Waves & Optics
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1. Traveling waves propagate in a single direction with minimal change in shape, such as ocean waves. Standing waves occur when traveling waves interact in an enclosed space and form regions of maximum and minimum displacement called antinodes and nodes. 2. Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every mass in the universe attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3. According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, planets orbit the sun in ellipses, with the sun located at one focus, and planets sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals.
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