The document provides definitions and examples of WH-questions in English. It discusses the different types of WH-questions including what, who, whom, whose, why, where, when, which, how, how many, how much, how often, how far, how old, how long, how deep, how tall, and how high. It also discusses adjective clauses and conditional sentences, providing examples of their structures and meanings.

1. BAHASA INGGRIS
HABIBBURRAHMAN
XII TKR 1
SMK NEGERI 2 PEKANBARU
TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015
WH-QUESTION
A. Definisi Wh- Question
Information Question (Wh-question dan How) Adalah pertanyaan yang menanyakan
informasi dengan menggunakan Question Words (kata tanya). Sering disebut dengan Wh-
question karena semua kata tanya diawali dengan Wh-, kecuali How. Yang termasuk
Question Words (QW) adalah: What, Who, Whom, Whose, Why, Where, When, Which dan
How.

2. Pola umum:
QW + aux + S + verb + Object/Complement ?
B. Macam-macam Wh- Question
1. What (apa)
Menanyakan nama benda, nama orang atau jenis profesi.
Contoh:
~ What is that? That is an apple.
~ What are you? I am a soldier.
~ What is your name? My name is Ivanka.
2. Who (siapa)
Menanyakan orang sebagai pelaku/subject.
Memiliki rumus khusus:
Who + verb + O ? atau Who + to be + S ?
Contoh:
~ Who are you? I am Joko Pinurbo.
~ Who writes the letter? Martin does.
~ Who is very beautiful? Agnes Monica is very beautiful.
3. Whom (siapa)
Menanyakan orang sebagai object.
Contoh:
Whom do you meet? I meet Inul Daratista.
Whom is she looking for? She is looking for Brian Safina.
4. Whose (milik siapa)
Menanyakan pemilik suatu benda.
Contoh:
~ Whose bag is this? This is my bag.
~ Whose sister is the girl? She is my sister.
5. Why (mengapa)
Menanyakan alasan atau penyebab terjadinya sesuatu.
Contoh:
~ Why do you come late? Because I missed the bus this morning.
~ Why is Mrs. Julia very healthy? Because she does sport every morning.
~ Why do you love me? Because you are very rich.

3. 6. Where (di mana)
Menanyakan tempat.
Contoh:
~ Where does Alicia study? She studies in SMPN 03 Wonogiri.
~ Where do you go every day? I go to school every day.
~ Where is the library? The library is beside the hall.
7. When (kapan)
Menanyakan waktu.
Contoh:
~ When does Alfian get up? He gets up at five o’clock every morning.
~ When did you go to Eromoko? I go to Eromoko last week.
~ When do you go to school? I go to school at 06.30.
8. Which (yang mana)
Menanyakann pilihan.
Contoh:
~ Which is your car? My car is the red one.
~ Which is his sister? His sister is the girl in blue jacket.
9. How (bagaimana)
Menanyakan kondisi atau keadaan.
Contoh:
~ How are you? I’m fine. Thanks.
~ How is Reyna’s school? Her school is large and clean.
10. How many (berapa banyak)
Menanyakan jumlah (jika yang ditanyakan berupa countable nouns/kata benda yang bisa
dihitung).
Contoh:
~ How many students are there in the class? There are forty students.
~ How many brother do you have? I have three brothers.
11. How much (berapa banyak)
Menanyakan jumlah (jika yang ditanyakan berupa uncountable nouns/kata benda yang tak
bisa dihitung).
Contoh:

4. ~ How much money does it cost? It costs one thousand rupiah.
~ How much sugar do you want? A spoon of sugar, please.
12. How often (berapa sering)
Menanyakan seberapa sering orang melakukan sesuatu.
Contoh:
~ How often does Anita go to Malaysia? She goes to Malaysia twice a week.
~ How often do you speak to your father? I speak to him every day.
Bisa juga menggunakan How many times.
How many times do you eat? I eat three times a day.
13. How far (berapa jauh)
Menanyakan jarak suatu tempat dengan tempat lainnya.
Contoh:
~ How far is this school from your house? It’s about 5 kilometers.
14. How old (berapa umur/usia)
Menanyakan usia seseorang.
Contoh:
~ How old are you? I am 20 years old.
~ How old is Mrs. Riana? She is 37 years old.
15. How long (berapa lama)
Menanyakan lama waktu.
Contoh:
~ How long have you lived in Jogja? I have lived in Jogja for Five years.
16. How deep (berapa dalam)
~ How deep is the river? It’s about five meters.
~ How deep can he dive? He can dive 20 meters deep.
17. How tall (berapa tinggi)
Menanyakan tinggi orang.
Contoh:
~ How tall are you? I am 165 cm tall.
~ How tall is Mr. Jack? He is 189 cm tall.

