Sociologists define social control as the way that the norms, rules, laws, and structures of society regulate human behavior. It is a necessary part of social order, for societies could not exist without controlling their populations
This document discusses social control and its various aspects. It defines social control as a social process that makes individuals responsive to groups and maintains social organization. Social control is needed to regulate individual behavior according to social norms, maintain social order and decisions, and establish unity and solidarity. The main types of social control discussed are direct, indirect, positive, negative, formal, and informal. The key agencies of social control mentioned include legal systems, education, family, state, religion, folkways, norms, values, mores, customs, and fashion.
Society uses social control to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order. Social control involves patterns of persuasion, restraint, and coercion that bring individuals' behavior into conformity with approved social standards. It is how the entire social order coheres and sustains itself. Scholars define social control as the processes by which society influences individuals to conform to social norms and values. There are informal means of social control like folkways, mores, and religion, as well as formal means like laws and education. Social control aims to regulate behavior, maintain the existing social order, establish social unity, provide social sanctions, and address cultural maladjustment.
Unit 10 social organization and social systemDivyaPatel239
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
This document provides an overview of cultural concepts including cultural lag, cultural diffusion, and acculturation.
Cultural lag refers to when cultural ideas do not keep pace with other social changes, such as new medical technologies raising questions about life and death that cultural beliefs have not yet addressed. Cultural diffusion is the spreading of cultural ideas from one group to another through various means such as direct contact, a middleman, or force. Acculturation is the process where members of one group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another culture, such as an immigrant's family becoming accustomed to practices in their new country over generations.
This document discusses social control and its various forms and mechanisms. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence individual behavior and maintain social order. It describes the different types of social control as formal (exercised through institutions like law, education) and informal (customs, norms). It then outlines several key agencies of social control, including law, the state, education, religion, family, neighborhood, and public opinion. The role of the nurse is also mentioned as understanding patient deviance and treating those who fail to conform to social controls.
This document discusses various aspects of social control. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence and regulate individual behavior to maintain social order. It identifies both formal and informal means of social control, such as law, education, religion, norms, values, folkways, mores, customs, and fashion. The role of these different social controls is to promote social stability by enforcing shared standards of conduct. As members of society, nurses must understand social controls and how deviations from these norms can impact health.
This topic is related to sociology...
It is very useful for B.Sc. nursing students....
In this ppt include detail about society, community, difference between society and community, personal disorganization etc.
This document discusses social disorganization, including its definition, characteristics, forms, causes, and ways to remove it. Social disorganization occurs when members of a society no longer adhere to its norms and values, resulting in conflict and instability. It can take personal, family, community, or international forms. Causes include cultural lag, conflicting attitudes, social crises, and psychological and cultural factors. Ways to reduce social disorganization involve developing new social roles and values, reforming education, minimizing conflicts, and addressing issues like poverty, employment, and economic disparities.
This document discusses social control and its various aspects. It defines social control as a social process that makes individuals responsive to groups and maintains social organization. Social control is needed to regulate individual behavior according to social norms, maintain social order and decisions, and establish unity and solidarity. The main types of social control discussed are direct, indirect, positive, negative, formal, and informal. The key agencies of social control mentioned include legal systems, education, family, state, religion, folkways, norms, values, mores, customs, and fashion.
Society uses social control to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order. Social control involves patterns of persuasion, restraint, and coercion that bring individuals' behavior into conformity with approved social standards. It is how the entire social order coheres and sustains itself. Scholars define social control as the processes by which society influences individuals to conform to social norms and values. There are informal means of social control like folkways, mores, and religion, as well as formal means like laws and education. Social control aims to regulate behavior, maintain the existing social order, establish social unity, provide social sanctions, and address cultural maladjustment.
Unit 10 social organization and social systemDivyaPatel239
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
This document provides an overview of cultural concepts including cultural lag, cultural diffusion, and acculturation.
Cultural lag refers to when cultural ideas do not keep pace with other social changes, such as new medical technologies raising questions about life and death that cultural beliefs have not yet addressed. Cultural diffusion is the spreading of cultural ideas from one group to another through various means such as direct contact, a middleman, or force. Acculturation is the process where members of one group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another culture, such as an immigrant's family becoming accustomed to practices in their new country over generations.
This document discusses social control and its various forms and mechanisms. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence individual behavior and maintain social order. It describes the different types of social control as formal (exercised through institutions like law, education) and informal (customs, norms). It then outlines several key agencies of social control, including law, the state, education, religion, family, neighborhood, and public opinion. The role of the nurse is also mentioned as understanding patient deviance and treating those who fail to conform to social controls.
This document discusses various aspects of social control. It defines social control as the methods used by society to influence and regulate individual behavior to maintain social order. It identifies both formal and informal means of social control, such as law, education, religion, norms, values, folkways, mores, customs, and fashion. The role of these different social controls is to promote social stability by enforcing shared standards of conduct. As members of society, nurses must understand social controls and how deviations from these norms can impact health.
This topic is related to sociology...
It is very useful for B.Sc. nursing students....
In this ppt include detail about society, community, difference between society and community, personal disorganization etc.
