Week 9 warm ups
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The document outlines five areas of evidence for evolution: biogeography, fossils, anatomy and embryology, genetics and molecular biology, and testing natural selection. For each area, it lists questions about how the evidence in that area relates to evolutionary history, processes, and theory.
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Week 9 warm ups
The document outlines evidence of evolution from biogeography, fossils, anatomy, embryology, genetics and molecular biology, and studies of natural selection. It discusses how the geographic distribution of species relates to their evolutionary history, the use of fossils to trace descent of modern species, homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggesting evolutionary change, molecular biology's ability to trace evolution, and how research on Galapagos finches shows natural selection in action.
Evidence of the Evolution
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from several areas of scientific study:
1) Comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular biology provide evidence that all living things share common ancestors as they find similarities on the molecular, cellular and whole organism level.
2) Biogeography and the fossil record found by paleontology show how species are distributed worldwide and how life forms have changed over geological time.
3) Modern examples like antibiotic resistance in bacteria and radioactive dating techniques provide additional current evidence and allow scientists to determine the age of the earth and timing of evolutionary events.
Unit 3 cells unit at a glance new curriculum
This unit covers cell structure and function over 18 days. Students will read chapters 6-8, 11-12 from the textbook and cover topics on cellular energy and matter exchange, membrane structure and selective permeability, intercellular and intracellular signaling, subcellular components and interactions, and the cell cycle. Labs include using microscopes to observe cell structures, diffusion and osmosis, and mitosis in onion root tips. Lecture topics focus on comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, animal and plant cells, membrane properties, signal transduction pathways, and the phases of the cell cycle.
Fall Final Exam Study Guide
This study guide covers key concepts in science including:
1) The characteristics of living things such as homeostasis, cell structure, and evolution. It also defines related terms.
2) How early scientists like Miller and Urey conducted experiments to study the conditions and first life forms on Earth.
3) The hierarchical structure of how scientists classify and organize organisms into taxonomic groups like domains, kingdoms, based on comparing structures and evolutionary relationships.
Origins oflifestations day1and2.ppt
This document outlines a lesson plan on evidence for the theory of evolution. It includes discussions of various topics that provide support, such as fossil evidence, comparative anatomy and embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology. Students explore these topics through vocabulary exercises, lab stations, and analysis questions. The lesson aims to explain how this scientific evidence from diverse areas of biology all points to common descent and evolution of modern organisms over time.
Chapter 1
This document provides an overview and introduction to the fundamentals of biology. It discusses what biology is, the scope and levels of biological study from molecules to ecosystems. Key topics covered include the cell theory, evolution by natural selection, a brief history of life on Earth from the formation of early cells to the development of eukaryotes and multicellular organisms, and the diversity of life and relationships between organisms depicted in the tree of life. Scientific inquiry in biology is also introduced, including the scientific method and types of experiments used by biologists.
Biological Diversity: a molecular re-analysis
Note that animations may fail and foul up formatting in slideshare. For best results, download the original.
Branches of-biology
This document outlines various branches of biology, including agronomy which is the study of crops and soils; anatomy which is the study of living structures; and ecology which is the study of organism interactions within environments. Other branches mentioned are bacteriology, biochemistry, biogeography, botany, cytology, embryology, entomology, ethology, genetics, horticulture, ichthyology, microbiology, oceanography, paleontology, physiology, taxonomy, virology, and zoology.
Recommended
Week 9 warm ups
The document outlines evidence of evolution from biogeography, fossils, anatomy, embryology, genetics and molecular biology, and studies of natural selection. It discusses how the geographic distribution of species relates to their evolutionary history, the use of fossils to trace descent of modern species, homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggesting evolutionary change, molecular biology's ability to trace evolution, and how research on Galapagos finches shows natural selection in action.
Evidence of the Evolution
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from several areas of scientific study:
1) Comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular biology provide evidence that all living things share common ancestors as they find similarities on the molecular, cellular and whole organism level.
2) Biogeography and the fossil record found by paleontology show how species are distributed worldwide and how life forms have changed over geological time.
