This document discusses worldwide trade in several medicinal plants, including Diosgenin extracted from yams, Cinchona bark which is a source of quinine, Taxol from yew trees used for cancer treatment, and Digitalis from foxgloves. It notes that worldwide trade in herbal medicines was estimated at $62 billion in 2012, with the US as a major importer. The document provides production and trade statistics for several plant-derived compounds. It also outlines the major trading centers and exporting countries for medicinal plants.
The document contains information about the scientific name, common name, location, collector, identification, and ethnobotanical uses of several unidentified plant specimens collected on unspecified dates. No other notable details are provided.
The document splits plants into 5 main groups: flowering plants, conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae. Flowering plants have flowers and seeds, conifers have needle-shaped leaves and make seeds on cones, ferns have no flowers or cones and make spores, mosses live in moist shady places and make spores, and algae all live in water and have no roots, leaves, or stems.
This document provides information on 10 poisonous plants from around the world and 5 poisonous plants found in Pakistan. It discusses the scientific name, common name, distribution, morphology, toxic chemicals and mechanisms of poisoning for each plant. The plants covered include black cherry, hemlock, belladonna, monkshood, white snakeroot and others. Reasons for plant toxicity and some potential medicinal uses are also mentioned.
The term “medicinal plant” include various types of plants used in herbalism ("herbology" or "herbal medicine"). It is the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such uses.
The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French word “herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual activities.
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before prehistoric period. Ancient Unani manuscripts Egyptian papyrus and Chinese writings described the use of herbs. Evidence exist that Unani Hakims, Indian Vaids and European and Mediterranean cultures were using herbs for over 4000 years as medicine. Indigenous cultures such as Rome, Egypt, Iran, Africa and America used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine in which herbal therapies were used systematically.
This document discusses various methods used for isolation and purification of natural products, including chromatographic techniques and physical methods. It provides details on different types of chromatography such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and gas chromatography. It explains the basic principles and processes of thin layer chromatography, including preparing the chromatography chamber and plates, developing the plates, visualizing and interpreting results. Column chromatography is also summarized. Other physical separation techniques discussed include fractional crystallization and distillation.
This document discusses worldwide trade in several medicinal plants, including Diosgenin extracted from yams, Cinchona bark which is a source of quinine, Taxol from yew trees used for cancer treatment, and Digitalis from foxgloves. It notes that worldwide trade in herbal medicines was estimated at $62 billion in 2012, with the US as a major importer. The document provides production and trade statistics for several plant-derived compounds. It also outlines the major trading centers and exporting countries for medicinal plants.
The document contains information about the scientific name, common name, location, collector, identification, and ethnobotanical uses of several unidentified plant specimens collected on unspecified dates. No other notable details are provided.
The document splits plants into 5 main groups: flowering plants, conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae. Flowering plants have flowers and seeds, conifers have needle-shaped leaves and make seeds on cones, ferns have no flowers or cones and make spores, mosses live in moist shady places and make spores, and algae all live in water and have no roots, leaves, or stems.
This document provides information on 10 poisonous plants from around the world and 5 poisonous plants found in Pakistan. It discusses the scientific name, common name, distribution, morphology, toxic chemicals and mechanisms of poisoning for each plant. The plants covered include black cherry, hemlock, belladonna, monkshood, white snakeroot and others. Reasons for plant toxicity and some potential medicinal uses are also mentioned.
The term “medicinal plant” include various types of plants used in herbalism ("herbology" or "herbal medicine"). It is the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such uses.
The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French word “herbe”. Now a days, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual activities.
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before prehistoric period. Ancient Unani manuscripts Egyptian papyrus and Chinese writings described the use of herbs. Evidence exist that Unani Hakims, Indian Vaids and European and Mediterranean cultures were using herbs for over 4000 years as medicine. Indigenous cultures such as Rome, Egypt, Iran, Africa and America used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine in which herbal therapies were used systematically.
This document discusses various methods used for isolation and purification of natural products, including chromatographic techniques and physical methods. It provides details on different types of chromatography such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and gas chromatography. It explains the basic principles and processes of thin layer chromatography, including preparing the chromatography chamber and plates, developing the plates, visualizing and interpreting results. Column chromatography is also summarized. Other physical separation techniques discussed include fractional crystallization and distillation.
