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Listening -a critical skill
This document provides guidance on effective listening instruction and activities. It recommends the MINUS approach: focus on meaning, interest, manageable new language, understanding, and a stress-free environment. Suggested activities include listening to stories, cloze exercises, picture ordering, and information transfer tasks. Dictation and dictogloss activities are also discussed, along with developing fluency, assessment, and online listening resources. The document emphasizes selecting meaningful, level-appropriate materials and supporting comprehension through pre-listening activities and cooperative learning.
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Listening -a critical skill
- 1. Listening—A Critical Skill Createdby Jerrold Frank, Adapted by Eve Smith ETRC Spring School 6-8 March, 2014
- 2. How Should Teachingand Learning be Done? The MINUS Approach 1. Meaning: Focus on meaningful and relevant language. 2. Interest: Maintain interest through a variety of activities. 3. New Language:Avoid overloading the learners with too much new language. 4. Understanding: Provide plenty of comprehensible input. 5. Stress-free: Create a friendly, safe, cooperative classroom environment.
- 3. Questions Teachers ShouldAsk? • Is the input of a piece meaningful communication? • Does the input contain useful or interesting information that will attract the learners attention? • What learnable (new) language will learners meet through the listening experience? • Can the learners understand the input and how are new language items being made comprehensible? • How is stress and anxiety being controlled?
- 4. Tips for Selecting“MINUS” Listening Activities • Choose materials learners are interested in. • Choose materials that are at the right level for the learners. • Help students understand unfamiliar words through context. • Don’t focus exclusively on language features. Concentrate on the FLOW of the listening task. • Allow opportunities for interaction during tasks • Concentrate on input over output.
- 5. Activities for “MINUS”focused Listening. • Listening to stories • Oral Cloze exercises • Picture ordering • The “What is it?” technique • Same or different exercises • Listen and Choose exercises • Listen and Draw exercises • Padded Questions • Information transfer activities • Note taking
- 6. Supporting Listening 1. Providepre-listening support with aspects of the text (i.e., with language, ideas, skills or text-type). 2. Guide learners through the text. 3. Establish cooperative learning arrangements. 4. Help learners to be autonomous listeners.
- 7. Dictation and RelatedActivities • Running Dictation • One Chance Dictation • Dictation of Long Phrases • Guided Dictation • Dictation for Mixed Classes • Peer Dictation • Completion Dictation • Sentence Dictation • Unexploded Dictation • Delayed Repetition • Read-and-Look-Up
- 8. Monitoring Dictation 1. Memoryspan is shorter in a foreign language. 2. Memory span in a foreign language increases with mastery of the language. 3. The difference between the native and the foreign language memory span is greater when the material in the foreign language contains pronunciation and grammatical contrasts between the language. 4. The relation of memory span to foreign language is greater for contextual material than for numbers.
- 9. Dictogloss and RelatedActivities • Dictogloss • Dicto-comp • Retelling • Expert Groups • Oral Reproduction • Disappearing Text • Phrase by Phrase
- 10. Websites for Listening •Podbean.com • TED • Audacity • VOA Special English • National Public Radio
- 19. Strategy Based Listening •Communication Strategies: strategies to assist comprehension, for example making predications before listening, listening selectively, knowing how to interrupt politely, etc. • Learning Strategies: strategies for noticing language forms in the input in their independent listening, negotiating(seeking clarification), listening for patterns, focused listening.
- 20. Activities to EncourageNegotiation • Listen and do. • Controlling the teacher. • Could you repeat that? • Graded Discussion
- 21. Developing Fluency inListening • Name it! • Listening to Questions. • A Listening Corner. • Listening to Pictures. • Listening to Questions. • Listening to Stories • Listen Again. • Visit and Listen. • Listen while Reading. • Recorded Interviews. • Predicting.
- 22. Assessment • Washback effect:A good test is a model for what should happen in the classroom. • Reliability: A reliable test is one whose results are not greatly affected by a change in the conditions under which it is given and marked. • Validity: A valid test is one that measures what it supposed to measure. • Practicality: Ease of administration and scoring
- 23. Examples of ListeningTests • Dictation • Partial Dictation • Text with Questions • Responding to Statements • Three Choice True-False • Recorded Cloze • Information Transfer
- 24. The END! • Resource:Nation, I.S.P & Newton, J. Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking
- 25. THANK YOU FORYOUR TIME AND ATTENTION. Please join the new Ning group: E-connect for English teachers in the region.
Editor's Notes
- #4 A and B listening activity. What is listening?
- #8 Unexploded dictation-teacher records at regular rate with no pauses then students have to listen to the recording stopping and starting again until they have completed the transcript.
- #10 T reads something twice 1st time Ss listen. 2nd time Ss take notes of key words. then Ss work together in groups to recreate. Then groups compare answers and they work on it again to make changes. They can also retell text several times to people with each time allowing less time for each retelling.