3) Modern examples like antibiotic resistance in bacteria and radioactive dating techniques provide additional current evidence and allow scientists to determine the age of the earth and timing of evolutionary events.
Unit 3 cells unit at a glance new curriculum
This unit covers cell structure and function over 18 days. Students will read chapters 6-8, 11-12 from the textbook and cover topics on cellular energy and matter exchange, membrane structure and selective permeability, intercellular and intracellular signaling, subcellular components and interactions, and the cell cycle. Labs include using microscopes to observe cell structures, diffusion and osmosis, and mitosis in onion root tips. Lecture topics focus on comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, animal and plant cells, membrane properties, signal transduction pathways, and the phases of the cell cycle.
Fall Final Exam Study Guide
This study guide covers key concepts in science including:
1) The characteristics of living things such as homeostasis, cell structure, and evolution. It also defines related terms.
2) How early scientists like Miller and Urey conducted experiments to study the conditions and first life forms on Earth.
3) The hierarchical structure of how scientists classify and organize organisms into taxonomic groups like domains, kingdoms, based on comparing structures and evolutionary relationships.
Origins oflifestations day1and2.ppt
This document outlines a lesson plan on evidence for the theory of evolution. It includes discussions of various topics that provide support, such as fossil evidence, comparative anatomy and embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology. Students explore these topics through vocabulary exercises, lab stations, and analysis questions. The lesson aims to explain how this scientific evidence from diverse areas of biology all points to common descent and evolution of modern organisms over time.
Chapter 1
This document provides an overview and introduction to the fundamentals of biology. It discusses what biology is, the scope and levels of biological study from molecules to ecosystems. Key topics covered include the cell theory, evolution by natural selection, a brief history of life on Earth from the formation of early cells to the development of eukaryotes and multicellular organisms, and the diversity of life and relationships between organisms depicted in the tree of life. Scientific inquiry in biology is also introduced, including the scientific method and types of experiments used by biologists.
Biological Diversity: a molecular re-analysis
Note that animations may fail and foul up formatting in slideshare. For best results, download the original.
Branches of-biology
This document outlines various branches of biology, including agronomy which is the study of crops and soils; anatomy which is the study of living structures; and ecology which is the study of organism interactions within environments. Other branches mentioned are bacteriology, biochemistry, biogeography, botany, cytology, embryology, entomology, ethology, genetics, horticulture, ichthyology, microbiology, oceanography, paleontology, physiology, taxonomy, virology, and zoology.
Periodfourpresentation.
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
Periodfourpresentation.
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
Valentine et al 1999 (fossils, molecules and embryos new perspectives on the ...
The Cambrian explosion refers to the geologically rapid appearance of numerous metazoan body plans between 530-520 million years ago, representing about 1.7% of the duration of the animal fossil record. Earlier evidence of animal activity is found as far back as 600 million years ago in the form of trace fossils. The timing and significance of the Cambrian explosion remains debated, as some argue it was not a major evolutionary event while others view it as the establishment of the Phanerozoic biosphere. New fossil and molecular evidence provides a more complex picture, with increasing metazoan diversity and activity in the lead-up to the explosion, though it remains a prominent diversification event when most animal phyla first appear in
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
Classification of living_things
The document discusses the classification of living things into six kingdoms: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria. It provides details on each kingdom, including their cell structure, ability to produce food, and examples of organisms within each kingdom. The classification system is hierarchical with seven levels and is based on the work of Carolus Linnaeus, who developed the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
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Sexual reproduction involves the combination of sex cells from two parents to form a new organism. Meiosis is the process that produces sex cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes found in regular body cells. Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions, resulting in four haploid cells being produced from one original diploid cell. Fertilization then occurs when a haploid egg and sperm cell combine, forming a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number of the species. Mistakes during meiosis can result in sex cells with abnormal chromosome numbers, sometimes causing health issues or death.
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Cell evolution
The earliest life on Earth were simple prokaryotic cells that existed around 3.5-3.9 billion years ago. These included stromatolites, primitive photosynthetic bacteria that formed along coastlines. As these prokaryotes became more widespread, they changed the atmosphere to include more oxygen. The first eukaryotic cells evolved around 2.1 billion years ago and included protists like protozoa and algae. Eukaryotic cells developed in two stages: infolding of the cell membrane to form internal structures like the nucleus, and endosymbiosis where mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells and became cellular organelles.
