This document summarizes common web application security vulnerabilities in Ruby on Rails such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), mass assignment, and CVE-2012-2661. It provides examples of these vulnerabilities and discusses countermeasures like input sanitization, access control, CSRF tokens, whitelisting attributes, and upgrading Rails versions. The document concludes by recommending following Rails security best practices and resources for learning about securing Rails applications.