This document discusses social disorganization, including its definition, characteristics, forms, causes, and ways to remove it. Social disorganization occurs when members of a society no longer adhere to its norms and values, resulting in conflict and instability. It can take personal, family, community, or international forms. Causes include cultural lag, conflicting attitudes, social crises, and psychological and cultural factors. Ways to reduce social disorganization involve developing new social roles and values, reforming education, minimizing conflicts, and addressing issues like poverty, employment, and economic disparities.
This document discusses several social problems in India including social disorganization, poverty, housing issues, and illiteracy. It defines key terms and outlines various causes and characteristics of social disorganization. It also describes the types and causes of poverty in India and different government programs implemented to alleviate poverty. Regarding housing problems, it discusses the challenges India faces in urban and rural housing availability and quality. It provides an overview of illiteracy rates in India and factors contributing to illiteracy.
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
Social disorganization refers to a lack of consensus or equilibrium within a society. It occurs when the relationship between different parts of culture is disturbed. There are several approaches to studying social disorganization, including viewing it as a result of social problems, biological and psychological factors, geographical influences, cultural processes, or cultural lag as traditions fail to adapt to new material conditions. Good neighborhoods enhance youth socialization through strong social ties and local networks while bad neighborhoods undermine it due to weak community bonds and parental control.
Multicultural Education and Cultural LagMichelle Cruz
The document discusses the concept of multicultural education. It provides several key points about multicultural education:
1) Multicultural education is a process that aims to ensure academic success for all students by permeating all aspects of school practices, policies and organization.
2) It helps students develop positive self-concepts by providing knowledge about diverse histories and cultures.
3) Multicultural education challenges discrimination and promotes democratic values of social justice. It prepares students for responsibilities in an interdependent world.
This document provides an overview of social stratification and related concepts. It discusses the meaning and types of social stratification including caste system, class system, and race. It then focuses on the Indian caste system, outlining theories about its origin and key features both historically and in modern India. The document also addresses social class and status, social mobility, and how class, caste, and race can influence health and health practices.
This document discusses social disorganization and social control. It defines social disorganization as a breakdown in a society's rules, norms, and social relationships that leads to disorder and instability. It can occur when there is no agreement on important social interests or a change in social equilibrium. The causes of social disorganization include psychological, cultural, biological, physical, and social problems. Social control refers to enforcing social values and patterns on deviant members through rewards and punishments to maintain order. It is necessary for orderly social life and establishes social unity through conformity. Formal and informal social controls are used directly and indirectly.
The document discusses social stratification and the caste system in India. It begins by defining social stratification as a society's categorization of people into hierarchies based on factors like wealth, income, education and power. In India, the caste system is the classic example of social stratification, dividing Hindus into four varnas or classes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. It provides details on the historical roles and status of each caste. While the caste system is now illegal, stratification continues to influence Indian society and positive discrimination policies have been implemented to help lower castes.
Social change involves alterations to social institutions, behaviors, and relations within a society. It can occur through innovation, invention, contact with other societies, or changes in areas like technology, ideas, and the environment. When one part of a culture changes faster than others, it can create tensions known as "cultural lag." Cultural lag refers to a gap between material and non-material aspects of culture that arises when technological or economic changes happen more rapidly than cultural norms and values can adapt.
This presentation explains the difference between society and community. It is basic difference often asked in sociology. People often get confused and use society and community word interchangeably but there is a difference between these words which is well explained in the slides.
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It employs the scientific method to analyze social behavior and seeks to understand the origins, organization, and development of human society. Sociology studies social, economic, political, and religious activities of people and the various aspects of communities, families, and how their behavior changes with social mobility. There is ongoing debate around the scope of sociology, with some arguing it should be a specific science and others believing it is a general science with a vast scope.
This document discusses social change and the role of nurses as social agents of change. It defines social change as any modification in established social patterns and relationships over time. It identifies several factors that can drive social change, including geographical, biological, demographic, technological, economic, cultural, and social factors. The document then outlines some key features of social problems and how nurses can promote positive social change through health education, adopting new practices, understanding social issues, and facilitating better communication and social relationships.
Social processes involve the interaction and relationships between individuals and groups. They can be classified in several ways, such as by the number of people involved or the nature of the process. There are two main categories of social processes - integrative/associative processes and disintegrative/dissociative processes. Associative processes like cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, and acculturation are essential for social integration and progress. Dissociative processes like competition, conflict, and isolation can hinder social development if taken to an extreme. Social processes are continuous, universal, and help establish patterns of social behavior and interaction.
The Jajmani system was a traditional Indian caste system where upper caste landowners known as "Jajmans" exchanged goods and services with lower caste service castes known as "Kamin". Relationships between castes were regulated by established patron-client relationships, with the Jajman enjoying respect similar to a king and the service castes as subjects. The Jajmani system provided economic security for castes through hereditary occupations and exchange of grains for services, but also limited social mobility and could lead to exploitation between castes.
This document discusses key concepts in sociology including:
1) Sociology is the scientific study of human society, its structure and development.
2) It uses methods like surveys, questionnaires, and case studies to collect empirical data about social behavior and patterns.
3) There are different theoretical approaches in sociology like functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism that provide frameworks to analyze social institutions and human interaction.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concept of "society" in sociology. It defines society as a collection of individuals united through relationships and behaviors that distinguish them from others. Society is characterized by mutual interaction and awareness between people, as well as cooperation, interdependence, and a shared culture over a definite territory. The essence of society, as noted by sociologists, is the sociability and companionship between individuals that has existed since humans have lived together in groups throughout history.