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Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic
Microorganisms can be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic groups. Prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea originated earliest on Earth and initiated an oxygenated atmosphere through endosymbiosis and panspermia, allowing new lifeforms to evolve over billions of years. Microorganisms make up most of Earth's biomass and play crucial roles in ecosystems by producing oxygen, decomposing waste, and nourishing other organisms, though some can cause disease. They are classified into 7 types - bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses, and multicellular animals - based on their cellular structure, genetics, and metabolism.
Growth of bacteria dr.ihsan alsaimary
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
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Evidence of Evolution
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
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Macroevolution examines evolution over long time periods of thousands to millions of years. It studies changes above the species level, including the emergence of new species through speciation and loss of species through extinction. Key areas of study in macroevolution include building phylogenetic trees to demonstrate evolutionary relationships between extinct and modern species based on morphological comparisons, and using molecular analysis to help validate these relationships when possible. Mass extinctions that eliminate large percentages of species are also investigated to better understand causes and patterns of extinction and subsequent radiations as new species evolve to fill open niches.
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This table compares key characteristics of five kingdoms - animals, fungi, plants, protoctists, and prokaryotes. It outlines that animals and plants are generally multicellular, fungi are usually multicellular, protoctists can be multicellular or unicellular, and prokaryotes are often unicellular. It describes differences in cell structure between the kingdoms and their methods of nutrition.
Week 10 warm up
Next week there is an exam on Chapter 16. Students should prepare by studying assignments like the Darwin video, chapter 16 worksheet, warm ups, and natural selection lab. They should also look over the chapter at home and study in a group for at least 30 minutes each day. Individuals do not evolve, groups evolve.
Ecology notes
Ecology notes discuss key concepts in ecology including:
- The biosphere, which encompasses all life on Earth from 10,000 meters below to above the surface.
- Ecology, which studies interactions between life forms and between life and non-living elements.
- Levels of organization from atoms to biomes.
- Biotic factors like producers, consumers and abiotic factors like the sun and energy.
- Food chains which flow in one direction and complex food webs with interactions between multiple organisms.
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This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
Periodfourpresentation.
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
Valentine et al 1999 (fossils, molecules and embryos new perspectives on the ...
The Cambrian explosion refers to the geologically rapid appearance of numerous metazoan body plans between 530-520 million years ago, representing about 1.7% of the duration of the animal fossil record. Earlier evidence of animal activity is found as far back as 600 million years ago in the form of trace fossils. The timing and significance of the Cambrian explosion remains debated, as some argue it was not a major evolutionary event while others view it as the establishment of the Phanerozoic biosphere. New fossil and molecular evidence provides a more complex picture, with increasing metazoan diversity and activity in the lead-up to the explosion, though it remains a prominent diversification event when most animal phyla first appear in
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiation
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
Classification of living_things
The document discusses the classification of living things into six kingdoms: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria. It provides details on each kingdom, including their cell structure, ability to produce food, and examples of organisms within each kingdom. The classification system is hierarchical with seven levels and is based on the work of Carolus Linnaeus, who developed the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
MPE86-1
This document describes a study that characterized the genetic diversity and sexual reproduction capabilities of the fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The researchers sequenced and analyzed three genetic markers (SSUrDNA, nad1_b, and cox-1) from nine I. multifiliis isolates collected in different states. They found that the mitochondrial markers effectively distinguished the isolates and divided them into at least two genetically distinct groups. Analysis of 14 somatic single nucleotide polymorphism sites also showed that none of the nine isolates shared the same composition, suggesting sexual reproduction occurs in the life cycle of I. multifiliis. Compared to related ciliate species, I. multifiliis was found to have lost around 30-38
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes key
This document outlines the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It notes that there are two main types of cells - prokaryotes, which are the simplest life forms and earliest inhabitants of Earth, and eukaryotes, which developed from prokaryotes and include more complex multicellular organisms like animals, plants and fungi. Prokaryotes exist in two kingdoms - bacteria and archaebacteria, which can survive in extreme environments, while eukaryotes are larger and have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
Chapter 4 section 2 notes
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of sex cells from two parents to form a new organism. Meiosis is the process that produces sex cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes found in regular body cells. Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions, resulting in four haploid cells being produced from one original diploid cell. Fertilization then occurs when a haploid egg and sperm cell combine, forming a diploid zygote with the full chromosome number of the species. Mistakes during meiosis can result in sex cells with abnormal chromosome numbers, sometimes causing health issues or death.
