Foundation of Information Systems in Business Aamir Gill
What is an information system?
Role of information system in Business!
Types of Information Systems
Operation Support Systems
Examples of Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Operational & Managerial IS
IS Classifications by Scope
Measures of Success
What is a System?
System Components
Cybernetic Systems
A Business System
Information System Resources
Data vs. Information
Network Resources
Information Systems Activities
Recognizing Information Systems
Foundation of Information Systems in Business Aamir Gill
What is an information system?
Role of information system in Business!
Types of Information Systems
Operation Support Systems
Examples of Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Operational & Managerial IS
IS Classifications by Scope
Measures of Success
What is a System?
System Components
Cybernetic Systems
A Business System
Information System Resources
Data vs. Information
Network Resources
Information Systems Activities
Recognizing Information Systems
Types, Importance, impact of Information systems
Data
Data vs Information
MIS
Importance of MIS
Impact of MIS
Need of MIS
Outputs of MIS
Business objectives of Information systems
With the rapid increase in performance of computers over the last few years it is unlikely that any business will survive without some means of computerised data processing in the future.
It is therefore very important that any person planning and involved in any career in today’s commercial environment is provided with a basic understanding of computer technology and the theory of Management Information System (MIS).
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
Management information system (MIS) refers to the processing of information through computers to manage and support managerial decisions within an organization. The concept may include systems termed transaction processing system, decision support system, expert system, or executive information system. The term is often used in the academic study of businesses and has connections with other areas, such as information systems, information technology, informatics, e-commerce and computer science; as a result, the term is used interchangeably with some of these areas.
Management information systems (plural) as an academic discipline studies people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them.This definition relates specifically to "MIS" as a course of study in business schools. Many business schools (or colleges of business administration within universities) have an MIS department, alongside departments of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and may award degrees (at the undergraduate, master, and doctoral levels) in Management Information Systems.
MIS professionals help organizations to maximize the benefit from investments in personnel, equipment, and business processes.There are different areas of concentration with different duties and responsibilities in information system managers starting from the Chief information officer (CIOs), Chief technology officer (CTOs), IT directors and IT security managers. Chief information officers (CIOs) are responsible for the overall technology strategy of their organizations. Basically, they are more of the decision makers and action takers when it comes down to determining the technology or information goals of an organization and making sure the necessary planning to implement those goals is being met.
Chief technology officers (CTOs) are responsible for evaluating how new technology can help their organization. They usually recommend technological solutions to support the policies issued by the CIO.[2]
IT directors including MIS directors are in charge of both their organization's Information technology departments and the supervision of thereof. They are also in charge of implementing the policies chosen by the other top branches (CIOs, CTOs). It is their role to ensure the availability of data and network services by coordinating IT activities.
IT Security Managers oversee the network and security data as the title implies. They develop programs to offer information and awareness to their employees about security threats. This team is very important because they must keep up-to-date on IT security measures in order to be successful within their organization. Any security violations need to be investigated and supervised by this specific team.
Types, Importance, impact of Information systems
Data
Data vs Information
MIS
Importance of MIS
Impact of MIS
Need of MIS
Outputs of MIS
Business objectives of Information systems
With the rapid increase in performance of computers over the last few years it is unlikely that any business will survive without some means of computerised data processing in the future.
It is therefore very important that any person planning and involved in any career in today’s commercial environment is provided with a basic understanding of computer technology and the theory of Management Information System (MIS).
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
Management information system (MIS) refers to the processing of information through computers to manage and support managerial decisions within an organization. The concept may include systems termed transaction processing system, decision support system, expert system, or executive information system. The term is often used in the academic study of businesses and has connections with other areas, such as information systems, information technology, informatics, e-commerce and computer science; as a result, the term is used interchangeably with some of these areas.
Management information systems (plural) as an academic discipline studies people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them.This definition relates specifically to "MIS" as a course of study in business schools. Many business schools (or colleges of business administration within universities) have an MIS department, alongside departments of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and may award degrees (at the undergraduate, master, and doctoral levels) in Management Information Systems.
