As an educators, in dealing day to day problem, most of us are heavily dependent on our limited experience, expertise and authority. And we use these experiences as basis for problem solving. But nowadays, education sectors has changed its mandate concerning research as part of the primary function of an educator.

1. Week 1: Nature of
Qualitative and Quantitative
Research

2. How do we find
answers to the
questions we
have about
everyday
phenomena?
2

3. 3
● Understand the underlying
concepts and principles of
qualitative and quantitative
research.
● Differentiate quantitative
research and qualitative
research
3

4. If you were to
do research on
a particular
topic, what
type of data
would you
gather?
4

5. Types of Research Methods
5
● Qualitative research
● Quantitative research
● Mixed methods research

6. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 6
6

7. 7
7

8. 8
● It focuses on words
along with its
construction, meanings,
and interpretations.
● It asks open-ended
questions to extract
meanings, perceptions,
and interpretations.
Qualitative Research

9. 9

10. 10
Qualitative Research
Strategies of Inquiry
● Phenomenology
● Grounded theory
● Ethnography
● Case study
● Narrative research
Data Collection
● Interviews
● Focus group
discussions
● Content analysis

11. Examples of
Qualitative
Research
11
1. Perspectives of teachers on the
implementation of anti-bullying
policies
2. Cultural practices of an indigenous
group and their respective
meanings
3. Perceptions on the importance of
freedom of speech
4. Interpretations of political speeches

12. 12
Qualitative research may possibly
use numbers and figures, but its
analysis still focuses on words,
meanings, interpretations, and
perspectives.

13. 13
• Qualitative research sample size =
30 respondents
• Saturation point
- the point in the research process when no new
information is discovered in data analysis, and this
redundancy signals to researchers that data collection
may cease.

14. 14
● It is a means for testing
objective theories by
examining the relationship
among variables.
● It makes use of statistics in
the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of numerical
data.
Quantitative Research

15. 15
Quantitative Research
Strategies of Inquiry
● Survey research
● Experimental
research
Data Collection
● Surveys
● Experiments

16. Examples of
Quantitative
Research
16
1. Effects of physical exercise on sleep
quality
2. Preferences of college students
towards computer operating systems
3. Impact of social media use on rising
fashion trends

17. 17
Qualitative techniques rely on
words. Quantitative techniques use
numbers.

18. 18
• Quantitative research sample size
= 100 respondents

19. What are the differences
between the
two in each step?

20. 1. Identifying a research problem.
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Description of trends or
an explanation of
variables’ relationships.
● An exploration in which
little is known about the
problem.
● A detailed
understanding of a
central phenomenon.

21. 2. Reviewing the literature
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Major role through
suggesting the RQ to be
asked.
● Justifying the R
problem and the need
for the direction of the
study.
● Minor role in suggesting
SRQ to be asked.
● Justify the importance
of studying the research
problem.

22. 3. Specifying a purpose for the
research
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Be specific and narrow.
● Seek measurable,
observable data on
variables.
● Be general and broad.
● Seek to understand the
participants’
experiences.

23. 4. Collecting data
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Collecting data using
instruments with preset
Qs and Res.
● Collecting info from a
large number of
individuals.
● Collecting data using
forms with general,
emerging Qs to permit the
participant to generate
responses.
● Gathering word(text) or
image(picture) data.
● Collecting info from a
small number of
individuals or sites.

24. 5. Analyzing and Interpreting data
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Data analysis tends to
consist of statistical analysis.
● Describing trends,
comparing group
differences, relating
variables.
● Interpretation tends to
consist of comparing results
with prior predictions and
past research.
● Text analysis.
● A description of themes.
● Stating the larger
meaning of findings.

25. 6. Reporting and Evaluating research
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
● Tend to use standard
fixed structure and
evaluation criteria.
● Take an objective and
unbiased approach.
● A flexible, emerging
structure and evaluative
criteria.
● Take a subjective and
biased approach.

26. 26
It employs the elements of both
qualitative and quantitative research
in terms of strategies and methods.
Mixed Methods Research

27. 27
Mixed Methods Research
Sequential
It elaborates or
expands the
findings of one
method with
another method.
Concurrent
Qualitative and
quantitative
methods and data
are being used
and collected at
the same time.
Transformative
A theoretical lens
is used as an
overarching
perspective within
a design that
contains both
quantitative and
qualitative data.

28. Sequential
28
28
Concurrent
Qualitative Quantitative
Quantitative Qualitative
expounded by
expounded by
Qualitative Quantitative

29. 29
Mixed methods research does not
only combine qualitative and
quantitative techniques. It also
considers the complementarity of
the two techniques.

30. 30
Comparing qualitative and quantitative research
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Advantages ● It provides a richer and deeper
understanding of the phenomenon.
● Participants can provide deeper,
more detailed, and specific answers
to the questions.
● Findings are generalizable and
reflective of the population due to
the large number of participants.
● Use of statistical methods in the
collection and analysis of data gives
validity and reliability to the findings.
Disadvantages ● Number of participants (sample size)
is smaller compared to quantitative
research.
● Narrative findings from a small
number of participants are not
generalizable for the whole
population.
● Depth of the answers of the
participants is limited due to the
large sample size and the use of
closed-ended questions.
● Data expressed as numbers may not
always capture the complexities of
the phenomenon under study.

31. 31
Based on your own track and strand,
which type of research are you more
inclined to do?

32. Practice
Based on the characteristics of qualitative
and quantitative research, think of
two phenomena which may be studied
using each research design.
32

33. Quick Check
This type of research asks open-ended
questions to extract meaning, perceptions,
and interpretations.
33

34. Quick Check
This is the type of mixed methods research
that uses the techniques of both qualitative
and quantitative research at the same time.
34

35. Classify the different
research topics as
qualitative or
quantitative
research
Quick Check
35
35
1. The experiences of adults
going into retirement
2. Frequency of using mobile
banking applications
3. The role of art in elementary
education
35
35
35

36. 36
The three main types of research designs are
qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods research.
Each type of research has strategies of
inquiry and employs specific methods of
data collection.

37. 37

38. Bibliography
38
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd ed.
California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.
Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th ed.
Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.
O’Leary, Zina. The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2004.
Vanderstoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday Life: Blending
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.