Natural proyect adriana alba paula
This document defines the cell and describes its key parts and functions. It explains that cells are the smallest unit of life and there are two main types - animal and plant cells. The main parts of the cell are identified as the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and chloroplasts in plant cells. The nucleus controls the cell, the membrane controls what enters and exits, and the cytoplasm and vacuoles store materials. Chloroplasts in plants contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Key cell functions include reproduction through sexual or asexual means, responding to stimuli in the environment through interaction, and obtaining nutrients through photosynthesis in plants or consuming other organisms for animals.
Living things Review
The document is a review for a 5th grade natural science test on living things. It contains 11 multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like the five kingdoms of living things, cellular structures, organism size, and whether things are multicellular or unicellular. The review is assessing students' knowledge on classifying and understanding the basic characteristics of different life forms.
1. cell structure 2021
The document is a presentation on cell structure given by Dwi Listyorini, Ph.D from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at Universitas Negeri Malang in February 2021. It discusses the chemical components that make up cells, including water, molecules such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, ions, and gases. These chemicals allow cells to carry out essential functions through their various roles as solvents, catalysts of reactions, structural components, and metabolic byproducts.
Evo s jurnal
This document discusses a recent discovery about the protein STAT3. Researchers found that STAT3 has two distinct functions: 1) it acts as a transcription factor in the cell nucleus after becoming phosphorylated in response to cytokine signaling, and 2) it localizes to mitochondria and acts as a component of the electron transport chain after becoming serine phosphorylated. The document suggests that considering the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells and mitochondrial endosymbiosis could provide insight into STAT3's dual functions. Specifically, STAT3 may have originally been a mitochondrial protein that was co-opted to manipulate host gene expression, or it may have been a host protein that was co-opted to regulate symbiont respiration.
Cell evolution
The earliest life on Earth were simple prokaryotic cells that existed around 3.5-3.9 billion years ago. These included stromatolites, primitive photosynthetic bacteria that formed along coastlines. As these prokaryotes became more widespread, they changed the atmosphere to include more oxygen. The first eukaryotic cells evolved around 2.1 billion years ago and included protists like protozoa and algae. Eukaryotic cells developed in two stages: infolding of the cell membrane to form internal structures like the nucleus, and endosymbiosis where mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells and became cellular organelles.
growth of bacteria dr. ihsan alsaimary
This document provides references and objectives for lectures on the growth of microorganisms. It discusses the growth curve of bacterial populations, which consists of four phases: lag phase where cells adjust to their environment; exponential or log phase where rapid cell division occurs; stationary phase where growth equals death due to environmental stresses; and death phase where death exceeds growth. The key factors affecting bacterial growth are availability of nutrients, accumulation of waste, oxygen levels, pH, temperature and space limitations.
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic
Microorganisms can be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic groups. Prokaryotes like bacteria and archaea originated earliest on Earth and initiated an oxygenated atmosphere through endosymbiosis and panspermia, allowing new lifeforms to evolve over billions of years. Microorganisms make up most of Earth's biomass and play crucial roles in ecosystems by producing oxygen, decomposing waste, and nourishing other organisms, though some can cause disease. They are classified into 7 types - bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses, and multicellular animals - based on their cellular structure, genetics, and metabolism.
Growth of bacteria dr.ihsan alsaimary
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
Branches Of Biology
Biology has many branches that study different aspects of living organisms. Some of the main branches described in the document are paleontology, genetics, ecology, zoology, botany, pathology, entomology, phycology, cytology, ornithology, physiology, herpetology, and morphology. Each branch name comes from Greek or Latin roots referring to what it studies, such as "zoion" meaning animal in zoology.