Man is a social animal who cannot live alone. Man begins his life in group of a family. Throughout the life, man forms different groups to fulfil different needs. Every group plays an important role in shaping the personality & socialization of a person.
Social changes occur in all aspects of society, including social structures, roles, relationships, and norms. Changes can be slow or rapid. Social change refers to modifications in these social aspects. It is caused by various internal and external forces and factors like education, industrialization, urbanization, legislation, and modernization. Some key factors that affect social change in India include geographical conditions, technological advancements, cultural shifts, ideological changes, and the push for westernization and development. Social change is a continuous, universal process that impacts social institutions, behaviors, and the overall functioning of society over time.
Social norms are the implicit or explicit rules and behaviors that are considered acceptable within a society or group. The major societal force that shapes individuals' norms and values is socialization through things like family, education, peer groups, and media/technology. Twenty standard social norms provided include things like avoiding burping in public, saying please, chewing with your mouth closed, offering help to others, wearing clothes in public, and celebrating cultural holidays.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of social norms: folkways, mores, and laws. Folkways are informal rules of etiquette and manners that are learned unconsciously, with mild punishment for violations. Mores are more serious unwritten rules essential for social order, with formal and informal punishment. Laws are formal, written rules enforced by courts and police. Examples of each type of social norm are given regarding appropriate behavior in classrooms, public spaces, and relationships. Social norms help control behavior, create order and patterns, and allow for self-control.
This document discusses several social problems in India including social disorganization, poverty, housing issues, and illiteracy. It defines key terms and outlines various causes and characteristics of social disorganization. It also describes the types and causes of poverty in India and different government programs implemented to alleviate poverty. Regarding housing problems, it discusses the challenges India faces in urban and rural housing availability and quality. It provides an overview of illiteracy rates in India and factors contributing to illiteracy.
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
Social disorganization refers to a lack of consensus or equilibrium within a society. It occurs when the relationship between different parts of culture is disturbed. There are several approaches to studying social disorganization, including viewing it as a result of social problems, biological and psychological factors, geographical influences, cultural processes, or cultural lag as traditions fail to adapt to new material conditions. Good neighborhoods enhance youth socialization through strong social ties and local networks while bad neighborhoods undermine it due to weak community bonds and parental control.
Multicultural Education and Cultural LagMichelle Cruz
The document discusses the concept of multicultural education. It provides several key points about multicultural education:
1) Multicultural education is a process that aims to ensure academic success for all students by permeating all aspects of school practices, policies and organization.
2) It helps students develop positive self-concepts by providing knowledge about diverse histories and cultures.
3) Multicultural education challenges discrimination and promotes democratic values of social justice. It prepares students for responsibilities in an interdependent world.
This document provides an overview of social stratification and related concepts. It discusses the meaning and types of social stratification including caste system, class system, and race. It then focuses on the Indian caste system, outlining theories about its origin and key features both historically and in modern India. The document also addresses social class and status, social mobility, and how class, caste, and race can influence health and health practices.
This document discusses social disorganization and social control. It defines social disorganization as a breakdown in a society's rules, norms, and social relationships that leads to disorder and instability. It can occur when there is no agreement on important social interests or a change in social equilibrium. The causes of social disorganization include psychological, cultural, biological, physical, and social problems. Social control refers to enforcing social values and patterns on deviant members through rewards and punishments to maintain order. It is necessary for orderly social life and establishes social unity through conformity. Formal and informal social controls are used directly and indirectly.
The document discusses social stratification and the caste system in India. It begins by defining social stratification as a society's categorization of people into hierarchies based on factors like wealth, income, education and power. In India, the caste system is the classic example of social stratification, dividing Hindus into four varnas or classes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. It provides details on the historical roles and status of each caste. While the caste system is now illegal, stratification continues to influence Indian society and positive discrimination policies have been implemented to help lower castes.
Social change involves alterations to social institutions, behaviors, and relations within a society. It can occur through innovation, invention, contact with other societies, or changes in areas like technology, ideas, and the environment. When one part of a culture changes faster than others, it can create tensions known as "cultural lag." Cultural lag refers to a gap between material and non-material aspects of culture that arises when technological or economic changes happen more rapidly than cultural norms and values can adapt.
This presentation explains the difference between society and community. It is basic difference often asked in sociology. People often get confused and use society and community word interchangeably but there is a difference between these words which is well explained in the slides.
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It employs the scientific method to analyze social behavior and seeks to understand the origins, organization, and development of human society. Sociology studies social, economic, political, and religious activities of people and the various aspects of communities, families, and how their behavior changes with social mobility. There is ongoing debate around the scope of sociology, with some arguing it should be a specific science and others believing it is a general science with a vast scope.
This document discusses social change and the role of nurses as social agents of change. It defines social change as any modification in established social patterns and relationships over time. It identifies several factors that can drive social change, including geographical, biological, demographic, technological, economic, cultural, and social factors. The document then outlines some key features of social problems and how nurses can promote positive social change through health education, adopting new practices, understanding social issues, and facilitating better communication and social relationships.