MIS professionals help organizations to maximize the benefit from investments in personnel, equipment, and business processes.There are different areas of concentration with different duties and responsibilities in information system managers starting from the Chief information officer (CIOs), Chief technology officer (CTOs), IT directors and IT security managers. Chief information officers (CIOs) are responsible for the overall technology strategy of their organizations. Basically, they are more of the decision makers and action takers when it comes down to determining the technology or information goals of an organization and making sure the necessary planning to implement those goals is being met.
Chief technology officers (CTOs) are responsible for evaluating how new technology can help their organization. They usually recommend technological solutions to support the policies issued by the CIO.[2]
IT directors including MIS directors are in charge of both their organization's Information technology departments and the supervision of thereof. They are also in charge of implementing the policies chosen by the other top branches (CIOs, CTOs). It is their role to ensure the availability of data and network services by coordinating IT activities.
IT Security Managers oversee the network and security data as the title implies. They develop programs to offer information and awareness to their employees about security threats. This team is very important because they must keep up-to-date on IT security measures in order to be successful within their organization. Any security violations need to be investigated and supervised by this specific team.
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2. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives
The value of information is directly linked to howThe value of information is directly linked to how
it helps decision makers achieve theit helps decision makers achieve the
organization’s goals.organization’s goals.
– Distinguish data from information and describe theDistinguish data from information and describe the
characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.
3. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives
Models, computers, and information systems areModels, computers, and information systems are
constantly making it possible for organizations toconstantly making it possible for organizations to
improve the way they conduct business.improve the way they conduct business.
– Name the components of an information system andName the components of an information system and
describe several system characteristics.describe several system characteristics.
– Identify four basic types of models and explain howIdentify four basic types of models and explain how
they are used.they are used.
4. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives
System users, business managers, andSystem users, business managers, and
information systems professionals must workinformation systems professionals must work
together to build a successful informationtogether to build a successful information
system.system.
– Identify the major steps of the systems developmentIdentify the major steps of the systems development
process and state the goal of each.process and state the goal of each.
– Discuss why it is important to study and understandDiscuss why it is important to study and understand
information systems.information systems.
5. Information Systems Management (ISM) is theInformation Systems Management (ISM) is the
application of information technology to supportapplication of information technology to support
the major functions and activities of either a privatethe major functions and activities of either a private
sector business or public sector institution.sector business or public sector institution.
6. ISM supports the process of collection,ISM supports the process of collection,
manipulation, storage, distribution andmanipulation, storage, distribution and
utilization of an organization's informationutilization of an organization's information
resources.resources.
8. SystemSystem
A set of elements or components that interact toA set of elements or components that interact to
accomplish goalsaccomplish goals
InputInput
Processing mechanismProcessing mechanism
FeedbackFeedback
OutputOutput
System boundarySystem boundary
10. What Is An InformationWhat Is An Information
System?System?
11. A set of interrelated components that collectA set of interrelated components that collect
(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making andinformation to support decision making and
control in an organizationcontrol in an organization
What Is an Information System?What Is an Information System?
12. Information SystemInformation System
A set of interrelated components that collect,A set of interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, and disseminate data andmanipulate, and disseminate data and
information, and provide feedback to meet aninformation, and provide feedback to meet an
objectiveobjective
Examples:Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,ATMs, airline reservation systems,
course reservation systemscourse reservation systems
13. Components of an InformationComponents of an Information
SystemSystem
14. Data vs. InformationData vs. Information
Data:Data: raw factsraw facts
Information:Information: collection of facts organized incollection of facts organized in
such a way that they have value beyond thesuch a way that they have value beyond the
facts themselvesfacts themselves
21. Modeling a SystemModeling a System
A model is an abstraction/approximationA model is an abstraction/approximation
that is used to represent realitythat is used to represent reality
– 4 major types of models4 major types of models
A narrative model is based on wordsA narrative model is based on words
– Logical, not physicalLogical, not physical
A physical model is tangibleA physical model is tangible
A schematic model is a graphic representationA schematic model is a graphic representation
– Graphs and chartsGraphs and charts
A mathematical model is an arithmeticA mathematical model is an arithmetic
representationrepresentation
24. System Performance and StandardsSystem Performance and Standards
Efficiency: output/inputEfficiency: output/input