The document discusses various in situ conservation methods for medicinal plants, including biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, sacred groves, reserved and protected forests, and wetlands. It defines each method and provides examples of areas in India that utilize each approach. In situ conservation aims to protect medicinal plants within their natural habitats to maintain genetic diversity while allowing sustainable use of resources. Methods engage local communities and consider ecological, social, and economic factors.
This document describes the characteristics of ipecac root and powder. It details that ipecac comes from two species of plants and contains isoquinoline alkaloids including emetine. The Brazilian variety contains more emetine and is preferred for its expectorant effects over the Cartagena variety. The powder is grayish-brown and contains starch granules, cork, and calcium oxalate raphides. Ipecac is used to induce vomiting in acute poisoning and as an expectorant in coughs.
Hallucinogens are natural or synthetic substances that alter consciousness and cause hallucinations. Some hallucinogens have medical uses but must be administered carefully. The document describes several hallucinogenic plants - belladonna, betel nut, donana, henbane, datura, and cannabis. It provides details on their chemical constituents and traditional medical uses as sedatives, analgesics, or treatments for conditions like asthma.
This document discusses the medicinal properties and uses of tulsi (holy basil). It notes that tulsi has been used in Indian medicine since ancient times. The document describes where tulsi grows, its botanical name, and common names. It provides details on consuming tulsi as leaves, powder, or infusion/decoction. The text outlines tulsi's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, fever-reducing, digestive-improving properties. It also lists specific ailments that tulsi can help with, such as cough, blood sugar, immunity, stress, and more. The document emphasizes that tulsi has many uses and is a gift from nature.
Ethnobotany introduction, ethnobotany definition, divisions of ethnobotany, Tribes of south india, Methodology in ethnobotany , ethnobotany in human welfare
This document summarizes four plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Aconitum, Hydrastis, Delphinium, and Anemone.
Aconitum, also known as Monkshood or Aconite root, contains toxic alkaloids including aconitine. It grows in mountains and is used as a local analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic in small doses, but can be fatal in higher amounts. Hydrastis canadensis or Golden seal contains alkaloids like berberine and hydrastine and is used as an astringent. Delphinium contains alkaloid toxins and is used as a parasiticidal and treatment
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification OP VERMA
Alkaloids are major secondary metabolites reported in higher plants. In this PPT I have covered Introduction, Property, Clarification and identification tests.
Aromatic plants possess odorous volatile substances which occur as essential oil, gum exudate, balsam and oleoresin in one or more parts, namely, root, wood, bark, stem, foliage, flower seed and fruit. The characteristic aroma is due to a variety of complex chemical compounds. The term essential oil is similar to fragrance or perfumes because these fragrances are oily in nature and they represent the essence or the active constituents of the plants. Essential oils and aroma chemicals constitute a major group of industrial products. These plant materials continue to play positive roles in human life, as sources of modern pharmaceuticals to treat medical problems, as herbs and spices to tempt the palate, and in a multitude of other applications. Demand and trade for these plant materials initiated globalization that spread new ideas and new settlements along with native resentment.