5. 18. How high (berapa tinggi)
Menanyakan tinggi suatu benda.
Contoh:
~ How high is the mountain? It’s about 3686 meters high.
~ How high is the tree? It’s about 4 meters high.
Adjective Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat (adjective) dan
menjelaskan tentang noun atau pronoun pada suatu kalimat kompleks.
 Posisi adjective clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun (subject atau object) yang
dijelaskan. Dengan kata lain klausa ini merupakan informasi yang ditambahkan
terhadap subject atau object.
 Adjective clause biasanya dimulai dengan relative pronoun, seperti which, that, who,
whom, whose. Atau relative adverb, seperti where, when, why, atau zero relative. Kata
ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan subject / object yang diterangkan.
Contoh Adjective Clause
 Adjective Clause pada Complex Sentence (kalimat kompleks) :
1. The movie that we saw last morning was very good.
 Adjective Clause dengan Relative Pronoun :
1. I thanked the woman who helped me.
2. The woman whom I saw was mrs. Irna.
3. I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
4. The rabbit which eat carrots are very cute.
5. The building where he lives is very old.
6. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
7. This is the house that I have showed to my father.
 Adjective Clause dengan Subordinate Conjunctions “where” dan “when” :
Adjective Clause menggunakan “where”
The building is very old. He lives in that building (there).
1. The building where he lives is very old.
2. The building in which he lives is very old.
3. The building which he lives in is very old.
(Artinya : Bangunan dimana dia tinggal itu sangat tua.)
Where digunakan pada adjective clause untuk merubah tempat (negara, kota, ruangan, rumah,
dll). Jika where digunakan, preposition tidak digunakan dalam adjective clause (seperti

6. contoh 1). Tetapi jika where tidak digunakan, relative pronoun dan preposition harus
digunakan (seperti contoh 2 & 3).
Adjective Clause menggunakan “when”
I’ll never forget the day. I met you (on that day).
1. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
2. I’ll never forget the day that I met you.
(Artinya : Saya tidak akan pernah melupakan hari ketika saya bertemu dengan kamu.)
When digunakan pada adjective clause untuk merubah kata benda dari waktu (tahun, hari,
waktu, dll).
Rumus Adjective Clause
Complex Sentence:
Independent Clause + Adjective Clause
Adjective Clause:
Relative Pronoun +/- S*+V
Keterangan: *Relative pronoun (who, which, that) dapat berfungsi sebagai subject jika tidak
ada subject.
Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Adjective Clause
Beberapa fungsi relative pronoun di dalam adjective clause.
Fungsi
Relative
Pronoun
Contoh Adjective
Clause
Pembuktian
Subject who, that, which
that was made of
cheddar cheese.
coba substitusi dengan “It” (subjective
personal pronoun)
Object*
whom, that,
which, who
which I want to buy
coba substitusi dengan “it” (objective
personal pronoun)
Possessive whose
whose house has
burned down
coba substitusi dengan “his”
(possessive personal pronoun)

