Water qualification
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This document summarizes water purification technologies. It discusses various contaminants found in water like inorganic ions, organics, microorganisms, and particles. It then outlines 8 key water purification technologies: 1) filtration, 2) chlorine removal, 3) ultrafiltration, 4) distillation and ion exchange, 5) scale control, 6) reverse osmosis, 7) ultraviolet light and storage, and 8) distillation loops. Each technology is briefly described in 1-2 sentences. Diagrams are also included to illustrate processes like ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electro deionization, and water storage/distribution systems.
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Water qualification
- 2. • Presented by: Dr. Yasir Mehmood PhD Pharmaceutics, MBA (Health management) • Head QA & VIRAC Saffron Pharmaceuticals (Pvt.) Ltd. 19 Km. Sheikhupura Road, Faisalabad-Pakistan.
- 4. • Natural • Man made • Cations • Anions • Non-dissolved solid matter • Colloids Inorganic Ions (Dissolved Solids) Organics Bacteria , Algae , Micro fungi, Endotoxin Particles Microorganisms
- 6. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 Scale control 6 Reverse osmosis 7 Ultraviolet & storage tank 8 Distillation loops 1 Filtration 2 Chlorine removal 3 Ultrafiltration 4 Distillation & ion exchange Water Purification Technologies
- 7. Filtration • Depth Filters - Entrapment • Screen Filters - Sieving, • Membranes
- 8. Depth Filters Supra disc: Depth filter module Cotton Fibers, Glass Fibers Polypropylene, Nylon Filaments, Sand Grains Media Nominal (98% Removal) Pore Rating 0.5-1000um or combinations Range 10-30mm Thickness
- 9. Membrane microfilters Nylon, Teflon, Cellulose Esters Media Absolute (100% Removal) Pore Rating 0.1 to 10 µm Range 150µm Thickness
- 10. Ion Exchange
- 14. Reverse osmosis (RO) theory raw water High pressure Feed water Under pressure Reject water Semi-permeable membrane Permeate water drain or recycle Low pressure Purified water
- 15. Reverse Osmosis • 95 - 99% Rejection of Inorganic Ions • 99% Rejection of Organics • 99% Rejection of Particles Performance • 10 - 65% of Feed Water Recovery
- 18. Ultra-Violet
- 19. Oxidation of Organic Compound
- 20. 01 03 06 04 02 05 Store water protected from bacterial growth Vent filter Tank UV light or Spray Ball Sanitary Overflow Conical bottom Steam or Ozone sterilization • Design Considerations • Sized with Make-Up system • Rupture Disk should always have monitor • Smaller the better Storage Tank Sized with Make-Up system
- 21. Water must be kept circulating Spray ball Cartridge filter 1 µm Outlets Hygienic pump Optional in-line filter 0,2 µm UV light Feed Water Hydrophobic air filter & burst disc Typical Water Storage And Distribution Schematic
- 22. Distribution Loops Water scours deadleg If D=25mm & distance X is greater than 50mm, we have a dead leg that is too long. Dead leg section <2D Flow direction arrows on pipes are important Sanitary Valve D X There should be no dead legs Stagnant water inside valve • Ball valves are unacceptable • Bacteria can grow when the valve is closed • The water is contaminated as it passes through the valve
- 24. Distillation