See more
https://goo.gl/SdXtuC
https://goo.gl/7jlQAF
https://goo.gl/GqCSBU
Contact us
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Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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Aromatic plants Based Profitable Projects, Aromatic plants Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Aromatic plants Business, Aromatic plants cultivation India, Aromatic plants cultivation processing and uses, Aromatic Plants Cultivation, Aromatic plants farming, Aromatic Plants Processing and Uses, Aromatic plants Processing Industry in India, Aromatic plants Processing Projects, Aromatic Plants Uses and Functions, Aromatic plants uses, Aromatic plants, Aromatics plantation, Aromatics Plantations Consultant Service, Cultivated aromatic plants, Cultivation of aromatic crops, Cultivation of aromatic plants, Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in India, Most Profitable Aromatic plants cultivation Business Ideas, Multiple Uses of Aromatic Plants, Names of aromatic plants, New small scale ideas in Aromatic plants processing industry, Processing of Aromatic Plants, Profitable Aromatic plants, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Setting up and opening your Aromatic plants Business, Small Scale Aromatic plants Processing Projects, Small scale Aromatic plants production line, Start Aromatic Plants cultivation, Starting a Herb Business, Starting Aromatic plants Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Aromatic plants cultivation and uses, Startup ideas, Startup Project for Aromatic plants cultivation and uses, Steam distillation procedure, How Are Essential Oils Extracted?, How to extract oil from plants?, How to start a successful Aromatic plants business, How to Start Aromatic plants cultivation Industry in India, How to Start Aromatic plants farm?, How to Start Aromatic plants Production Business, Indian aromatic plant, List of aromatic plants and their uses
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of MedicineSHIVANEE VYAS
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
This document provides an overview of alkaloids, including their definition, classification, properties, extraction, and pharmacological activity. It discusses various classes of alkaloids derived from different amino acids, such as tropane alkaloids from ornithine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, quinolizidine alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids from papaver somniferum, indole alkaloids like those in rauwolfia serpentina, and purine alkaloids including caffeine. The document also examines specific alkaloid-containing plants, the alkaloids they contain, and their traditional uses.
The document discusses the Datura plant, which belongs to the Solanaceae family. It grows in warmer parts of the world and contains alkaloids like hyoscine, hyoscyamine, and atropine. In small doses, it has medicinal uses, but in large doses it is poisonous. The document describes the physical effects of Datura poisoning and provides methods to identify fragments of Datura seeds from vomit or stomach samples using microscopic examination, chemical tests like the Vitali test, and chromatography techniques like paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.Dr. Amsavel A
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Introduction, Some of the medicinal plants & uses, different processes of extraction & purification. Analysis requirement & Analytical technique.
This document provides guidance on identifying plants through a step-by-step process. It begins with basic information on biodiversity and why plant identification is important. The core of identification is recognizing distinguishing characteristics between species. Keys are then introduced as tools that ask a series of questions to lead to a plant's name. Guidelines are offered for properly using keys and making careful observations of specimens. Experience is emphasized as the most useful trait for improving identification skills over time.
- Ethnobotany is the study of how indigenous communities make use of local plant species, including their traditional knowledge of the surrounding plant diversity and the relationships between societies and the plant world.
- The document provides examples of plant species from the Arabian Peninsula and their traditional medicinal and other uses by local communities, such as using extracts from various plants to treat illnesses, bruises, headaches, and more.
- It also lists some plant species used for non-medicinal purposes, such as construction materials, perfume manufacturing, firewood, and the ecological roles of mangrove species along coastal regions.
This document discusses pesticides, their formulation, and history. It defines pesticides as substances that control unwanted organisms like insects, fungi, and weeds. It then discusses the history of pesticides from natural products like nicotine to modern synthetic pesticides developed in the 1930s-1940s. The rest of the document focuses on describing different types of pesticide formulations including wettable powders, water dispersible granules, suspension concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, ultra low volume formulations, dusts, granules, dry baits, and dry fumigants. Each formulation is designed for a specific purpose and method of application.
This document summarizes information about fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). It states that fennel is a hardy, aromatic herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region but now grown worldwide. India is a top producer of fennel seeds, which are used as a carminative, stimulant, and mouth freshener. The document provides details on fennel cultivation methods, including best climates, soil types, seed sowing and harvesting procedures, and average yields. It also outlines uses of fennel seeds and oil in foods, medicines, and cosmetics.
This presentation describes several medicinal plants commonly found in Pakistan. It provides the scientific name, classification, parts used, and medicinal uses of 14 plants: Papaver somniferum, Cassia fistula, Trigonella foenum-graceum, Carica papaya, Citrullus colocynthis, Azadirachta indica, Cucurma longa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Ricinus communis, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Cannabis sativa, and Zingiber officinale. Some key uses included treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, infections, and diseases like diabetes. The presenter
5. medicinal of high valued their cultivation By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses medicinal plants that are indigenous to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It provides definitions of medicinal plants and discusses their mentions in the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. It then lists several important medicinal plants found in the region, the parts used, and their approximate annual yields. Some key medicinal plants discussed are cinnamon, turmeric, basil, clove, cumin, fennel, mint, oregano, and parsley. The document also covers the importance and uses of medicinal plants, as well as issues related to their cultivation and conservation in Pakistan.