Social processes involve the interaction and relationships between individuals and groups. They can be classified in several ways, such as by the number of people involved or the nature of the process. There are two main categories of social processes - integrative/associative processes and disintegrative/dissociative processes. Associative processes like cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, and acculturation are essential for social integration and progress. Dissociative processes like competition, conflict, and isolation can hinder social development if taken to an extreme. Social processes are continuous, universal, and help establish patterns of social behavior and interaction.
The Jajmani system was a traditional Indian caste system where upper caste landowners known as "Jajmans" exchanged goods and services with lower caste service castes known as "Kamin". Relationships between castes were regulated by established patron-client relationships, with the Jajman enjoying respect similar to a king and the service castes as subjects. The Jajmani system provided economic security for castes through hereditary occupations and exchange of grains for services, but also limited social mobility and could lead to exploitation between castes.
This document discusses key concepts in sociology including:
1) Sociology is the scientific study of human society, its structure and development.
2) It uses methods like surveys, questionnaires, and case studies to collect empirical data about social behavior and patterns.
3) There are different theoretical approaches in sociology like functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism that provide frameworks to analyze social institutions and human interaction.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concept of "society" in sociology. It defines society as a collection of individuals united through relationships and behaviors that distinguish them from others. Society is characterized by mutual interaction and awareness between people, as well as cooperation, interdependence, and a shared culture over a definite territory. The essence of society, as noted by sociologists, is the sociability and companionship between individuals that has existed since humans have lived together in groups throughout history.
Man is a social animal who cannot live alone. Man begins his life in group of a family. Throughout the life, man forms different groups to fulfil different needs. Every group plays an important role in shaping the personality & socialization of a person.
Social changes occur in all aspects of society, including social structures, roles, relationships, and norms. Changes can be slow or rapid. Social change refers to modifications in these social aspects. It is caused by various internal and external forces and factors like education, industrialization, urbanization, legislation, and modernization. Some key factors that affect social change in India include geographical conditions, technological advancements, cultural shifts, ideological changes, and the push for westernization and development. Social change is a continuous, universal process that impacts social institutions, behaviors, and the overall functioning of society over time.
Social norms are the implicit or explicit rules and behaviors that are considered acceptable within a society or group. The major societal force that shapes individuals' norms and values is socialization through things like family, education, peer groups, and media/technology. Twenty standard social norms provided include things like avoiding burping in public, saying please, chewing with your mouth closed, offering help to others, wearing clothes in public, and celebrating cultural holidays.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of social norms: folkways, mores, and laws. Folkways are informal rules of etiquette and manners that are learned unconsciously, with mild punishment for violations. Mores are more serious unwritten rules essential for social order, with formal and informal punishment. Laws are formal, written rules enforced by courts and police. Examples of each type of social norm are given regarding appropriate behavior in classrooms, public spaces, and relationships. Social norms help control behavior, create order and patterns, and allow for self-control.
This ppt covers all the points as per the prescribed format of Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Nashik for the course Post Basic Bsc Nursing .
Culture influences one's moral development in several key ways according to the document:
1) Culture is communal and promotes relationships by establishing norms, rules, and standards of behavior for its members.
2) Culture defines normative principles and behaviors for the society and sets boundaries to protect the community.
3) Culture conditions the mind and helps generate the identity and moral character of its people.
The document discusses key concepts in sociology including culture, norms, values, social structure, and social institutions. It defines culture as a system of symbols shared by a society that provides meaning and guides behavior. Norms are rules that specify appropriate behavior while values provide criteria for evaluating people and events. Social structure refers to the patterned relationships between social institutions, groups, and statuses that give direction to and constrain behavior. Important social institutions that every society develops to meet basic needs include family, religion, politics, education, and healthcare.
Social norms are rules that dictate appropriate and expected behaviors within a society or group. There are three main types of social norms: folkways which are informal daily customs; mores which are more serious norms essential to societal functioning; and laws which are formal written rules enforced by authorities. Social norms develop unconsciously in societies and are passed down over generations, providing guidelines for areas like dress, manners, family structures, and religious customs. Deviating from social norms can result in various forms of punishment depending on the type of norm.
The document discusses the concept of culture and its characteristics. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and capabilities that are shared by a group. Culture prescribes behaviors and is shared by most members of a society. It is transmitted through socialization and helps individuals interpret reality. A culture is comprised of various interconnected dimensions, including ideas, beliefs, values, norms, and material objects. While cultures share similarities, they also exhibit diversity. Subcultures exist within dominant cultures. The document also examines sources and processes of cultural change, including invention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Culture influences one's moral development in several key ways:
1) Culture is communal and sets shared standards of behavior to promote social bonds.
2) Culture defines normative principles and behaviors for what serves the best interests of the community.
3) Culture develops restrictions and boundaries that protect members and promote community welfare.
4) Culture conditions the mind and helps shape people's moral character and identity.
Social Control , Chapter 5 (Citizenship).docxKamran Abdullah
BS EDUCATION
SEMSETER 2nd
(From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024)
Subject: Citizenship
Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.)
Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30
-------------------------------------------
Institute of Education
University Of Sargodha *
2 Culture, Health and Society - Basic Conceptsmloefler
This document defines and explains key sociological concepts related to culture, norms, values, and socialization. It discusses how culture is the shared way of life learned and transmitted between generations in a society. Norms provide guidelines for acceptable behavior while values represent abstract ideals. People learn norms and values through the process of socialization primarily from their family and peer groups when young, and later through schools, work, and media. Understanding these foundational sociological concepts is important for discussing and analyzing society.