7. *Dapat dihilangkan pada defining relative clause.
Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adjective Clause
Saat menerangkan subject, posisi adjective clause akan berada di tengah kalimat. Klausa
tersebut dapat diapit koma ataupun tidak, tergantung pada penting atau tidaknya informasi
yang dibawanya. Informasi tersebut dinilai penting (essential/restrictive) jika akan mengubah
makna kalimat jika dihilangkan. Pada situasi tersebut, koma tidak digunakan. Klausa yang
membawa informasi penting tersebut dinamakan defining clause. Sebaliknya, jika informasi
tidak penting (non-essential/non-restrictive) sehingga dapat dihilangkan tanpa merubah
makna kalimat, maka koma perlu digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi tidak
penting tersebut dinamakan non-defining clause.
Contoh Complex Sentence:
 Essential: People who chew well may have healthy digestion.
 Non-essential: Yulia, who works out three times a week, has a positive body image.
Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause
Beberapa contoh kalimat adjective clause dengan berbagai relative pronoun dapat dilihat
pada tabel sebagai berikut.
Relative
Pronoun
Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause Keterangan
who
He is the man who works hard to support
their daily needs.
(Dia pria yang bekerja keras untuk
menanggung kebutuhan sehari-hari
mereka.)
menerangkan “man” (subject
complement)
whom
The woman whom you saw last night is my
sister.
(Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah
saudara saya.)
menerangkan “woman”
(subject kalimat)
whose
The man, whose car is antique, works as a
lecturer.
(The man yang punya mobil antik itu
bekerja sebagai dosen.)
menerangkan “man”
(subject kalimat)
which
Mueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat.
(Mueeza, yang sangat setia, adalah kucing
saya.)
menerangkan “Mueeza”
(subject kalimat)
where (relative
adverb)
Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born.
(Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya
dilahirkan.)
menerangkan “city” (subject
complement)
that
It is the car that I have dreamed for many
years ago.
(Ini mobil yang telah saya impikan sejak
menerangkan “car”
(subject complement)

8. beberapa tahun yang lalu.)
Pengertian Conditional Sentences adalah kalimat bersyarat. Kalimat ini memiliki dua klausa-
induk kalimat dan anak-kalimat-yang dihubungkan dengan menggunakan "IF". Kalimat ini
memiliki makna "seandainya" atau "jika". Di dalam bahasa Inggris, tipe kalimat ini dibagi
menjadi 3, yaitu :
1. First Conditional
2. Second Conditional
3. Third Conditional
A. FIRST CONDITIONAL
1. Susunan
If + S + V1, S + will + V1 + O
Contoh :
a. If I see Barlie, I will tell him.
(Jika saya bertemu Barlie, saya akan mengatakan kepadanya.)
b. If Julie is free tomorrow, he will invite her.
(Jika Julie libur besok, dia akan mengundangnya.)
c. If it rains tomorrow, will you stay at home?
(Jika besok hujan, apakah kamu akan diam di rumah?)
d. If it rains tomorrow, what will you do?
(Jika besok hujan, apa yang akan kamu lakukan?
2. Makna
Kalimat dalam konstruksi ini berarti mungkin benar-benar terjadi jika syratnya terpenuhi.
Oleh karena itu, makna kalimat ini disebut sebagai possibility (kemungkinan). Pemaknaan
kalimat pada tipe ini dapat disusun sebagai berikut :
S + may + V1 + that + S + may + V1 + O
Dalam pola susunan tersebut, kalimat-kalimat contoh di atas dapat diuraikan maknanya
menjadi berikut :
a. I may see Barlie that I may tell him.
b. Julie may be free tomorrow that he may invite her.
c. It may rain tomorrow, may you stay at home?
d. It may rain tomorrow, what may you do?
B. SECOND CONDITIONAL
1. Susunan
If + S + V2, S + would + V1 + O
Contoh :
a. If I married Rania, I would be happy.
(Jika saya menikah dengan Rania, Saya akan senang.)
b. If Jack became rich, he would marry her.
(Jika Jack menjadi kaya, dia akan menikahinya.)
c. If it snowed next July, what would you do?
(Jika musim salju bulan July yang akan datang, apa yang akan kamu lakukan?)