Effectiveness: extent to which system attains itsEffectiveness: extent to which system attains its
goalsgoals
Performance standard: specific objective of aPerformance standard: specific objective of a
systemsystem
26. System Variables and ParametersSystem Variables and Parameters
System variableSystem variable - item controlled by decision-- item controlled by decision-
makermaker
System parameterSystem parameter - value that cannot be- value that cannot be
controlledcontrolled
31. Business Information SystemsBusiness Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS)Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS)
Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS)Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS)
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)
Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Group Support Systems (GSS) / Group Decision SupportGroup Support Systems (GSS) / Group Decision Support
Systems (GDSS)Systems (GDSS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS) / ExecutiveExecutive Support Systems (ESS) / Executive
Information Systems (EIS)Information Systems (EIS)
Virtual Reality Systems (VRS)Virtual Reality Systems (VRS)
Expert Systems (ES) / Artificial Intelligence (AI)Expert Systems (ES) / Artificial Intelligence (AI)
32. E-CommerceE-Commerce
Business-to-business (B to B)Business-to-business (B to B)
Business-to-consumer (B to C)Business-to-consumer (B to C)
Business-to-government (B to G)Business-to-government (B to G)
Government-to-consumer (G to C)Government-to-consumer (G to C)
Consumer-to-Government (C to G)Consumer-to-Government (C to G)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C to C)Consumer-to-Consumer (C to C)
34. Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing Systems
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organizedA transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized
collection of people, procedures, software, databases,collection of people, procedures, software, databases,
and devices used to record completed businessand devices used to record completed business
transactions.transactions.
Process business exchangesProcess business exchanges
Maintain records about the exchangesMaintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasksHandle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculationsPerform simple calculations
35. Workflow SystemsWorkflow Systems
Provide routing, tracking & imagingProvide routing, tracking & imaging
capabilities to improve businesscapabilities to improve business
processesprocesses
Improve productivityImprove productivity
37. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage aIntegrated programs that can manage a
company’s entire set of business operationscompany’s entire set of business operations
Often coordinate planning, inventory control,Often coordinate planning, inventory control,
production, and orderingproduction, and ordering
38. Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
Management information systems provide routineManagement information systems provide routine
information to decision makers to make structured,information to decision makers to make structured,
recurring decisions, such as restocking decisions orrecurring decisions, such as restocking decisions or
bonus awards. Management Information Systems focusbonus awards. Management Information Systems focus
on operational efficiency.on operational efficiency.
The main input to an MIS is data collected and stored byThe main input to an MIS is data collected and stored by
transaction processing systems.transaction processing systems.
39. Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
Routine information for routine decisionsRoutine information for routine decisions
Operational efficiencyOperational efficiency
Use transaction data as main inputUse transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functionalDatabases integrate MIS in different functional
areasareas
42. Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)
DSS- A decision support system is an organizedDSS- A decision support system is an organized
collection of people, procedures, software,collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, and devices used to supportdatabases, and devices used to support
problem-specific decision making.problem-specific decision making.
– Interactive support for non-routine decisions orInteractive support for non-routine decisions or
problemsproblems
– End-users are more involved in creating a DSS thanEnd-users are more involved in creating a DSS than
an MISan MIS
44. Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems
Artificial Intelligence (AI) SystemsArtificial Intelligence (AI) Systems
Virtual Reality SystemsVirtual Reality Systems
Expert SystemsExpert Systems
Other Special-Purpose Business InformationOther Special-Purpose Business Information
Systems e.g. GIS (Geographic InformationSystems e.g. GIS (Geographic Information
SystemsSystems
45. The Major Elements of ArtificialThe Major Elements of Artificial
IntelligenceIntelligence
48. Why Learn About InformationWhy Learn About Information
Systems?Systems?
Advance in your careerAdvance in your career
Solve problemsSolve problems
Realize opportunitiesRealize opportunities
Meet your career goalsMeet your career goals
49. Computer and Information SystemComputer and Information System
LiteracyLiteracy
Computer literacyComputer literacy - knowledge of computer- knowledge of computer
systems and equipmentsystems and equipment
Information system literacyInformation system literacy - knowledge of- knowledge of
how data and information are usedhow data and information are used
50. Information Systems in FunctionalInformation Systems in Functional
Areas of BusinessAreas of Business
Finance and AccountingFinance and Accounting
Sales and MarketingSales and Marketing
ManufacturingManufacturing
51. Information Systems in IndustryInformation Systems in Industry
Investment firmsInvestment firms
BanksBanks
Publishing companiesPublishing companies
Healthcare organizationsHealthcare organizations
Management consulting firmsManagement consulting firms
52. Management ChallengesManagement Challenges
1.1. Design competitive and effective systems.Design competitive and effective systems.
2.2. Understand system requirements of globalUnderstand system requirements of global
business environment.business environment.
