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Water softening Process

Hardness in water is caused by calcium and magnesium ions. There are several methods for water softening including chemical precipitation using lime, soda, and ash; caustic soda; and ion exchange. The lime soda ash method converts all forms of carbonate and non-carbonate hardness into precipitating species using lime and soda. Ion exchange can remove 100% of hardness from water but some hardness is desirable, so ion exchange is used to maintain an appropriate level of hardness.

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Environmental Engineering•Water Treatment Tech•
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WATER SOFTENING Kazi Ismile Hossain Lecturer, Department of CE, UCTC
Removal of hardness from water. Hardness is caused by the presence of Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions in water.
Methods of Water Softening Softening Methods Chemical Precipitation Lime Soda Ash Method Caustic Soda Method Ion Exchange
Lime Soda Ash Method All forms of Carbonate and Non Carbonate Hardness can be converted to the precipitating species by the addition of lime and soda.
Lime Soda Ash Method .
Caustic Soda (NaOH) Process All forms of hardness can be converted to the precipitating species by the addition of NaOH.
Ion Exchange .
Ion Exchange .
Ion Exchange Ion exchange process can remove 100% hardness from water. But, some hardness is desirable in drinking water. How to maintain?
Ion Exchange