Social, Political, and Cultural behavior and PhenomenaMiss Chey
Every society has norms that guide appropriate behavior. Culture includes shared beliefs, values, and symbols learned from one generation to the next. It is integrated over time as societies adapt. Culture exists through both material items and abstract concepts like language, values, and beliefs. There are various types of social norms including folkways, mores, taboos, and laws, which differ in how strictly they are enforced. Understanding culture requires recognizing that values differ in each society and should be considered within their own context rather than being judged according to one's own culture.
This document outlines some basic elements of culture including language, symbols, norms, values, beliefs, and cognitive elements. It provides details on language, symbols, and social norms. Language is a set of patterns and terms common to a culture and differs between cultures. Symbols represent concepts and help express cultural ideologies. Social norms are unwritten rules of behavior divided into folkways as customary behaviors and mores as essential values that are enforced through social sanctions.
The document discusses formal and informal means of social control. Formal control includes laws, education, and coercion enforced by authorized agencies and institutions. Informal control arises through social factors like values, customs, public opinion, and relationships. Key informal means are folkways, ideologies, and social suggestions that guide behavior through culture rather than force. Together, formal and informal control help maintain social order and solidarity.
Bba L07 Dt Deviation And Social ControlShabbir Terai
1) The document discusses the concept of social deviation and social control, including definitions, types, causes, and effects of deviation as well as definitions and agencies of social control.
2) Deviation refers to behavior that does not conform to social norms, while social control refers to the processes by which society influences individuals to conform.
3) Key agencies of social control discussed include customs, public opinion, family, education, law, religion, and leadership. Social control can be direct, indirect, positive, or negative.
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Norms are rules and standards that govern behavior in society. They reflect societal values and determine what is considered proper or good. Norms guide and control human behavior. There are both private and social norms, and sociologists study social norms. Norms are enforced through sanctions - both informal rewards and punishments applied by members of a group, as well as formal sanctions imposed by those in authority. Norms give order and cohesion to society by standardizing behavior. A breakdown of norms can lead to a state of normlessness where people feel detached from others and society lacks social control. Values are broad ideas of what is desirable in a society that most members share, and help define social preferences and provide a vision for the future
Sociology is important for nursing as it enables nurses to understand the social forces that can influence patients, collect important socio-cultural information about patients, understand different social perspectives and challenges patients may face, and educate people about health issues. Sociology provides nurses with knowledge of social problems patients face, techniques for interviews and applying statistics, and ways to facilitate adjustment. It helps nurses understand psycho-social problems which is useful for medical treatment.
1 sociocultural context of health and health care deliveryChantal Settley
Culture:
• Culture: definition- pg 35 in Pretoruis.
• Components of culture:
• Cognitive component- pg 36 in Pretoruis.
• Normative component- pg 37 in Pretoruis.
• Symbolic component- pg 39 in Pretoruis.
Cultural concepts:
• Subcultures- pg 44 in Pretoruis.
• Cultural change- pg 44 in Pretoruis.
• Cultural competence (aspects of cultural identity) - pg 47 in Pretoruis.
• Culture shock- pg 37 in Du Toit.
• Cultural lag- pg 37 in Pretoruis.
Social norms are cultural standards that guide behavior and help control human actions. Norms are unwritten practices that are learned from others and differ between societies. Norms help maintain social order and reduce deviant behavior by establishing expectations. They enrich civilization by teaching cooperation and change over time to meet new social needs, providing cohesion for societies. Violating norms can lead to cultural disruption known as anomie.
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the urinary and bowel elimination systems. It discusses the organs involved in urinary and bowel elimination including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, small intestine, and rectum. Factors that can affect normal elimination are covered as well as common alterations like incontinence, retention, frequency, and impaction. Nursing assessments, interventions, and potential diagnoses related to promotion of normal urinary and bowel elimination are also summarized.
Health Problems in India by Preeti ThakurSMVDCoN ,J&K
India has huge burden of Health problems .In India health problems are discussed under six major headings as commonly seen in the country.
1.Communicable Disease Problem
2. Non-Communicable disease problem
3.Nutritional problem
4.Environmental sanitation problem
5.Medical care problem
6.Population problem
Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms.
Physical activity and Successful agingSMVDCoN ,J&K
The single most effective means by which older adults can influence their own health and functional abilities and therefore, maintain a high quality in the old age.
Principles & philosophies of Education SMVDCoN ,J&K
Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously & systematically planned & implemented through instruction & discipline & aims the harmonious development of the physical, intellectual, social, emotional, spiritual & aesthetic powers or abilities of the students in order to tender professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all phases of health & illness, in a variety of setting, in the best or highest possible manner.
Chhaya is an oral contraceptive pill which does not contain any hormone. It is available in the market in some places as 'Saheli' tablet. It has been introduced in the public health system in the name of 'Chhaya' to benefit more women at no cost. It is a safe spacing option for both breast feeding and non-breast feeding women and needs to be taken only twice a week for the first 3 months and then once a Week.
