar (1450 psi)
CPC 250 Up to 6g 15 mL/min 100 bar (1450 psi)
CPC 1000 Up to 30 gr 50 mL/min 80 bar (1160 psi)
CPC 250 PRO Up to 30 gr 80 mL/min 100 bar (1450 psi)
CPC 1000 PRO Up to 100 gr 350 mL/min 80 bar (1160 psi)
General features
o Controllable by built-in keyboard and/or Glider Software
o Leak detector
o Balancing detector
38. GILSON GLIDER CPC (GGC) SOFTWARE
SAG : Solvent system automatic generation
Direct control of CPC device
39. • CPC 5L + SKID avec pompe d’elution, pompe d’injection, collecteur de fraction, detecteur et
vannes
• Système cGMP, ATEX (option)
• Premier prototype de nouvelle génération en cours de montage
GILSON PURIFICATION : INSTRUMENTS
40. GILSON PURIFICATION : CONTRACT SERVICES
Proposed our know-how and expertise in preparative and industrial chromatography to purify and / or
enriched molecules of interests from complex mixtures as biological matrices, natural extract, synthetic
mixture or fermentations booth
Proposal:
Overall supply from feasibility to production through industrial intensification of the process
Use of innovative techniques as Centrifugal Partition Chromatography to reduce costs and solve
problems related to the use of traditional techniques
Full project support to provide turnkey solutions instrument / method.
Unlock problems related to the use of traditional techniques
41. • Provide standard CPC line
• Servicing for purification
Feasibility studies
Scale up and production studies
• Provide global solution for
purification
COMPLETE
SOLUTION
SERVICES
INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING
A team of engineers to
provide custom
systems
APPLICATION LAB
A team of experts in
purification
Complete range
Automated system
Complete system
GILSON PURIFICATION : CONTRACT SERVICES