This document discusses integrated pest management strategies for gardening with native plants. It defines what a pest is from a human perspective and explains predator/prey relationships in nature. When non-native plants are grown in monocultures with excessive water and fertilizer, they are more susceptible to pests. The document recommends using native plants adapted to the local environment, planting a variety of species, and implementing cultural practices like proper watering to prevent pest problems. Integrated pest management is presented as a strategy that uses biological, cultural and chemical controls, with the least hazardous methods employed first. Specific pests like aphids, whiteflies and mealybugs that affect native plants are described along with monitoring and control recommendations.
The document discusses various in situ conservation methods for medicinal plants, including biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, sacred groves, reserved and protected forests, and wetlands. It defines each method and provides examples of areas in India that utilize each approach. In situ conservation aims to protect medicinal plants within their natural habitats to maintain genetic diversity while allowing sustainable use of resources. Methods engage local communities and consider ecological, social, and economic factors.
This document describes the characteristics of ipecac root and powder. It details that ipecac comes from two species of plants and contains isoquinoline alkaloids including emetine. The Brazilian variety contains more emetine and is preferred for its expectorant effects over the Cartagena variety. The powder is grayish-brown and contains starch granules, cork, and calcium oxalate raphides. Ipecac is used to induce vomiting in acute poisoning and as an expectorant in coughs.
Hallucinogens are natural or synthetic substances that alter consciousness and cause hallucinations. Some hallucinogens have medical uses but must be administered carefully. The document describes several hallucinogenic plants - belladonna, betel nut, donana, henbane, datura, and cannabis. It provides details on their chemical constituents and traditional medical uses as sedatives, analgesics, or treatments for conditions like asthma.
This document discusses the medicinal properties and uses of tulsi (holy basil). It notes that tulsi has been used in Indian medicine since ancient times. The document describes where tulsi grows, its botanical name, and common names. It provides details on consuming tulsi as leaves, powder, or infusion/decoction. The text outlines tulsi's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, fever-reducing, digestive-improving properties. It also lists specific ailments that tulsi can help with, such as cough, blood sugar, immunity, stress, and more. The document emphasizes that tulsi has many uses and is a gift from nature.
Ethnobotany introduction, ethnobotany definition, divisions of ethnobotany, Tribes of south india, Methodology in ethnobotany , ethnobotany in human welfare
This document summarizes four plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Aconitum, Hydrastis, Delphinium, and Anemone.
Aconitum, also known as Monkshood or Aconite root, contains toxic alkaloids including aconitine. It grows in mountains and is used as a local analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic in small doses, but can be fatal in higher amounts. Hydrastis canadensis or Golden seal contains alkaloids like berberine and hydrastine and is used as an astringent. Delphinium contains alkaloid toxins and is used as a parasiticidal and treatment
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification OP VERMA
Alkaloids are major secondary metabolites reported in higher plants. In this PPT I have covered Introduction, Property, Clarification and identification tests.
Aromatic plants possess odorous volatile substances which occur as essential oil, gum exudate, balsam and oleoresin in one or more parts, namely, root, wood, bark, stem, foliage, flower seed and fruit. The characteristic aroma is due to a variety of complex chemical compounds. The term essential oil is similar to fragrance or perfumes because these fragrances are oily in nature and they represent the essence or the active constituents of the plants. Essential oils and aroma chemicals constitute a major group of industrial products. These plant materials continue to play positive roles in human life, as sources of modern pharmaceuticals to treat medical problems, as herbs and spices to tempt the palate, and in a multitude of other applications. Demand and trade for these plant materials initiated globalization that spread new ideas and new settlements along with native resentment.