Health education is a vital part of community health nursing, because the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health require that patients understand health care requirements. Health education is an integral part of all health services and all health personnel's who are responsible for providing health care.
The document discusses various methods of clinical teaching in nursing. It defines clinical teaching as assisting students to apply nursing theory to practical situations and develop nursing theory from clinical practice. Some key methods of clinical teaching discussed include conferences, case presentations, nursing rounds, nursing care plans, clinical simulation, group discussions, process recording, and demonstrations. The goals of clinical teaching are to develop students' problem-solving, critical thinking, and psychomotor skills as well as a holistic and systematic approach to patient care.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg attaches itself in a place other than inside the uterus.
Fibroids, also known as uterine myomas, leiomyomas, or fibromas, are firm, compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue that develop in the uterus.
It is the benign kind of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) while the cancerous kind is Invasive mole, Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, Choriocarcinoma and Placental Site Tumor. H. Mole could lead to Invasive moles or Choriocarcinoma if not treated immediately with prophylactic chemotherapy.
“Family planning is a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge, attitude and responsible decision by individuals and couples in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and this contribute effectively to the social development of a country. “WHO (1971)
Guidance is a process of dynamic and interpersonal relationship designed to influences the attitudes and subsequent behavior of a person.
Counseling is the helping relationship, that include: some one seeking help, someone wiling to give help who is capable or trained to help, in a setting that permits help to given and received.
Duties and responsibilities of various category of nursing personnelSMVDCoN ,J&K
In a field as varied as nursing, there is no typical answer. Responsibilities can range from making acute treatment decisions to providing inoculations in schools. The key unifying characteristic in every role is the skill and drive that it takes to be a nurse. Through long-term monitoring of patients’ behavior and knowledge-based expertise, nurses are best placed to take an all-encompassing view of a patient’s wellbeing.
It is the process of transferring the research knowledge into practice, thus facilitating an innovative change in practice of protocols. Research utilization is the use of the findings from a disciplined study or a set of studies in a practical application that is unrelated to the original research.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
Unit: 6 Demographic Rates and Ratios vital statistics SMVDCoN ,J&K
Rate measures the occurrence of some particular event in a population during a given period of time. It indicates the change in some event that take place in a population over a period of time like death rate or birth rate.A ratio is a relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second.
Special consideration advance directives,EuthanasiaSMVDCoN ,J&K
Euthanasia: The practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. The word "euthanasia" comes straight out of the Greek -- "eu", goodly or well + "thanatos", death = the good death.
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.
This document discusses antidotes, which are substances that counteract toxins and poisons. It defines antidotes and explains that some are made by injecting toxins in animals and extracting resulting antibodies. The document classifies antidotes into physical, chemical, and pharmacological categories based on their mechanisms of action. It provides examples of specific antidotes for various toxins and poisons like paracetamol, morphine, cyanide, and more. The document aims to explain what antidotes are and how they work to neutralize different toxins.
The document discusses various topics related to death including types of death, causes of death, stages of dying, the dying process, and signs of impending death. It notes that death can be classified as clinical/systemic death or biological/molecular death. Causes of death include natural causes like aging or disease, as well as unnatural causes such as homicide, accidents, and suicide. The dying process occurs in stages that may involve denial, anger, bargaining, and acceptance. Signs of impending death include loss of appetite, labored breathing, and mottling of the skin. A death certificate is an official document that records information about the deceased individual like their name, cause of death, and certifying official.
Immunosuppressants are drugs or medicines that lower the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Another term for these drugs is anti-rejection drugs. There are 2 types of immunosuppressants:
Induction drugs: Powerful antirejection medicine used at the time of transplant
Maintenance drugs: Antirejection medications used for the long term.
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Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
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Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
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GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
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International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
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This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
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2. Introduction:
Norms are set of standards that regulate the
relationship and mode of behaviour. These
standards of group behaviour are called
Social norms. It can be said that norms are
standards. These standards are accepted by
the society.
3. “The norms are the blue prints for behaviour
setting limits with in the which individuals may
seek alternate ways to achieve their goals.”
Acc to Broom & selznick
“ the rules the guide behaviour in everyday
situations and are derived from the values”
4. Norms are considered as the important means
of social control.
Norms contain standards of behaviour, which
provide order to social relation.
It provide cohesion in society through
normatively regulated social system.
It develop attitude among individuals.
It influence the motives of people.
It determine & guide the intuitive judgement of
self & of others.
5. Universal
Related to the functional order.
Incorporates value judgments.
Relative to situations & groups.
Norms are not always obeyed by all.
Norms vary with sanctions.
Norms are normally internalised by the
people.
6. So, the norms denote the expected
behaviour. Moral values are attached with
norms, which set out the normative order of
the group.
So, norms are important as standards of
behaviour which give order to social relations.
The interaction between the individual goes
smoothly if the norms are followed by
individuals in society. No group or society
exists without norms.
7. The norms have been classified on the basis
of importance and the type of sanctions in to
various categories such as folkways, mores,
custom & fashion.
The word ‘folkways’ literally means
‘ the ways of the people’
8. “Folkways are those ways of acting that are
common to a society or a group & that are
handed down from one generation to the
next.”
Acc to A.W. Green
“Folkways are typical or habitual beliefs,
attitudes & style of conduct observed with in
a group & community”
Acc to Horton & Hunt
9. Folkway predict our own & other’s behaviour.
Folkway provide a sense of security.
