WH Week 7 Imperialism
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European powers extended their control over large parts of Africa and Asia between 1850 and 1914 through a process known as imperialism or the New Imperialism. There were several factors that drove Europeans to build global empires during this time period. Advances in technology like rifles, steamboats, railroads, the telegraph, and medicine allowed Europeans to more easily project their military and economic power onto other parts of the world. Europeans also competed with new imperial powers like Germany and Italy to acquire overseas territories and resources. Europeans justified their domination by citing desires to access natural resources, find new markets for their goods, and promote civilization in Africa and Asia. In Africa, this led to a scramble in the late 1800s by European nations to claim
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Ancient China
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Imperialism and colonialism involved the conquest and rule of other lands and peoples. From 1870 onward, European powers aggressively expanded their colonial empires, driven by economic, political, and ideological motives. They sought raw materials, markets, and national prestige. By the late 19th century, most of Africa and Asia was under European control as a result of the "scramble for Africa" and colonial expansion in Asia. The consequences of imperialism were mixed, providing some benefits but also economic exploitation and loss of culture for colonized peoples. Colonial expansion also increased tensions between European powers.
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Ancient China
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years to legendary rulers like the Five Emperors. China first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by major rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Ancient Chinese civilization was based around agriculture along the rivers, and traded goods like silk, salt, and iron. Confucianism became a major influence on society, which was hierarchical and emphasized proper relationships between people. Over time, the Chinese invented many technologies like paper, printing, and the compass that influenced other ancient cultures.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed Western nations, giving them advantages in science, technology, industry, and military strength. Motivated by nationalism, economic interests in resources and markets, and beliefs in cultural superiority, Western powers set out in the late 1800s to dominate the world through extensive overseas empires. Between 1870-1914, through soldiers, merchants, and missionaries, Western imperialism rapidly expanded due to vulnerable non-Western states and Western military and economic advantages. European nations divided Africa at the 1884 Berlin Conference with little regard for local populations, leading to ongoing issues.
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Europeans scrambled to colonize Africa in the late 19th century, known as the "Scramble for Africa". By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of the continent. This was spurred by increased exploration of Africa's interior in the 1800s by figures like David Livingstone. In 1885, 14 European nations partitioned Africa at the Congress of Berlin with no African representation. Various European powers then established colonies across the continent, including Belgium in the Congo, France in North and West Africa, and Britain in South Africa, Egypt and other regions. This period of imperialism had both economic benefits for colonizers but also negatively impacted African societies through exploitation and disrupted traditions.
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The Black Death pandemic in the mid-14th century weakened the power of the Church and feudal system of Europe. The Great Schism and Hundred Years War from 1337-1453 further eroded faith in the Church and shifted power to secular monarchs. New technologies, ideas of nationalism, and questioning of established authorities accelerated Europe's transition from the Middle Ages.
The Middle Ages week 8
Feudalism and manorialism developed as ways of life during the Middle Ages to provide protection and organization in a time of constant warfare. Kings granted land to nobles who then protected local peasants working on manors in exchange for their labor and goods. The Crusades from 1095-1289 exposed Europeans to new goods and ideas from Asia and Africa, increasing trade between the regions but also intolerance between religious groups.
Byzantine Empire 10-10-16
The Byzantine Empire emerged as the Eastern Roman Empire while the Western Roman Empire declined. The Byzantine Empire had its capital in Constantinople, a wealthy trade city located strategically between the Mediterranean and Black Seas. While the Byzantine Empire shared similarities with the Western Roman Empire like its use of Latin, Roman architecture styles, and absolute rule by emperors, differences grew over time, particularly in religion, as the Eastern and Western Christian churches developed separately and eventually split in the Great Schism of 1054 CE into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
Byzantine Do Now
The Confucian teachings, Ten Commandments, and Eightfold Path in Buddhism all provided codes for moral behavior (choice C). Laws are important for an empire to establish order and maintain control over its territories and peoples. The Byzantine Empire continued and modified Roman legal traditions (choice C), establishing a legal system that helped it govern for centuries. The key differences between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy included views on the authority of the Pope and small theological differences.
Furr World History Unit 2 study guide
This study guide provides an overview of topics to review for the Unit 2 exam. It lists characteristics of classical civilizations and empires. Key areas about Rome are outlined, including its geography, law, and transition from kingdom to republic. Greece is discussed in terms of Athens, democracy, city-states, and philosophers. Buddhism, Hinduism, Chinese dynasties, the Silk Road, and cultural diffusion from 200 BC to 1450 AD are briefly introduced. The student is directed to use this guide to research topics further and ask questions if needed.
Steps to Genocide
The document outlines the 10 steps that often lead to genocide:
1. Classification - Dividing people into groups based on race, ethnicity, religion or nationality.
2. Symbolization - Giving groups names or symbols to identify them.
3. Discrimination - Using laws and political power to deny rights to groups.
4. Dehumanization - Comparing groups to animals or vermin to encourage mistreatment.
5. Organization - Creating militias or special units to carry out the genocide.
6. Polarization - Removing moderates who may stand in the way of the genocide.
7. Preparation - Using propaganda to instill fear and justify the need to kill groups.
8
Genocide
The document discusses examples of genocide throughout history. It defines genocide and provides details on instances of genocide that occurred in the Balkans, Rwanda, Darfur, and parts of Latin America. Specifically, it notes that in the Balkans in 1991, Bosnian Serbs began murdering Muslim civilians and engaged in ethnic cleansing. In Rwanda in 1994, the Hutu-led government sponsored the extermination of the Tutsi minority, resulting in over 850,000 Tutsi deaths. In Darfur in the 1990s and 2000s, the Sudanese government backed Janjaweed militia carried out attacks against black Africans, amounting to ethnic cleansing of non-Arabs in the region.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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WH Week 7 Imperialism
- 2. Objective I can identify the major political, economic, and social motivations that influenced European Imperialism.
- 3. Essential Question How did Europeans justify their political, economic, and social domination of areas of Africa and Asia? Cite specific examples to support your thinking.
- 4. CREATE THIS TABLE IN YOUR NOTEBOOK THE NEW IMPERIALISM What is it? (1) CAUSES (3) AFRICA (3) ASIA (3)
- 5. WHAT IS IT? When European powers extended their control across Africa and Asia (1850-1914).
- 6. CAUSES Rifles, Steamboats, Railroads, Telegraph and new medicine allow Europeans to build empires anywhere.
- 7. CAUSES Europeans compete for global empires with new competitors (Italy, Germany).
- 8. CAUSES Desire natural resources, new markets and to “civilize” Africa and Asia.
- 9. AFRICA Scramble for Africa (1870-1914): European nations race to get precious resources like diamonds and gold.
- 10. AFRICA Britain wants control of Suez Canal to quickly reach India.
- 11. AFRICA Berlin Conference: Divided Africa across boundaries still fought over today.
- 12. ASIA European technology and economies weakened China and India.
- 13. ASIA Britain formally takes over India and builds up country in 1857.
- 14. ASIA Opium Wars (1839- 1845): China loses to British, divided into “spheres of influence”
- 17. Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden— In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden--The savage wars of peace— Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Source: Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden (1899)