9. 2. Makna
Apa yang dikatakan dalam induk kalimat tidak pernah terjadi karena syarat yang dikatakan
dalam anak kalimat tidak terpenuhi. Oleh karena itu, kalimat ini disebut sebagai Unreal
Present. Tenses untuk makna kalimatnya berubah dan polanya disusun sebagai berikut :
S + don’t/doesn’t + V + that + S + will not + V1 + O
Dalam pola susunan tersebut, kalimat-kalimat contoh di atas dapat diuraikan maknanya
menjadi berikut :
a. I don't marry Rania that I am not happy.
b. Jack doesn't become rich that he will not marry her.
c. It doesn't snow next July, what do you do?
C. THIRD CONDITIONAL
1. Susunan
If + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3 + O
Contoh :
a. If I had seen Diana, I would have told her.
(Jika saya bertemu Diana, saya akan mengatakan padanya.)
b. If it had rained yesterday, would you have stayed at home?
(Jika kemarin hujan, akankah kamu tinggal di rumah?)
c. If Shinta had been free yesterday, I would have invited her.)
(Jika Shinta libur kemarin, saya akan mengundangnya.)
2. Makna
Apa yang dikatakan dalam induk kalimat tidak pernah terjadi karena kalimat syarat yang
dikatakan dalam anak kalimat tidak pernah terpenuhi. Karena dinyatakan dalam bentuk Past
Tense, kalimat ini disebut sebagai Unreal Past. Tenses untuk makna kalimatnya juga
berubah :
S + didn’t + V1 + that + S + would not + V1 + O
Dalam pola susunan tersebut, kalimat-kalimat contoh di atas dapat diuraikan maknanya
menjadi berikut :
a. I didn't see Diana that I would not tell her.
b. It didn't rain yesterday did you stay at home?
c. Shinta wasn't free yesterday that I would not invite her.
Passive voice
Passive voice ( Kalimat pasif ) adalah salah satu kalimat yang sering di gunakan dalam
bahasa Inggris. Passive voice juga terdapat pada bahasa Indonesia, misalnya makan menjadi
dimakan, minum menjadi diminum.

10. Cara membentuk kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Mengubah objek dalam aktif menjadi subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
2. Meletakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama dalam bentuk pasif sebelum subjek.
3. Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah verb 3 yang didahului to be.
4. Menyusun kalimat menyesuakan tenses.
Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat bentuk yaitu :
A. Present Passive Voice
B. Past Passive Voice
C. Future Passive Voice
D. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice
A. Present Passive Voice
1. Simple Present Tense
- Active : Do / Does + Verb 1
 I speak English every day.
 She write novel every morning
- Passive : Is / Am / Are + Verb 3
 English is spoken by me every day.
 Novel is write by her every morning.
2. Present Continous Tense
- Active : Is / Am / Are + Verb –ing
 She is reading a novel.
 Ali is singing a song.
- Passive : Is / Am / Are + Being + Verb 3
 A novel is being read by her.
 A song is being sung by Ali.

11. 3. Present Perfect Tense
- Active : Have / Has + Verb 3
 Sabila has studied english.
 I have Written a novel.
- Passive : Have / Has + Been + Verb 3
 English has been studied by Sabila.
 A novel have been written by me.
B. Past Passive Voice
1. Simple Past Tense
- Active : Did + Verb 2
 Rico studied English.
 Rian drank water.
- Passive : Was / Were + Verb 3
 English was studied by Rico.
 Water was drunk by Rian.
2. Past Continous Tense
- Active : Was / Were + Verb –ing
 Rini was studying English.
 We were reading a book
- Passive : Was / Were + Being + Verb 3
 English was being studied by Rini.
 A book were being read by us.

12. 3. Past Perfect Tense
- Active : Had + Verb 3
 Fany had drank coffe.
 Reny had speak english.
- Passive : Had + Been + Verb 3
 Coffe had been drank by Fany.
 English had been spoken by Reny
C. Future Passive Voice
1. Simple Future Tense
- Active : Will / Shall + Verb 1
 Tina will read a newspaper.
 Fendi will study English.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Verb 3
 A newapaper will be read by Tina.
 English will be studied by Fendi.
2. Future Continous Tense
- Active : Will / Shall + Be + Verb –ing
 Toni will be reading a book.
 Rian will be studying English.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Being + Verb 3
 A book will be being read by Toni
 English will be being studied by Rian.
3. Future Perfect Tense