These are great saver of energy & time.
Folkways are foundation of every culture.
Solve the social problems & strive towards
achieving the goals.
It helps us to handle the situations & to make
social relations.
It constitutes social structure.
10. Social in nature: Product of man’s group life.
For sustaining, maintaining , to get social
recognition.
Repetitive in character: if majority of people
observe constantly & regularly, it become
folkways .Practices become standardized by
constant repetition.
Unplanned origin: Spontaneous, automatic,
unconscious in origin. No advance planning is
required, e.g. Hairstyle, dressing style.
coversation style.
11. Informal enforcement: Folkways are informal
means of social control. If the individual is not
following the folkway ,it becomes ‘gossip’.
Varied in nature: It differ from group to group,
society to society, e.g. table manners, eating
pattern.
Numerous & diverse: Depending upon society
& group varied folkways are observed.
Subjected to change: Based upon social
conditions ,situations environment it varies.
Based on cultural traits, people will adopt
certain cultural practices.
12. Spontaneous in origin, automatic
Approved behaviour
Distinctiveness
Hereditary
To meet the needs/ problem of the society
13. Folkways are infinite in number. There are no.
of folkways in different culture, group,
society about eating, smoking, sex, birth,
dress, death etc.
Folkways related to eating
Hindus Bengalis Jain Brahamins Madrasis
Do not take
meat
Eat rice
preferably
Do not
take curd
Eat in kitchen Eat rice with
hand
14. The folkways are dynamic i.e. changing and
keep on changing according to social
conditions.
These changes as a result of innovation. After
innovation if it is found that the innovations
are better than old one., then it is accepted &
followed & later on , when followed & accepted
by a large group ,exerts pressure to be
accepted by all of its members , then it
becomes a folkway. In this way ,the folkways
keep on changing.
15. Mores are of great significance to society. The
term mores has been derived from
The mores are related to the fundamental
needs of society more directly. Mores are the
ways to regulate behaviour & for the welfare
of society.
•Which means
custom
Mos
16. “Mores are those customs & group routines
which are thought by the members of society
to be necessary to the group’s continued
existence”
Acc to Gillin & Gillin
“When the folkways have added to them
conceptions of group welfare, standard of
right & wrong , they are converted in to
norms”
Acc to R.M.Maclver
18. It prescribed behaviour patterns. They
provide instruction & guidance for people to
behave in a particular manner. e.g.
Giving respect to elders
Protecting children
Care of disease & aged
Speaking truth
19. It prescribes which they should not exhibit
through behavior mores prohibits certain
behaviour pattern. E.g.
Instructions like not to have anti-social
behaviour.
20. They regulate the social behaviour :
It dedicates the right attitudes & shapes the
personality of the individual.They are
compulsive & everybody should follow it and if
any body violates, they will be punished.
Relatively persistent:
Mores are long lasting, conservative in nature.
21. Varied from group to group:
Some group prohibit one kind of more, other
may accept e.g some follow monogamy, others
accept polygamy.
Mores are backed by values & religion:
Religious sanction, values are shared by mores.
22. Determines individual behaviour.
Moulds personality of individual.
Restrains our tendencies.
Powerful mean of social control.
Identify the individual with the group &
maintains social relationship; essential for
satisfactory living.
Preserves social solidarity.
Helpful for forming the social laws which
govern our social relations.
23. Folkways Mores
Behaviour pattern of
routine life arising
unconsciously in a group.
Do not imply value
judgement about mores.
Less effective than mores.
Less deeply routed in
society.
Change more rapidly.
Means customs which
determine the right & wrong
mode of behaviour.
Imply value judgment
about folkway.
More effective.
More deeply rooted in
society.
Change less frequently.
24. Folkway Mores
Change with one’s social
status & occupation position.
Less dominant over
individual’s life.
Simple in nature.
Donot change in this way.
More stable, dominant.
Wider & general in
character.
25. “Custom is the uniform approved way of
acting, transmitted from generation to
generation, by tradition & usually made
effective by social approval”
Acc to Anderson & Parker
“customs & traditions are group accepted
technique of control that have become well
established that are taken for granted & that
are passed from generation to generation .”
Acc to Bogardus
26. Custom is a social phenomenon ,Which is
socially recognized got social significance &
normative in nature. It represents routine acts
of daily life of the people, then enjoy social
sanction.
It has a great significance , inherited.
Custom are consider to be conductive to the
welfare of the society.
Customs are varied in nature, e.g. For the
performance of marriage; varied religions
performs in different manner.
27. Origin of custom is obscure- it is very
difficult to ascertain the exact way in which
customs emerged.
Customs are relatively durable, spontaneous
in nature.
All customs are not traditional.
Unconsciously customs are maintained as
they are strongly imbedded in group life.
28. Customs are considered as important
means of controlling social behaviour. The
customs are found in each community or
country, there is no country, community or
group where there is not any custom. The
members of the society follow the customs
as being part of it.
29. It preserve the culture.
It brings the person together.
It develop the social relationship.
It helps in process of learning.
They help in social adjustment with many
social problems.
They provide a sense of security in human
society.
It builds the personality of human being.
It change & mould the attitude & ideas.
It regulate the behaviour of human being.