Evidence of Evolution
This document provides an overview of the evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It discusses multiple lines of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including fossils and the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and geology. The development of evolutionary theory from early naturalists like Darwin to modern understanding is also summarized. Key events that shaped understanding, such as Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and subsequent publication of On the Origin of Species, are also briefly outlined.
Pap.macroevolution
Macroevolution examines evolution over long time periods of thousands to millions of years. It studies changes above the species level, including the emergence of new species through speciation and loss of species through extinction. Key areas of study in macroevolution include building phylogenetic trees to demonstrate evolutionary relationships between extinct and modern species based on morphological comparisons, and using molecular analysis to help validate these relationships when possible. Mass extinctions that eliminate large percentages of species are also investigated to better understand causes and patterns of extinction and subsequent radiations as new species evolve to fill open niches.
Biology
This table compares key characteristics of five kingdoms - animals, fungi, plants, protoctists, and prokaryotes. It outlines that animals and plants are generally multicellular, fungi are usually multicellular, protoctists can be multicellular or unicellular, and prokaryotes are often unicellular. It describes differences in cell structure between the kingdoms and their methods of nutrition.
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Week 10 warm up
Next week there is an exam on Chapter 16. Students should prepare by studying assignments like the Darwin video, chapter 16 worksheet, warm ups, and natural selection lab. They should also look over the chapter at home and study in a group for at least 30 minutes each day. Individuals do not evolve, groups evolve.
Ecology notes
Ecology notes discuss key concepts in ecology including:
- The biosphere, which encompasses all life on Earth from 10,000 meters below to above the surface.
- Ecology, which studies interactions between life forms and between life and non-living elements.
- Levels of organization from atoms to biomes.
- Biotic factors like producers, consumers and abiotic factors like the sun and energy.
- Food chains which flow in one direction and complex food webs with interactions between multiple organisms.
Week12warm ups
We have studied cell biology, genetics, and evolution in this class so far. The remaining topics to cover are physiology and ecology. Physiology will look at how living organisms function, while ecology examines the interactions between organisms and their environments.
Week 15 warm up
The human body has organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis, keeping the human body stable despite changes in the outside environment. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to remain relatively stable through the coordinated actions of organ systems. This document discusses physiology unit objectives related to how the human body achieves homeostasis.
Natural selection lab
This document describes an experiment to test how different beak shapes affect a bird's ability to gather food. Students will act as birds with spoons, forks or sporks to collect beans and peas, and the amounts gathered will be counted. The hypothesis is that the spork bird will collect the most food and the fork bird the least. Students will rotate roles as the bird, nest and counter. They will then analyze the results and factors affecting food collection.
Owl pellet dissection
An owl pellet dissection found bones from 2 animals, including 2 humeri, 1 femur, 2 lower jaws, 2 skulls, 3 vertebrae, 2 shoulder blades, 2 ulnas/radii, 2 ribs, 6 pelvic bones, and 2 tibias/fibias. The pellet contents indicate the owl's diet consisted of at least 2 animals, and as a tertiary consumer, the owl preys on rats that eat plants.
Earthworm dissection lab
The earthworm belongs to the phylum Annelida. It has many segments and searches for food at night in the soil. Earthworms are important for enriching soil by turning over tons of soil and bringing nutrients to the surface. The lab involved dissecting an earthworm to observe its external and internal anatomy, including organs like the brain, hearts, and digestive system. Key differences from humans are that earthworms have multiple hearts and need to keep their skin moist at all times.
Week 10 warm up
Next week there is an exam on Chapter 16. Students should prepare by studying assignments like the Darwin video, chapter 16 worksheet, warm ups, and natural selection lab. They should also look over the chapter at home and study in a group for at least 30 minutes each day. Individuals do not evolve, groups evolve.
Chapter14worksheets
The document provides an overview of three lessons on human heredity:
1) Human Chromosomes - It describes karyotypes, patterns of inheritance including dominance and sex-linked traits. Pedigrees are used to study human traits.
2) Human Genetic Disorders - Genetic disorders have a molecular basis when changes in DNA alter proteins and phenotypes. Examples include sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease. Chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome can occur from nondisjunction.