See more
https://goo.gl/SdXtuC
https://goo.gl/7jlQAF
https://goo.gl/GqCSBU
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Aromatic plants Based Profitable Projects, Aromatic plants Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Aromatic plants Business, Aromatic plants cultivation India, Aromatic plants cultivation processing and uses, Aromatic Plants Cultivation, Aromatic plants farming, Aromatic Plants Processing and Uses, Aromatic plants Processing Industry in India, Aromatic plants Processing Projects, Aromatic Plants Uses and Functions, Aromatic plants uses, Aromatic plants, Aromatics plantation, Aromatics Plantations Consultant Service, Cultivated aromatic plants, Cultivation of aromatic crops, Cultivation of aromatic plants, Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in India, Most Profitable Aromatic plants cultivation Business Ideas, Multiple Uses of Aromatic Plants, Names of aromatic plants, New small scale ideas in Aromatic plants processing industry, Processing of Aromatic Plants, Profitable Aromatic plants, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Setting up and opening your Aromatic plants Business, Small Scale Aromatic plants Processing Projects, Small scale Aromatic plants production line, Start Aromatic Plants cultivation, Starting a Herb Business, Starting Aromatic plants Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Aromatic plants cultivation and uses, Startup ideas, Startup Project for Aromatic plants cultivation and uses, Steam distillation procedure, How Are Essential Oils Extracted?, How to extract oil from plants?, How to start a successful Aromatic plants business, How to Start Aromatic plants cultivation Industry in India, How to Start Aromatic plants farm?, How to Start Aromatic plants Production Business, Indian aromatic plant, List of aromatic plants and their uses
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of MedicineSHIVANEE VYAS
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
This document provides an overview of alkaloids, including their definition, classification, properties, extraction, and pharmacological activity. It discusses various classes of alkaloids derived from different amino acids, such as tropane alkaloids from ornithine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, quinolizidine alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids from papaver somniferum, indole alkaloids like those in rauwolfia serpentina, and purine alkaloids including caffeine. The document also examines specific alkaloid-containing plants, the alkaloids they contain, and their traditional uses.
The document discusses the Datura plant, which belongs to the Solanaceae family. It grows in warmer parts of the world and contains alkaloids like hyoscine, hyoscyamine, and atropine. In small doses, it has medicinal uses, but in large doses it is poisonous. The document describes the physical effects of Datura poisoning and provides methods to identify fragments of Datura seeds from vomit or stomach samples using microscopic examination, chemical tests like the Vitali test, and chromatography techniques like paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
Drugs from Plants : Extraction, Purification & Analysis.Dr. Amsavel A
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Purification & Analysis.
Introduction, Some of the medicinal plants & uses, different processes of extraction & purification. Analysis requirement & Analytical technique.
This document provides guidance on identifying plants through a step-by-step process. It begins with basic information on biodiversity and why plant identification is important. The core of identification is recognizing distinguishing characteristics between species. Keys are then introduced as tools that ask a series of questions to lead to a plant's name. Guidelines are offered for properly using keys and making careful observations of specimens. Experience is emphasized as the most useful trait for improving identification skills over time.
- Ethnobotany is the study of how indigenous communities make use of local plant species, including their traditional knowledge of the surrounding plant diversity and the relationships between societies and the plant world.
- The document provides examples of plant species from the Arabian Peninsula and their traditional medicinal and other uses by local communities, such as using extracts from various plants to treat illnesses, bruises, headaches, and more.
- It also lists some plant species used for non-medicinal purposes, such as construction materials, perfume manufacturing, firewood, and the ecological roles of mangrove species along coastal regions.
This document discusses pesticides, their formulation, and history. It defines pesticides as substances that control unwanted organisms like insects, fungi, and weeds. It then discusses the history of pesticides from natural products like nicotine to modern synthetic pesticides developed in the 1930s-1940s. The rest of the document focuses on describing different types of pesticide formulations including wettable powders, water dispersible granules, suspension concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, ultra low volume formulations, dusts, granules, dry baits, and dry fumigants. Each formulation is designed for a specific purpose and method of application.
This document summarizes information about fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). It states that fennel is a hardy, aromatic herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region but now grown worldwide. India is a top producer of fennel seeds, which are used as a carminative, stimulant, and mouth freshener. The document provides details on fennel cultivation methods, including best climates, soil types, seed sowing and harvesting procedures, and average yields. It also outlines uses of fennel seeds and oil in foods, medicines, and cosmetics.
