India faces significant water stress due to its large population and limited renewable fresh water resources. While the average annual rainfall in India is 1170mm, rainfall varies greatly across regions and seasons. Agricultural irrigation accounts for the largest use of water in India at around 40%, while domestic use is around 21% and industrial use is 5%. Several factors contribute to India's water stress, including high population growth, increasing demand from various sectors, extensive farming practices, and water losses from evaporation. Steps needed to overcome the water deficit include afforestation, reducing overgrazing, population control, community participation, and utilizing non-conventional water sources.

1. WATER RESOURCES
Presented to: Dr. JK Gupta
Presented by: Mr. Rahul bhati
16STUJPCS0012

2. DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL WATER

3. Rainfall
Average Annual Rainfall - 1170 mm
Maximum Average Annual Rainfall - 11000 mm
#Cherrapunji
Minimum Average Annual Rainfall - 100 mm
#Western Rajasthan

4. Spatial Variation of Rainfall

5. Demands of Various Sectors
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1997 2010 2025 2050
Demand(Billioncubicmetre)
Evaporation Losses
Environment
(Ecology)
Inland Navigation
Power
Industries
Domestic
Irrigation

6. India, with more than a billion people, needs a lot of water to grow food for its population
Agriculture
Source: http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/15.htm

7. Why India is a Water deficient
country ?
•Total land area --- 2.5%
•Population --- 16.7%
•Animal population --- 15%
•Renewable fresh water --- 4%
Note :-Percentage world-wide

8. Step to be taken to over come
water deficient: -
• Afforestation
• Reduction of over-gazing
• Population Control
• Community participation
• Use of non- conventional sources of energy

9. Temporal Variation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Winter
Monsoon
(Jan-Feb)
Pre
Monsoon
(Mar-May
Monsoon
(Jun-Sep)
Post
Monsoon
(Oct-Dec)
Rainfallinmm
All India

10. Per Capita Availability
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1951 1991 2001 2025 2050
WaterAvailibilty(Cubicmeterper
capitaperyear)
Water Stress Line
Water Scarcity Line

11. Sources of Irrigation
2.89 (5%)
2.53 (5%)
11.55 (21%)
15.98 (29%)
21.72 (40%)
Canals Tanks Tube Wells
Other Wells Other Sources

12. Every item
that we use needs
water for production
CAUSES FOR WATER STRESS
Water evaporation
from reservoirs of large
hydro power projects
Domestic
Extensive farming.
High usage of water
Industry
Increase in Population
Water stress!!!!
Power
Agriculture
People require
food to eat
Increased demand
for goods
bathing, flushing, washing,
cooking, drinking…