3) Studying the Human Genome - The final lesson likely discusses the Human Genome Project which sought to sequence the entire human genome to better understand human genetics.
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The document outlines the course contents for ecology, biodiversity, and evolution. It includes 12 topics that cover the origin of life, classification of animal and plant kingdoms, phylogenetic trees, importance of biodiversity and conservation, evolution of microbes, plants and animals, and methods of studying evolution. It lists 4 reference books that are available in the university library and can be used to supplement the course materials.
Unit 9 evolution
The document discusses the history of life on Earth from its origins to early multicellular life. It describes early scientific theories on the beginning of life and experiments providing evidence against spontaneous generation. Modern scientists believe life began through natural chemical reactions forming organic molecules, as supported by the Miller-Urey experiment. Early life was prokaryotic and anaerobic, with eukaryotes and complex cells developing later through endosymbiosis. Fossils provide evidence of the progression and environments of early life. Radiometric dating allows determining the absolute ages of fossils.
Biology - Chp 17 - History Of Life - PowerPoint
This chapter discusses the history of life on Earth based on evidence from the fossil record. It covers how fossils are formed and dated, as well as how paleontologists interpret and classify fossils to understand past life forms and environments. The fossil record shows that life has changed over time, with more than 99% of all species becoming extinct. It also reveals patterns of evolution such as extinction events, adaptive radiation, convergent and coevolution. The chapter discusses theories of punctuated equilibrium and the role of developmental genes in transformations of body plans over long periods of evolutionary time.
Select all of the types of evidence that biologists have discovered t.pdf
Select all of the types of evidence that biologists have discovered that support evolution.
Solution
Select all of the types of evidence that biologist have discovered that support evolution
Answer
Fossil record
Embryonic development
Molecular data
Anatomy of an organism
Physiology of an organism
=======================
Since an awesome measure of information backings the possibility of organic development
through common choice, and in light of the fact that no logical confirmation has yet been found
to demonstrate this thought false, this thought is viewed as a logical hypothesis.
confirm that backings the hypothesis of development by normal choice:
Biochemistry:
is the investigation of the fundamental science and procedures that happen in cells. The natural
chemistry of every single living thing on Earth is staggeringly comparative, demonstrating that
the majority of Earth\'s living beings share a typical heritage.
Comparative anatomy : it is the examination of the structures of various living things. This figure
analyzes the skeletons of people, felines, whales, and bats, representing how comparative they
are despite the fact that these creatures live interesting ways of life in altogether different
situations. The best clarification for likenesses like the ones among these skeletons is that the
different species on Earth advanced from normal predecessors.
Biogeography, the investigation of living things around the world, cements Darwin\'s hypothesis
of organic development. Fundamentally, if development is genuine, you\'d expect gatherings of
living beings that are identified with each other to be bunched close to each other in light of the
fact that related living beings originate from a similar basic progenitor.
Then again, if development isn\'t genuine, there\'s not a single explanation behind related
gatherings of creatures in sight close to each other. At the point when biogeographers look at the
dissemination of life forms living today or those that lived before (from fossils), they find that
species are conveyed around Earth in an example that mirrors their hereditary connections to
each other.
Comparative embryology thinks about the incipient organisms of various life forms. The
developing lives of numerous creatures, from fish to people, demonstrate likenesses that propose
a typical predecessor.
Molecular biology concentrates on the structure and capacity of the particles that make up cells.
Sub-atomic scientists have looked at quality arrangements among species, uncovering
similitudes among even altogether different creatures.
Paleontology :it is the investigation of ancient life through fossil proof. The fossil record (every
one of the fossils ever found and the data picked up from them) indicates point by point proof of
the adjustments in living things through time.
Advanced cases of natural development can be measured by concentrate the aftereffects of
logical analyses that measure transformative changes in the populaces of li.
Pre IB Biology: Evolution
Evolution is the process of change over time through natural selection. The document summarizes key evidence and theories of evolution, including:
1. Evidence from the fossil record shows gradual changes in life forms over billions of years. Comparative anatomy and embryology also provide evidence of common descent.
2. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposed that heritable variations arise by mutation and are selected if they confer a survival or reproductive advantage. This results in adaptation and potentially speciation.
3. Modern theories incorporate genetics and show how variation arises from sexual reproduction, mutation, and recombination of genes, and how selection can change allele frequencies to drive evolution or maintain genetic equilibrium.
FOR CO EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION.ppt
Fossil records, comparative anatomy, and genetic information provide evidence for evolution by showing how species have changed over time. Fossils show how ancient species were different from modern species, while homologous and analogous structures in different species indicate common ancestry or adaptation to similar environments. Comparisons of DNA and protein sequences also reveal how closely related species are, supporting the idea that all life on Earth descended from common ancestors through the process of natural selection.
Ch15,16,17 evolution2ppt
Charles Darwin sailed around the world from 1831-1836 and made observations of the diversity of life and how species differed on isolated islands like the Galapagos. These observations led him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection, which he published in 1859. Darwin's theory proposed that organisms vary individually, organisms produce more offspring than can survive, organisms compete for resources, organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on those traits, and over generations this process leads to evolution and the emergence of new species. Evidence that supported Darwin's theory included the fossil record, geographic distribution of species, homologous structures in different species, and similarities in embryonic development.
214 general genetics 1(2)-1 (1)
The document provides an introduction to genetics and a historical overview of developments in cytology, genetics, and cytogenetics. It discusses how genetics deals with heredity and variation, and defines related terms like cytology and cytogenetics. It also lists major scientific contributions from 1485 to 1993, including Mendel's principles of heredity, the discovery of DNA as the genetic material, and the development of techniques like PCR and genetic engineering.
MidtermReview
- All organisms are made of cells that come from preexisting cells (cell theory)
- Natural selection occurs when there is heritable variation in traits that influence survival and reproduction
- Examples of natural selection can be seen in Galapagos finches, where beak size influences survival during droughts or rainy periods
- Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies over time that can be influenced by small population size, founder effects, or population bottlenecks
Evolution class 9 gbs.pptx
The document discusses several key aspects of evolution including:
1. Organic evolution is the process by which living organisms change over time through natural selection.
2. There are five main types of evidence that support organic evolution including the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology.
3. The fossil record provides evidence of evolution over time by showing sequences of fossils that indicate later species developed from earlier ones through gradual changes.
Unit8: Origin and Evolution of Life
The document summarizes key concepts in the evolution of life. It discusses early theories of spontaneous generation and the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrating organic molecules can form from inorganic precursors. Modern evolutionary theory developed from Darwin's principles of variation within populations, a struggle for existence, and survival of the fittest. Evidence for evolution includes homologous and vestigial structures, transitional fossils, embryological similarities, and molecular comparisons. Present-day evolution theories have expanded on Darwin's work through ideas like punctuated equilibrium, selfish genes, and the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells. New species arise through genetic isolation of populations and their gradual differentiation over time. The appearance of human beings is traced from early homin
Evolution
- Modern evolutionary theory holds that evolution occurs gradually within populations as individuals vary and natural selection acts upon these heritable variations. While Darwin's theory of evolution is widely accepted, he did not explain the mechanisms of variation.
- Hugo de Vries proposed the "mutation theory" in the early 1900s, observing large sudden variations in primrose plants that bred true. He believed new species evolved via large mutations.
- Populations, not individuals, evolve as gene pools change over generations through natural selection acting on heritable genetic variations introduced by mutations and sexual reproduction.
ELS_Q2_Module-1_Evolving-Concept-of-Life-Based-on-Emerging-Pieces-of-Evidence...
ELS_Q2_Module-1_Evolving-Concept-of-Life-Based-on-Emerging-Pieces-of-Evidence...KristoRenzMacatuggal1
1. The evolving concept of life is based on emerging pieces of evidence discovered over centuries. During the 1800s, geologists found fossils of ancient sea life on dry land and layers of rock, supporting the idea that Earth and life changed over time.
2. Various pieces of evidence have helped trace the history of life on Earth, including fossils, rock layers, and indications of past volcanic activity and erosion. Understanding the history of life allows prediction of future changes and helps address challenges like pandemics.