3.3. Create information architecture that supportsCreate information architecture that supports
organization’s goal.organization’s goal.
53. Management Challenges
4.4. Determine business value of informationDetermine business value of information
systems.systems.
5.5. Design systems people can control,Design systems people can control,
understand and use in a socially, ethicallyunderstand and use in a socially, ethically
responsible manner.responsible manner.
54. Four powerful worldwide changes that have
altered the business environment:
1.1. GlobalizationGlobalization
2.2. Rise of the Information EconomyRise of the Information Economy
3.3. Transformation of the Business EnterpriseTransformation of the Business Enterprise
4.4. Emergence of the Digital FirmEmergence of the Digital Firm
55. Positive Impacts of Information SystemsPositive Impacts of Information Systems
Faster calculations and paperworkFaster calculations and paperwork
Analysis of customer purchase patterns andAnalysis of customer purchase patterns and
preferencespreferences
More efficient business servicesMore efficient business services
Medical advancesMedical advances
Instant global distribution of informationInstant global distribution of information
56. Negative Impacts of Information SystemsNegative Impacts of Information Systems
Automation leading to job eliminationAutomation leading to job elimination
Privacy concernsPrivacy concerns
System outages and shutdownsSystem outages and shutdowns
Health problems, repetitive stress injuryHealth problems, repetitive stress injury
Illegal distribution of intellectual propertyIllegal distribution of intellectual property
57. SummarySummary
DataData - raw facts- raw facts
InformationInformation - data transformed into a- data transformed into a
meaningful formmeaningful form
SystemSystem - set of elements that interact to- set of elements that interact to
accomplish a goalaccomplish a goal
Systems developmentSystems development - creating or modifying- creating or modifying
existing business systemsexisting business systems
Editor's Notes
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Information Systems
This chapter presents basic concepts necessary to understand systems and business information systems.
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After completing Chapter 1, you should be able to accomplish the objectives on this slide and the following slide.
Information is key in business organizations. The value of information is closely related to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.
Models, computers and information system help make it possible for organizations to improve
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Information itself has value. Computer-based information systems are used to create, store, process and distribute information.
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An information systems is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate & disseminate information & provide feedback to meet an objective. When we discuss computer-based information systems, we use the terms input, process and output instead of collect, manipulate and disseminate.
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The terms data & information are often used interchangeably. However, there is an important distinction: information is value-added data. Data is processed, organized or transformed to become information.
Data are raw facts. For example, if you write down your age & grade on an English test & hand it to me, I see 2 numbers – raw data. However, if you include the average age and average test score for your class, the data would have some meaning to me as a teacher… it would become information. Interestingly, your name and grade – data to me- could very well be information to you. In the context of your life or experiences, those 2 numbers alone would most likely have meaning.
Similarly, a grocery store manager would most likely find a list of every item sold today to be of little use – it is data. However, the amount that the store’s total sales are over or under planned sales would be information.
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A system is a set of components that work together to accomplish specific goals. Since systems are complex, models of them are often built to help people understand, improve or design systems.
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A computer-based information system is an information system that uses computer technology to perform input, processing & output activities.
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The most common organizational business information systems are: electronic commerce systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. Some firms also use artificial intelligence systems, virtual reality systems or geographic information systems.
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Workflow systems are rule-based programs that coordinate and monitor the performance of a set of interrelated tasks in a business process. For instance, FedEx offers customers workflow systems that facilitate handling returned goods.
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Management information systems provide routine information to decision makers to make structured, recurring decisions, such as restocking decisions or bonus awards. Management Information Systems focus on operational efficiency.
The main input to an MIS is data collected and stored by transaction processing systems. An MIS further processes transaction data to produce information useful for specific purposes.
