1. The document discusses the history and importance of listening skills in language learning. It was not until the 1960s that listening began to be seen as an active rather than passive skill. 2. The cognitive processing of listening involves both top-down and bottom-up processing. Effective listening instruction incorporates tasks that require learners to listen and then do something with the information, as well as activities that develop strategic listening skills. 3. Developing listening skills requires using authentic materials, making the content relevant to learners, and providing opportunities for learners to practice both global and selective listening.