3. Key evidence includes ancient bacteria and stromatolites, showing life first emerged as prokaryotic and anaerobic organisms over 3.5 billion years ago, and evolved with environmental changes like the oxygenChapter 1 and 2.pptx
1. Biological molecules are essential components of living organisms and perform many important functions in cells. The four major classes are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
2. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serve as important energy sources. They include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
3. Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose, which differ in whether they have an aldehyde or ketone functional group.
Evidence Of Evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from three areas: the fossil record, anatomy and development, and biological molecules. It summarizes that the fossil record shows a progression of life forms over time and can be used to predict intermediary forms. Comparisons of anatomy reveal homologous structures that share common ancestry. Analysis of proteins and nucleic acids finds relationships that reflect the fossil evidence and support gradual changes over generations as predicted by evolution.
Las in earth and life science
- The document provides learning activity sheets for students covering topics in Earth and life science over 7 weeks.
- Week 1 focuses on the origin and early forms of life, discussing theories for how life began and evidence from fossils. Key theories mentioned include special creation, panspermia, spontaneous generation, evolution, biogenesis, hydrothermal vents, and biochemical evolution. Early life forms included prokaryotic cells like bacteria and archaea and early eukaryotic cells.
- The activities guide students to discuss why studying the origin of life is important, create a diagram of how life formed on Earth, and reflect on what topics around the beginning of life most intrigued them based on what they learned.
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Select all of the types of evidence that biologists have discovered t.pdf
Select all of the types of evidence that biologists have discovered t.pdf
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- 1. Week 9 Warm Ups IV. Evidence of Evolution A. Biogeography 1. How Does the Geographic Distribution of a Species Today Relate to their Evolutionary History? 2. Closely Related but Different 3. Distantly Related but Similar B. The Age of Earth and Fossils 1. How Do Fossils Help to Document the Descent of Modern Species from Ancient Ancstors? 2. The Age of Earth? 3. Recent Fossil Finds C. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology 1. What Do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development Suggest About the process of Evolutionary Change? 2. Homologous Structures 3. Embryology D. Genetics and Molecular Biology 1. How Can Molecular Biology be Used to Trace the Process of Evolution? 2. Life’s Common Genetic Code 3. Homologous Molecules E. Testing Natural Selection 1. What Does Recent Research on the Galapagos finches show about Natural Selection? 2. A Testable Hypothesis 3. Natural Selection 4. Evaluating Evolutionary TheoryIV. Evidence of Evolution A. Biogeography 1. How Does the Geographic Distribution of a Species Today Relate to their Evolutionary History? 2. Closely Related but Different 3. Distantly Related but Similar B. The Age of Earth and Fossils 1. How Do Fossils Help to Document the Descent of Modern Species from Ancient Ancstors? 2. The Age of Earth? 3. Recent Fossil Finds C. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology 1. What Do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development Suggest About the process of Evolutionary Change?2. Homologous S tructures 3. Embryology D. Genetics and Molecular Biology
- 2. 1. How Can Molecular Biology be Used to Trace the Process of Evolution? 2. Life’s Common Genetic Code 3. Homologous Molecules E. Testing Natural Selection 1. What Does Recent Research on the Galapagos finches show about Natural Selection? 2. A Testable Hypothesis 3. Natural Selection 4. Evaluating Evolutionary TheoryIV. Evidence of Evolution A. Biogeography 1. How Does the Geographic Distribution of a Species Today Relate to their Evolutionary History? 2. Closely Related but Different 3. Distantly Related but Similar B. The Age of Earth and Fossils 1. How Do Fossils Help to Document the Descent of Modern Species from Ancient Ancstors? 2. The Age of Earth? 3. Recent Fossil Finds C. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology 1. What Do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development Suggest About the process of Evolutionary Change?2. Homologous S tructures 3. Embryology D. Genetics and Molecular Biology 1. How Can Molecular Biology be Used to Trace the Process of Evolution? 2. Life’s Common Genetic Code 3. Homologous Molecules E. Testing Natural Selection 1. What Does Recent Research on the Galapagos finches show about Natural Selection? 2. A Testable Hypothesis 3. Natural Selection 4. Evaluating Evolutionary Theory