This presentation describes several medicinal plants commonly found in Pakistan. It provides the scientific name, classification, parts used, and medicinal uses of 14 plants: Papaver somniferum, Cassia fistula, Trigonella foenum-graceum, Carica papaya, Citrullus colocynthis, Azadirachta indica, Cucurma longa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Ricinus communis, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Cannabis sativa, and Zingiber officinale. Some key uses included treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, infections, and diseases like diabetes. The presenter
5. medicinal of high valued their cultivation By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document discusses medicinal plants that are indigenous to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It provides definitions of medicinal plants and discusses their mentions in the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. It then lists several important medicinal plants found in the region, the parts used, and their approximate annual yields. Some key medicinal plants discussed are cinnamon, turmeric, basil, clove, cumin, fennel, mint, oregano, and parsley. The document also covers the importance and uses of medicinal plants, as well as issues related to their cultivation and conservation in Pakistan.
This document discusses integrated pest management strategies for gardening with native plants. It defines what a pest is from a human perspective and explains predator/prey relationships in nature. When non-native plants are grown in monocultures with excessive water and fertilizer, they are more susceptible to pests. The document recommends using native plants adapted to the local environment, planting a variety of species, and implementing cultural practices like proper watering to prevent pest problems. Integrated pest management is presented as a strategy that uses biological, cultural and chemical controls, with the least hazardous methods employed first. Specific pests like aphids, whiteflies and mealybugs that affect native plants are described along with monitoring and control recommendations.
1) The document discusses promoting pollinators and gardening with native plants. It notes that over 80% of crop plants depend on pollination.
2) Pollinators like bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds are at risk due to factors like habitat loss and pesticide use. This threatens both ecosystems and food production.
3) The document recommends gardening with native plants that provide food for pollinators, leaving areas for their reproduction, and limiting pesticide use to protect pollinators.
The document discusses integrated pest management strategies for controlling weeds in gardens. It emphasizes using preventive cultural practices and mechanical or physical controls before resorting to biological or chemical controls. Monitoring weeds and properly identifying them is key to developing an effective long-term weed management plan tailored to each unique garden environment. Simple preventive practices like cleaning equipment, using weed-free soil amendments, and promoting healthy desired plants can help avoid weed problems.
This document discusses using California native perennial plants in gardens. It notes that perennials are plants that live more than two years and have soft above-ground foliage that dies back during dormant periods. The document distinguishes between herbaceous perennials and sub-shrubs, noting sub-shrubs are partially woody. When growing herbaceous perennials native to other regions in local Southern California gardens, the plants may not go dormant as expected since the drought or cold conditions that induce dormancy are absent. The document suggests native perennials could enhance maturing gardens but notes inspiration from other regions may not match the "New California Gardens" style.
The document discusses planning and creating pollinator gardens to support native pollinators. It provides information on different types of pollinators and their importance in ecosystems and agriculture. It outlines best practices for pollinator gardens, including planting native plants that provide food and habitat throughout the seasons. Specific plant recommendations are made, including California buckwheat. The document also describes how a small, urban garden was designed as a pollinator haven, using trees, shrubs and vertical space creatively. Toyon is highlighted for its pollinator value and adaptability to different garden uses.
The document discusses fly pollinators and other beneficial insects in gardens and the wild. It notes colony collapse disorder as a wake up call about our food supply and loss of pollinators. The document then discusses flies, noting there are over 150,000 named fly species, accounting for 1 in 10 species globally. Many fly species benefit the environment. It provides some insect species numbers and discusses the diversity and evolution of fly families.
This document discusses planning and designing gardens to attract and support pollinators. It explains that pollinators play a key role in ecosystems and agriculture, but many species are at risk. The document provides guidance on choosing plant species that provide pollen and nectar sources. Native plants that attract pollinators include California buckwheat and sage. Even small urban gardens can be made more pollinator-friendly by including flowering trees, shrubs, vines and climbers to provide resources throughout the seasons.