13. - Active : Will / Shall + Have + Verb 3
 Tian will have spoken English.
 Toni will have read a newspaper.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Have + Been + Verb 3
 English will have been spoken by Tian.
 A newapaper will have been by Toni
D. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice
- Active : Can - Could + Verb 1
May – Might + Verb 1
Will – Would + Verb 1
Must – Had to + Verb 1
Shall – Should + Verb 1
Ougth to + Verb 1
 Toni can speak english
 Rian may drink coffe.
- Passive : Can – Could + Be + Verb 3
May – Might + Be + Verb 3
Will – Would + Be + Verb 3
Must – Had to + Be + Verb 3
Shall – Should + Be + Verb 3
Ougth to + Be + Verb 3

14.  English can be spoken by Toni.
 Coffe may be drank by Rian
QUESTION TAG
 Question Tag : Pertanyaan tambahan yang dipendekkan, digunakan untuk
mengharapkan jawaban setuju ( kebenaran atau penegasan) atas suatu pernyataan /
statement yang disampaikan. Biasanya terletak dibelakang kalimat.
Example : kalimat nominal = You are a student, are’t you?
You are not a student, are you?
Kalimat verbal = They don’t go to school, do they?
Ani goes to the school, doesn’t she?
v Tag Question dalam positive statement.
Jika statmentnya negatif (+) maka Tag Questionnya negatif (-)
1. Menggunakan modals, to be, to have.
a). menggunakan modals auxiliary ( berhubungan dengan perasaan )
seperti can, will, dsb.
Example : You must go now, mustn’t you?
You can swim well, can not you?
2. Menggunakan kata kerja bantu “to be”
Example: She is a teacher, isn’t she?
3. Menggunakan kata kerja bantu “to have”
Example: He has a lot of book, hasn’t he?
I have to buy some matches, haven’t I ?
b). Tag Question yang mengandung statment verb seperti “do, does, did”
Example: You like coffee, don’t you?
His wife cooks well, doesn’t she?

15. You broke the window, didn’t you?
c). Tag Question yang menggunakan “they” sebagai subject untuk everybody, everyone,
somebody, someone.
Example: Everyone warned you, didn’t they?
Someone had recognized him, hadn’t they?
v Tag Question dalam negative statment
Jika statmentnya negatif (-) maka Tag-nya adalah positif (+)
a). Tag Question dari kalimat yang menggunakan modals (auxiliary), to be, to have.
1. Modals → I mustn’t be late, must I ?
They oughtn‘t to be here, ought I ?
2. To be → I am not so fast so you, am I ?
It’s not holiday today, is it?
3. To have → He hadn’t met you before, had he?
Tom hasn’t got colour TV, has he?
b). Tag Question yang mengandung “do, does, did”
Example: Boys do not like to wash, do they?
You do not like sugar, do you?
c). Statment yang mengandung kata-kata seperti: Neither, None, Nobody, Nothing, Scarcely,
Rarely, Hardly, Ever, Seldom, dianggap sebagai negatif.
Example: None of your friends liked the film, did they?
Nobody cheated on the best, did they?
v Kalimat Perintah (Command)
Untuk membentuk kalimat perintah Tag Question adalah “will you”
Example: Please close the door, will you?
Please be careful, will you?
v Kalimat Ajakan (Request)

16. Untuk membuat kalimat ajakan, kita menggunakan Tag Question “shall we”
Example: Let’s go home together, shall we?
Let’s play football now, shall we?
v Tag Question untuk complex sentence
Untuk membuat Tag Question-nya bukan pada induk kalimat (main clause) tapi pada anak
kalimat (sub-clause)
Example: I think that you are clever, aren’t you?
We hope you are happy, aren’t you?
Notes;
 “ I am” biasanya mempunyai Tag dengan “Aren’t”
Example : I am very late, aren’t I?
I am very stupid, aren’t I?
 “ Let’s” menpunyai Tag dengan “Shall”
Example : Let’s read aloud, shall we?
Let’s pretend we’re not here, shall we?
Let’s go, shall we?
 “Used to” dapat mempunyai Tag dengan “did”
Example : You used to leave in Bandung, didn’t you?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn’t you?