30. Custom is the result of habit. However, habits
are created by customs also. These two i.e.
custom & habits are inter-related in social
life.
Custom create Habit
In routine, the word custom is used
synonymous with habit, But there is
difference between custom & habit .
31. Acting in particular
way which is socially
accepted
Repetition of act
when faced with a
similar situation
Habit
Custom
Act becomes
frequently
recurring
experience
32. “Fashion is a series of recurring changes in
the choice of a group of people which,
through they may accompany by utility , not
determined by it.”
Acc to E.A .Ross
“Fashion is socially approved sequence of
variation on a customary theme.”
Acc to Maclver
33. Fashion is for short time period.
It is dynamic in nature.
Fashion is a group choice.
Fashion may or may not be useful.
It embrace large proportion of human life.
It is found in every group ,community or
society.
It spread from one corner to another corner of
world.
Fashion is rapidly changed .It is difficult to
step with changing fashion.
34. Fashion plays a vital role in social
life & have strong hold over the
people. The fashion is more
prevalent in modern society than
primitive society because of :
Development of means of
communication.
Affluence of rich society.
Urbanisation
35. Satisfies the human desire, which is important
for living in society.
Prepares the mind of people for a change.
Helps to bridge the greater transitions of
process of social change.
Enhance the prestige of upper class among the
individual who initiate it.
Modifies the rigidity of customs.
Introduce a common pattern in to the area of
indifference.
36. Custom Fashion
Uniform approved ways of
acting & passed from
generation to generation.
Customs are followed from
time immemorial.
Custom grow in society &
follow as a matter of habit.
Custom stand for sociality
& is followed by all members
of a community.
Fashion are folkways
which survive for a short
time.
It is followed as it has
never been followed earlier.
It is created & followed
with a purpose in mind.
It stands for individuality
as fashion is started by
somebody.
37. Custom Fashion
Custom is followed by
individual to identify himself
with the rest of the member
of the society.
Custom is concerned with
important , intimate life &
temperament of group.
Fashion is followed to
distinguish oneself from
others.
Fashion is concerned with
superficial matters.
38. Law Custom
Body of rules made by
state & interpreted by
courts of land.
Law is abolished by a
recognised authority.
Law require special agency
for its enforcement.
Law is deliberately made
by definite body of state or
centre.
Uniformed approved way of
acting & passed from
generation to generation.
Custom disappears without
formal abolition.
Custom does not require
special agency.
Custom is a group of
procedure that has emerged
gradually.
39. Law custom
Law is specific, clear &
definite.
Law is flexible , as it can
readily adjust itself to
changing condition.
Law deals with matters
which are important to life of
society.
Custom is not specific,
clear or definite.
Custom Is relatively fixed &
permanent & cannot be
changed readily.
Custom deals with ordinary
& familiar subject matter.
40. Nurse as a member of Health team provides
preventive, curative & rehabilitative service to
people.
She can assess the individuals whose behaviour &
attitude is not in conformity with society.
She can use various means of social control such
as education & law to achieve the social control.
E.g a man who is in habit of abusing & creating
violence in family due to his improper attitude &
behaviour as a result of drinking habit.
41. Nurse can use means of social control such as
education by telling the disadvantages of alcohol
& can enforce the laws through the police.
She teaches all the individuals in the community
to be in conformity with group values, norms,
folkway & mores.
With the knowledge of all social control
measures, she can keep herself in pace with
these to win the confidence, Initiate & maintain
good IPR.
42. She can show the respect for norms, value,
folkways & more of the group/ family while
assessing, caring & evaluating the health needs
of the members of the family.
She works in collaboration with other
departments & team members. For smooth
functioning, she uses the knowledge of social
control & tries to understand the behaviour &
attitude, if she finds anyone violating the law,
norms, folkways etc. She imposes sanction &
takes the help of social control to modify their
attitude .
44. Satisfaction of socio emotional needs :
In groups, the conformity is high when the
members of group enjoy the task & their socio
emotional needs are satisfied. In case when task
are boring , the conformity of norms is low in
the group.
Sanctions : The sanctions imposed for non
conformity of norms, if they are weak , the
conformity of norms will also be low.
High need of social approval : Norms are
considered as standard of behaviour which
needs to be followed. It means norms imply a
sense of obligation.
45. If an individual violates the norms , his action
is disapproved by the society. Then , the
violaters are subject to fine , imprisonment &
also suffer from prestige. The individual
whose action is in accordance with norms ,
then the individual recieves the positive
reward such as praise , promotion.
Behaviour & attitude : The norms encourage
the behaviour that ensures maximum
satisfaction & discourages behaviour that
interferes with satisfaction.
46. Cohesiveness: If seen in groups, these norms
are found in conformity or in some group but
not in others.
Acceptance by group members : If the
members feels that they are accepted, the high
degree of conformity is likely to occur. But in
case of rejection by group, then less likely to
have conformity to norms.
Position : The degree of conformity to norms
is determined by the extant to which an
individual is exposed to public view. If an
individual is of high status position, he is more
exposed to public view & have the pressure to
conform to norms.
47. Other factors : There are certain others
factors which show the conformity of norm:
Submissiveness
Low in self confidence
More authoritarian
Less intelligent
Low in need of achievement
High in need for social approval