Week 1 Worksheet HST/276 Version 2 1 University of Phoenix Material Week 1 Worksheet As you read this week’s required materials, complete this worksheet. This is a multipage assignment; double-check that you completed each page before submitting. Part I: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. 1. History and Archaeology a. The written record of the past and the study of past written records is called History . b. The study of the past based on recovering and identifying artifacts and making inferences about those who left these artifacts is called Archaeology . c. Both historians and archaeologists describe the past. Historians study Written Records to form this description, whereas archaeologists study artifacts . d. Scholars’ ability to relate narrative stories of past Andean cultures is limited because they did not use written language , but recent advances in translating the language has allowed a better understanding of Mesoamerican cultures. e. Based on archaeological and genetic evidence, scholars believe the first people to settle the Americas came across a natural land bridge , from Siberia into Alaska . 2. The Civilizations of Al-Andalus a. The first Spanish Umayyad, Abd al-Rahman , forced Charlemagne’s forces to retreat into France. b. The 50-year reign of abd al-Rahman saw the defense of Córdoba from the Fatimids in Africa and the Christians to the north. After his death, the caliphate fragmented into many smaller principalities. c. The Almoravids and Almohads of North Africa invaded Spain in the 11th century to enforce strict Muslim rule. d. The mercenary adventures of El Cid during the reconquest or reconquista made him Spain’s national hero. e. In 1942 , the last Islamic Andalusian kingdom, Granada, was captured by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castille. Jews and Muslims were forced to leave Spain. 3. Fatimid Civilization a. The Fatimid dynasty ruled , Sicily, and parts of the Middle East. b. The Shi’ite Fatimids established a(n) in their new capital, , to rival those of Baghdad and Córdoba. c. The , who live in modern Lebanon and Syria, originated as a splinter group that believed one of the Fatimid caliphs was the last incarnation of God. d. The Fatimid Empire weakened in the 12th century and was conquered by . 4. Saljug Civilization a. The Saljuqs (also known as Seljuks or Saljuks) were the earliest significant Islamic rulers from peoples. They extended their rule from Transoxiana to the Iranian Plateau, Mesopotamia, much of the Near East, and Asia Minor during the century. b. The vizier ruled the Saljuk Empire through two sultans.

1. Week 1 Worksheet
HST/276 Version 2
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week 1 Worksheet
As you read this week’s required materials, complete this
worksheet. This is a multipage assignment; double-check that
you completed each page before submitting.
Part I: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.
1. History and Archaeology
a. The written record of the past and the study of past written
records is called History .
b. The study of the past based on recovering and identifying
artifacts and making inferences about those who left these
artifacts is called Archaeology .
c. Both historians and archaeologists describe the past.
Historians study Written Records to form this
description, whereas archaeologists study artifacts .
d. Scholars’ ability to relate narrative stories of past Andean
cultures is limited because they did not use written
language , but recent advances in translating the
language has allowed a better understanding of Mesoamerican
cultures.
e. Based on archaeological and genetic evidence, scholars

2. believe the first people to settle the Americas came across a
natural land bridge , from Siberia into Alaska
.
2. The Civilizations of Al-Andalus
a. The first Spanish Umayyad, Abd al-Rahman ,
forced Charlemagne’s forces to retreat into France.
b. The 50-year reign of abd al-Rahman saw the
defense of Córdoba from the Fatimids in Africa and the
Christians to the north. After his death, the caliphate
fragmented into many smaller principalities.
c. The Almoravids and Almohads of North
Africa invaded Spain in the 11th century to enforce strict
Muslim rule.
d. The mercenary adventures of El Cid during the
reconquest or reconquista made him Spain’s national
hero.
e. In 1942 , the last Islamic Andalusian kingdom, Granada,
was captured by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of
Castille. Jews and Muslims were forced to leave Spain.
3. Fatimid Civilization
a. The Fatimid dynasty ruled , Sicily, and parts of the
Middle East.
b. The Shi’ite Fatimids established a(n) in their new
capital, , to rival those of Baghdad and Córdoba.
c. The , who live in modern Lebanon and Syria,
originated as a splinter group that believed one of the Fatimid
caliphs was the last incarnation of God.