This document discusses an event called the Invasive Species Action Week held in California to raise awareness about invasive species and encourage public participation in preventing their spread. It defines invasive species as plants or animals not native to an area that can spread rapidly and negatively impact the local ecosystem. The document provides examples of invasive plants in California and how they are spread. It emphasizes that prevention is the most effective strategy for managing invasive species and provides over a dozen actions individuals can take to help prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species.
This document discusses several myths about gardening with California native plants. It addresses myths such as native plants being invasive weeds, attracting undesirable insects or being dangerous. For each myth, it explores where the myth may have originated and provides the reality based on sustainable gardening in Southern California. It notes that while some natives spread or attract insects, this is natural and many support beneficial wildlife. Site conditions are important in plant selection rather than assuming natives need no care.
The document provides information about Dudleyas, a genus of succulent plants native to western North America. It discusses several key points:
- Dudleyas are well-adapted to hot, dry climates through their use of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, which allows them to uptake carbon dioxide at night.
- There are over 40 Dudleya species, ranging from small groundcovers to larger "diva" plants with showy flowers. Several species that make good garden plants are highlighted.
- Dudleyas require very little summer watering once established due to their CAM physiology and native habitat. Overwatering can cause root rot.
- The document provides tips on planting
This document provides an overview of key botanic concepts for Southern California gardeners. It discusses plant taxonomy and scientific naming, describing plant anatomy and morphology. Specific topics covered include plant life stages, pollination, inflorescence types, and the pollinators of Hollyleaf redberry. Examples are given of scientific names and terminology for better identifying and understanding local native plants.
The document describes the progression of a native garden called Mother Nature's Montrose Garden over several years from 2018-2022. It started with establishing native plants like a hedgerow in 2019. In subsequent years, more native shrubs, perennials and vegetables were planted, along with gravel paths. By 2022, the hedgerow had filled in and bare spots were left for ground-nesting animals, providing food and habitat for local wildlife.
The garden is a showcase of plants that thrive during different seasons of the year. In spring, tulips and daffodils bloom while summer brings tomatoes, peppers and flowers like zinnias and marigolds. The garden allows visitors to observe how the landscape changes throughout the year as different flowers, vegetables and trees transition between seasons.
Lance-leaf Coreopsis is a herbaceous perennial wildflower native to eastern North America and the Midwest. It has bright green, lacy foliage and produces numerous flat yellow ray and disc flowers from May through the warm season. It is drought tolerant and attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies. Lance-leaf Coreopsis is often used in mixed flower beds, prairie plantings, and near paths or vegetable gardens where it provides cover and food for birds. It requires full sun to part shade and any well-drained soil in water zones 2-3.
Sulfur-flowered buckwheat is a perennial sub-shrub native to western North America. It has rounded evergreen leaves and produces bright sulfur yellow flowers from late spring to summer that attract pollinators. It is drought tolerant and well-suited for hot, dry conditions in gardens, making it a sensible substitute for non-native water-wise plants. As a habitat plant, it provides food and cover for birds and small animals. Sulfur-flowered buckwheat requires full sun, rocky soil, very occasional water, and little other maintenance once established.
Redosier dogwood is a native shrub that grows well along streams, lakes, and forest openings throughout much of northern North America. It has upright stems, oval green leaves that turn yellow to purple in fall, and attractive red bark on young stems. Small white or cream flowers in late spring attract pollinators and produce small blue or white fruits that persist through winter providing food for birds. Redosier dogwood is often used for its winter color and fruit, and makes a good choice for hedges, wildlife habitat, or areas needing moisture tolerance like pond edges. It requires full sun to part shade and tolerates a variety of soil and water conditions with little other maintenance needed.
This document discusses the seasonal characteristics of the plant Krascheninnikovia lanata, noting that it flowers in winter, produces seeds in summer as a summer plant, grows new leaves, and its fall foliage and seeds are also mentioned, with a late fall mention of it being seen alongside Purple Coneflower.