3. d. The Fatimid Empire weakened in the 12th century and was
conquered by . 4. Saljug Civilization
a. The Saljuqs (also known as Seljuks or Saljuks) were the
earliest significant Islamic rulers from peoples.
They extended their rule from Transoxiana to the Iranian
Plateau, Mesopotamia, much of the Near East, and Asia Minor
during the century.
b. The vizier ruled the Saljuk Empire through two
sultans, building roads, caravanserais, canals, mosques, and
madrasas.
c. In the 12th century, the Saljuk Empire lost territory in
Anatolia to the Empire, and was destroyed in the
year by the Khwarizm-Shahs.
5. Ilkhanid Civilization
a. The Mongols conquered Persia and Mesopotamia in the
century, and they ruled this territory through , or viceroys
of the Great Khan of China.
b. Ibn al-Athir describes the invaders of Muslim lands
as a dire calamity.
c. A grandson of Genghis, , conquered territory
stretching to the Mediterranean, but was slowed by rivalry with
Berke, khan of the Golden Horde. Partly due to the influence of
his wife and other and Buddhists, his forces spared the
Christians of conquered lands.
6. Timurid and Turkoman Civilizations
a. Between 1379 and 1402, led nomadic
steppe peoples in conquest and destruction of large portions of
the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Eastern Europe,
northern India, and Anatolia.

4. b. The first Timurid capital at was the site of many
elegant construction projects.
c. The fourth son of Timur, , ruled a united Iran and
sponsored arts, religion, and economic development.
d. The Empire shared control of Iran with the
Timurids, another Sunni dynasty.
7. Olmec Civilization
a. The Olmec civilization thrived in the southern portion of
what is now .
b. Archaeological evidence of Olmec goods in many parts of
Mesoamerica, along with the use of jade and obsidian, are
evidence of early .
c. The first major Olmec center was ; as it declined,
grew in importance.
8. Mayan Civilization
a. The Mayan civilization developed in the rain forests of the
Peninsula.
b. Mayan civilization was composed of multiple that
competed with one another for dominance.
c. The dynasty ruled Tikal for centuries before it
declined and , a city far to the north, rose to
prominence in the ninth century.
9. Teotihuacán Civilization
a. Teotihuacán, located a short distance northeast of modern
, was a major city-state for several centuries.
b. Teotihuacán’s economy and urban society thrived due to
quarrying, manufacture, trade, and intensive agriculture made
possible by .

5. c. The power of Teotihuacán’s civilization declined between the
sixth and eighth centuries because of .
10. Toltec Civilization
a. Tula, the Toltec capital, was near a(n) quarry and
the edge of Mesoamerica.
b. Toltec civilization flourished in the century and
century before quickly declining.
c. The Toltec king fled from Tula to
.
11. Aztec Civilization
a. The Aztec capital, on Lake in the Valley of
, was home to hundreds of thousands of people at its height.
b. Aztec wealth was based on taking goods from
.
c. After conquering another group, Aztecs would take prisoners
for and entrust the rule of the area to the
.
d. The Aztec civilization was ended by
conquistadors and local subject peoples who resented paying
tribute and providing for the Aztecs.
12. Nazca Civilization
a. The Nazca or Nasca civilization thrived in the valleys of
Peru’s coast until about 700 CE.
b. Agriculture enabled by irrigation water from
allowed the Nazca civilization to flourish.
c. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Nazca capital of

6. was used primarily for religious .
13. Moche Civilization
a. The Moche civilization thrived along about miles of the
northern Peruvian coast.
b. Moche civilization was likely divided: a northern realm was
ruled from in the Lambayeque valley, while a southern
realm was ruled from the valley settlements near Cerro
Blanco.
c. Evidence that subject peoples paid tribute to the Moche lords
through their labor are the marks on the bricks that make up
, the largest adobe structure in the Americas.
14. Inca Civilization
a. Inca emperors ruled one of the world’s largest states, called ,
which was home to millions of people.
b. Inca rulers expanded and ruled their empire through
taxation, alliances, providing lavish entertainments, and
employing people in state service.
c. According to Inca tradition, Inca Yupanqui defended
against a rebellion by the Chanca people, founded the empire,
and took the name .
d. The Inca Empire fell to conquistadors led by
.
Part II: Cultural Contributions
Complete the following matrix with at least one element for
each category.
Civilization
Intellectual Contributions
Artistic Forms or Contributions
Architecture

7. Religious Beliefs
Traditions
Andalusian
Fatimid
Saljug
Mongol and Ilkhanid
Timurid or Turkoman
Olmec

8. Mayan
Teotihuacán
Toltec
Aztec
Nazca
Moche

9. Inca
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