Winterfat is a perennial sub-shrub native to western North America that grows from 1-3 feet tall. It has small, narrow gray-green leaves with wooly hairs that provide foliage year-round and turn gold in color. Small wind-pollinated flowers bloom late spring through summer. Winterfat is drought tolerant and can grow in a variety of soils and elevations from 1000-9000 feet. It requires full sun and little water once established. Winterfat provides excellent habitat for birds and winter browse for animals.
Bouteloua gracilis, commonly known as blue grama, is a warm season perennial grass native to North America. A cultivar of blue grama called 'Blond Ambition' was developed to have attractive blond-colored flowers and foliage throughout the growing season, making it a showier selection for ornamental grass gardens and drought-tolerant landscaping. 'Blond Ambition' remains a low-growing grass reaching only 6-12 inches in height.
Blue grama is a native perennial grass found throughout western North America. It grows 1-2 feet tall and wide, forming individual bunches or a turf-like sod. The fine-textured green leaves fade to tan during summer drought but green up again with rain. From May to August it produces red-purple flowers that form into seed-heads resembling tiny brushes. Blue grama can be used as an ornamental grass, in meadows, rock gardens, or as a low-maintenance native turf grass. It provides habitat and food for birds and butterflies.
This document discusses three cultivars of Philadelphus lewisii, or mock orange, that were planted and observed for one year in Montrose, Colorado. The cultivars discussed are 'Blizzard', which was planted and observed for one year, and 'Cheyenne', which was also planted and observed for one year.
This document discusses water zone (hydro-zone) gardening, which involves grouping plants together based on their water needs. This allows a gardener to save water by reducing irrigation in some areas while providing each plant with the water it requires. The document outlines four water zones based on annual precipitation: zone 1 for little to no irrigation (<10 inches/year), zone 2 for infrequent water (10-20 inches/year), zone 3 for occasional water (20-30 inches/year), and zone 4 for regular water (>30 inches/year). It provides examples of plant types and suitable irrigation methods for each zone. The document encourages gardeners to analyze their yard conditions and existing plant water needs to determine the best layout of
The document provides tips for planting native plants successfully. It recommends moistening the soil before planting. It also suggests digging a hole slightly wider than the plant's pot and not amending the soil. The tips include gently removing the plant from the pot, loosening its roots, ensuring the potting soil is level with the ground, firmly filling in the hole with soil, and watering in the new plant.
Epilobium canum is a species of flowering plant known as Hummingbird Trumpet. It is a perennial herb native to western North America that grows upright stems up to 3 feet tall. The plant produces tubular red flowers in summer that attract hummingbirds and other pollinators.
Chocolate flower is a perennial herb native to parts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. It grows 1-2 feet tall and wide, with gray-green leaves and sunflower-like yellow flowers that open during cool parts of the day, emitting a scent of dark chocolate. It is drought tolerant, requiring full sun and well-drained soil, and attracts pollinators like hummingbirds. It makes a good choice for hot, dry gardens as a border plant, in rock gardens, or to attract wildlife.
Mentha arvensis, commonly known as wild mint or field mint, is a species of mint that grows wild in fields and other grassy areas in much of Europe, Asia, North America, and North Africa. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from a creeping rhizome system and produces pink or white flowers and aromatic leaves that have a minty scent similar to cultivated mint varieties. The leaves and flowering tops are sometimes used fresh or dried as a culinary herb to flavor foods and beverages.
Wild mint is a perennial herb that spreads via rhizomes to form large colonies. It has bright green, crinkled leaves with a strong mint scent and tiny white to pink bell-shaped flowers. Wild mint grows well in moist areas at higher elevations and spreads easily, so it is best grown in containers. It can be used to make tea or flavor cooking and repels insects. Bees and butterflies are attracted to its nectar and it provides good habitat for birds. Wild mint requires full sun, tolerates a range of soil pH, and regular watering.
Golden currant is a shrub in the gooseberry family that produces yellow flowers in early spring followed by small red berries. It grows 3 to 5 feet tall and prefers partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. Golden currant provides early nectar for pollinators and its fall foliage color ranges from yellow to orange.
Silver buffaloberry is a shrub native to western North America. It produces edible berries and its leaves are used medicinally by some Native American tribes. The document provides a one sentence description of the plant Shepherdia argentea and indicates it is from the year 2019.